Salafi Movement in Greater Bandung after Reformation (1998–2025): Role and Impact on Local Social and Cultural Transformation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/hanifiya.v9i2.55689Keywords:
conflict theory, Indonesia's Reformation, Salafi, social transformation, structurationAbstract
This study analyzes the development and influence of the Salafi movement in Bandung since the post-Reformation period (1998–present) through an interdisciplinary approach combining History, Sociology, and Anthropology. It traces the movement’s genealogy from a daʿwah phenomenon to a significant social force in the public sphere. Theoretically, Ralf Dahrendorf’s Conflict and Resistance Theory is used to examine tensions between Salafi groups and traditional religious authorities, highlighting how struggles over authority and influence generate polarization and local resistance rooted in cultural identity. Anthony Giddens’ Structuration Theory illuminates the duality of structure: Salafi agents employ democratic spaces and information technology to spread their ideology, while their actions gradually reshape norms, religious practices, and lifestyles in Bandung society. The research employs a qualitative field case study. Historical data were gathered through archival research and oral histories to map infiltration phases; sociological and anthropological data were collected via participant observation and in-depth interviews with movement leaders, local communities, and academics. Findings indicate that the Salafi movement in Bandung is not monolithic but adaptive to societal dynamics. It has produced social transformation, including shifts in religious consumption, changes in lifestyle, and redefinitions of grassroots social relations. While triggering horizontal conflict (Dahrendorf), the movement also demonstrates agency (Giddens) by creating new subcultures that now constitute part of Bandung’s sociological diversity in the modern era.
References
Afriansyah, A. (2021). Konstruksi, Kontestasi, Fragmentasi, dan Pluralisasi Otoritas Keagamaan Indonesia Kontemporer [Construction, Contestation, Fragmentation, and Pluralization of Religious Authority in Contemporary Indonesia]. Studia Islamika, 28(1), 227–244. https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v28i1.20514 [In Indonesian]
Ancok, D., & Suroso, F. N. (2011). Psikologi islami: Solusi islam atas problem-problem psikologi [Islamic psychology: Islamic solutions to psychological problems]. Pustaka Pelajar.
Andjarwati, T. (2015). Motivasi dari Sudut Pandang Teori Hirarki Kebutuhan Maslow, Teori Dua Faktor Herzberg, Teori X Y Mc Gregor, dan Teori Motivasi Prestasi Mc Clelland [Motivation from the Perspective of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory, Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory, Mc Gr. Jmm17, 2(01), 2. https://doi.org/10.30996/jmm17.v2i01.422 [In Indonesian]
Argenti, G. (2019). Islam Politik di Indonesia: Transformasi Gerakan Sosial Aksi Bela Islam 212 dari Gerakan Demonstrasi Ke Gerakan Kelembagaan Sosial, Politik dan Ekonomi [Political Islam in Indonesia: The Transformation of the 212 Islamic Defense Action Social Movement fro. Jurnal Politikom Indonesiana, 4(2), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.35706/jpi.v4i2.3228 [In Indonesian]
Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Damayanti, D., Widjaja, S. U. M., & Hermawan, A. (2020). Moralitas Ekonomi dalam Perspektif Budaya pada Mahasiswa [Economic Morality in Cultural Perspective for Students]. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, Dan Pengembangan, 5(2), 153. https://doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v5i2.13159 [In Indonesian]
Endrizal, E., & Hendri, N. (2018). Identitas: Konstruksi Sosial Dan Kekuasaan [Identity: Social Construction and Power]. Islam Realitas: Journal of Islamic & Social Studies, 4(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.30983/islam_realitas.v4i1.463 [In Indonesian]
Fatmawati, I., & Sholikin, A. (2020). Pierre Bourdieu Dan Konsep Dasar Kekerasan Simbolik [Pierre Bourdieu and the Basic Concept of Symbolic Violence]. MADANI: Jurnal Politik Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, 12(1), 41–60. https://doi.org/10.52166/madani.v12i1.3280 [In Indonesian]
Hannan, A., & Abdillah, K. (2019). Hegemoni Religio-Kekuasaan Dan Transformasi Sosial Mobilisasi Jaringan Kekuasaan dan Keagamaan Kyai dalam Dinamika Sosio-Kultural Masyarakat [Religious-Power Hegemony and Social Transformation: Mobilization of Kyai’s Power and Religious Networks in the So. Sosial Budaya, 16(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.24014/sb.v16i1.7037 [In Indonesian]
Hidayat, D. (2012). Gerakan Dakwah Salafi di Indonesia pada Era Reformasi [The Salafi Da’wah Movement in Indonesia in the Reformation Era]. Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi, 17(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.7454/MJS.v17i2.1197 [In Indonesian]
Jabrohim. (2003). Tahajjut Cinta [Tahajjud of Love]. Pustaka Pelajar Yoigyakarta.
Judijanto, L. (2025). Tinjauan Bibliometrik Reproduksi Kultural pada Pendidikan Nonformal Masyarakat Lokal [Bibliometric Review of Cultural Reproduction in Local Community Non-Formal Education]. Sanskara Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 3(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.58812/sish.v3.i01 [In Indonesian]
Magnis‑Suseno, F. (2013). Etika Politik: Prinsip-Prinsip Moral Dasar Kenegaraan Modern [Political Ethics: Basic Moral Principles of Modern Statecraft]. Gramedia.
Maladi, Y., & Wahyudi. (2021). Makna Tafsir Maudhui (E. Zulaiha & M. T. Rahman (eds.)). Prodi S2 Studi Agama-Agama UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.
Mighfar, S. (2015). SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY : Telaah Konsep George C. Homans Tentang Teori Pertukaran Sosial [SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY: An Examination of George C. Homans’ Concept of Social Exchange Theory]. LISAN AL-HAL: Jurnal Pengembangan Pemikiran Dan Kebudayaan, 9(2), 259–282. https://doi.org/10.35316/lisanalhal.v9i2.98 [In Indonesian]
Misbah, M. (2017). Agama Dan Alienasi Manusia (Refleksi Atas Kritik Karl Marx Terhadapagama) [Religion and Human Alienation (Reflections on Karl Marx’s Critique of Religion)]. KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 9(2), 196–206. https://doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v9i2.849 [In Indonesian]
Moleong, L. J. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif (Edisi revisi) [Qualitative Research Methodology (Revised Edition)]. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Muliono, S., Suwarko, A., & Ismail, Z. I. (2019). Gerakan Salafi dan Deradikalisasi Islam di Indonesia [The Salafi Movement and Islamic Deradicalization in Indonesia]. Religió: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama, 9(2), 244–266. https://doi.org/10.15642/religio.v9i2.1207 [In Indonesian]
Mulyadi, & Adriantoni. (2021). Psikologi Agama [Psychology of Religion]. Prenada Media.
Omar, A. K., Aquarini, & Junaidi. (2026). Komunikasi Hukum Dan Legitimasi Sosial: Studi Interdisipliner [Legal Communication and Social Legitimacy: An Interdisciplinary Study]. Masca : Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 1(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v4i2.4705 [In Indonesian]
Rahman, M. T. (2025). Metodologi Penelitian Agama. Prodi S2 Studi Agama-Agama UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.
Rokhlinasari, S. (2015). Teori-teori dalam Pengungkapan Informasi Corporate Social Responbility Perbankan [Theories in Disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility Information in Banking]. Al-Amwal: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 7(1), 7–8. https://doi.org/10.24235/amwal.v7i1.217 [In Indonesian]
Setiawan, R. (2018). Subaltern, Politik Etis, dan Hegemoni dalam Perspektif Spivak [Subaltern, Ethical Politics, and Hegemony in Spivak’s Perspective]. Jurnal POETIKA, 6(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.22146/poetika.35013 [In Indonesian]
Setiawati, R., Hidayat, R., & Mukri, M. (2024). Radicalism and Salafism in Indonesia: Development and Movement of Transnational Ideology. Analisis: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 24(2), 227–256. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajsk.v24i2.24412
Setton, M. da G. J. (2002). A teoria do habitus em Pierre Bourdieu: uma leitura contemporânea. Revista Brasileira de Educação, 20, 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-24782002000200005
Siregar, N. S. S. (2016). Kajian Tentang Interaksionisme Simbolik [A Study of Symbolic Interactionism]. PERSPEKTIF, 1(2), 104. https://doi.org/10.31289/perspektif.v1i2.86 [In Indonesian]
Sugiyono. (2021). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D [Qualitative Quantitative Research Methods and R&D]. Alfabeta.
Sulaiman, A. (2016). Memahami Teori Konstruksi Sosial Peter L. Berger [Understanding Peter L. Berger’s Social Construction Theory]. Society, 4(1), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v4i1.32 [In Indonesian]
Supriadi, Y. (2017). Relasi Ruang Publik Dan Pers Menurut Habermas [The Relationship Between Public Space and the Press According to Habermas]. Jurnal Kajian Jurnalisme, 1(1), 6–7. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkj.v1i1.12228 [In Indonesian]
Susilowati, E. Z., & Indarti, T. (2018). Resistensi Perempuan Dalam Kumpulan Cerita Tandak Karya Royyan Julian (Teori Resistensi-James C. Scott) [Women’s Resistance in the Tandak Story Collection by Royyan Julian (Resistance Theory - James C. Scott)]. Jurnal Bapala, 5(2), 5–6. https://doi.org/10.32682/sastranesia.v10i1.2917 [In Indonesian]
Syariati, A. (1989). Ideologi Kaum Intelektual [Ideology of Intellectuals]. Mizan.
Tridarmanto, Y., & Soetapa, D. (2002). Karakteristik dan Ciri-ciri Fundamentalisme sebagai Aliran dan Gerakan Keagamaan [Characteristics and Features of Fundamentalism as a Religious School and Movement]. Unisia, 25(45), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.20885/unisia.vol25.iss45.art1 [In Indonesian]
Tualeka, M. W. N. (2017a). Teori konflik sosiologi klasik dan modern. Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Studi Agama, 3(1), 32–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30651/ah.v3i1.409
Tualeka, M. W. N. (2017b). Teori konflik sosiologi klasik dan modern [Classical and modern sociological conflict theory]. Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Studi Agama, 3(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.30651/ah.v3i1.409 [In Indonesian]
Yusuf, A. U. (2014). Meluruskan Sejarah Wahabi. Yayasan Al Furqon Al Islami : Jawa Timur.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Amung Ahmad Syahir Muharam, Ajid Thohir
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC-BY-SA)  that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
