Explanation of Akidah in the Works of Patani Ulama and its Relation to Method of Aqidah Hurairan

This article discuss about method of explanation of akidah in the work of patani ulama and and method of explanantion of imam al-Nawawi about akidah and recognizing clearlly similarities of method of explanation of ulama patani with imam al-Nawawi. The article is qualitative study using library risearch and analytical data in the form of descriftive with two principle of deductive an inductive. Researh findings show that method of al-nawawi in explaining aqidah is a combination of Salaf and Khalaf, but patani ulama use rather the khalaf method. This study also shows that there is a similar method between the two different ulama in dealing with explanation of aqidah. However, there are also points of different between them in the way they use Salaf and khalaf. Imam al_Nawawi uses Salaf method for the first following by Khalaf on the contrary the Patani Ulama applied Khalaf as starting point followed by Salaf.


A. INTRODUCTION
Islamic aqidah derives from Qur'an and Sunnah of Prophet and are implemented by man of the past such as sahabah, tabi'in, tabi'i tabi'in and atba tabi'i tabi'in in the period of the firts three hundred of hijra and subsequentlly followed by the ulama.So, the way to understand qur'anic verses and Sunnah of prophet relating to verses and hadist of sifat and Qur'anic verses and hadist mutasabihat, between ithbat and takwil.It has a relation to the explanantion of akidah in the patani ulama al-Nawawi.
The theme of the title is no information toward this study especially explanation of Patani ulama and imam al-Nawawi.In the same time, explanation is important fo Islamic society in Patani due to its akidah to akidah discussion directly.The study emphasizes the works of ulama in Patani and method of Tafsir imam al-Nawawi and clearly understood method of akidah explanation among the ulama in Patani and imam al-Nawawi.

B. METHODS
The article is qualitative study using library research and analytical data in the form of descriptive with the deductive an inductive principles.

The Works of Ulama in Patani
Study on the works of ulama in patani shows that akidah explanation of their work as follow: Firts: al-Dur al-Thamin fi Bayan aqaid al-Mu'min (

‫ﻋﻘﺎﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺜﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆ‬
), by syeikh Dud al-Fatani in Malay language but in Jawi letter.Method of aqidah explanation used by syeikh Daud in his book based on explanation of khalaf.For instant, he explains the character of Allah based of twenty characters:  (Idris, n.d.)The explanation of Qur'anic verses and hadits muthasyabihat as typically Allah discussed in this works two opinions namely salaf and khalaf.But in innitialy it starts with khalaf and followed by salaf.by doing so, it is categorized as the combination method between khalaf and salaf that formerly used by the scholars of khalaf.In this works, there is no salaf method only in explaining the mustahil character of Allah.

Second: Aqidah al-Najin fi ilm ushul al-Din ( ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﲔ‬ ‫‪)by‬ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ‬ syeikh Zainal
Abidin al-Fatani is in Malay but in Jawi letter as commentary of Umm Barahim of imam al-Sanusi.In the theme of character of mustahil of fifth character talking about jahl (ignorance), he said that they who depend on the literal kitab (book) and hadits muthsabihat are the nature of the kufur hasyawiyyah.In the Qur'an there are two types of verse that are muhkamah and muthasabihat.The former should be taken its meaning from its literal meaning without process of ta'wil and of the later, it has to take another relevant meaning beside its literal with qawaid syar'iyyah.He again said about kufur that is when people use literal meaning of a quranic verse and hadist muthasabihat and said with how to act as the dhahir verses into salaf.It is shown as he explain about sya'r ibrahim al-Luqani in the mustahil characther of Allah, he explain as follow:  (Abidin, n.d.)He said that salaf with his word for him face, hands and all of its fingers that have no idea about them, for khalaf said that the meaning of the face is His essence and the meaning of the hand is His qudrah and the meaning of the finggers is rahman and two character of qudrah and iradah.From the explanation we can see clearlly that his explanation is a mix explanation between salaf and khalaf where it is started by khalaf and followed by salaf subsequently.For salaf, let's give all of the knowledge to Allah and for khalaf it should be interpreted by ta'wil.As it is so, the explanation of that type is the explanation of khalaf.Explanation on verse of sifah and muthasabihat using the two-method consecutivelly strated with salaf then khalaf in the following discussion is method of the scholars of khalaf.

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻻﺭﺷﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻛﻮﺭﺓ‬
( by Ismail bin Abdul Qadir al-Patani in Malay but Jawi letter.The method of this book is also typical with the previous.The author use logical argument toward the wajid character of Allah together with the mustahil character.The book will started with the wajib character and accompanied by the mustahil sifah as it is reflect the khalaf method of explanation.For example the character of wujud as the greatest character attached to Allah followed by the mustahil of His mustahil (nothing) or unexist (Qadir, 2000).
Sixth For example to use of khalaf and salaf in explaining muthasabihat verse about the characters of Allah and the hadith, it puts salaf method for the first and khalaf in the following explanation.It combines the way the salaf puts the knowledge as a matter of Allah, meanwhile khalaf use ta'wil to choose the best way for exlaining the appropiate one for Allah.The aim of khalaf is to avoid representation of Allah into his creature character.As it is clear to see the use of that way in his books, it reflects how khalaf is applied in the book.
It is evident from the explanation above that the author applied a khalaf method, as the salaf depend and put the real meaning to Allah and the khalaf chooses the ta'wil.
From the ten works, it is can be concluded five of them using khalaf and salaf methods in the same time in discussing muthasabihat verses.Meanwhile the other five books use only khalaf method whithout quoting to salaf.

The life of Imam al-Nawawi and its Method of Explanation
Imam Al-Nawawi Is Muhy Al Din Abu Zakaria Yahya Bin Syaraf Bin Mirra Bin Husain Bin Muhammad Bin Jum'ah bin Hizamiy al-Nwawy.His nawawi name is derived from the vilage in Hauran in Damascus, Syria.From the place he gets his famous name as al-Nawawi.He follows the Syafi'i school and is concerned more on fiqh of Syafi'i belittled "Muhy al-Din" or the "Religious" with Abu Zakariya (Al-Sakhawiy, n.d.) .
People know him as the greatest ulama for his time and the following generation until now.In the intellectual point of view, he produced a number of works for hadith and fiqih of Syafi'i and Aqidah.Khalaf also influences him as the mainstreams of his time.
The book of commentary to Sahih Muslim is put in the highest position in Muslim society until now.It is evident in the history as many of previous ulama before him that gave commentaries to the books.However, his commentary is one of comprehensive compared to the other such as al-Maziriy and Qadi Iyad.

Method of Aqidah Explanation about the Character of Allah
For the method of al-Nawawi in his explanation He explains hadits about Allah's characters based on mixed method between two methods of salaf and khalaf, but the stress is on khalaf.It can be seen clearly if imam al-Nawawi explains hadits of character on Syarh Sahih Muslim, he said: "This hadits between hadits about Allah's character".This term indicates salaf school, then he explains second school, that's khalaf, and cites the scholars of khalaf to support this stream interpretation.

Method Imam Al-Nawawi Explaining Hadiths about the Character of Allah
Based on the explanation on syarh sahih Muslim, imam al-Nawawi analyzes the hadits about Allah's characters through mixed method of salaf then followed by Khalaf School.But, on khalaf stream he tends to explains the problems in question.His explanation is about language explanation and the meaning of nas.
Thus sometimes describes that he prefers to use the reason and and arguments of the scholars of khalaf.It's also confirmed that he tend to khalaf stream rather than salaf stream but he does not avoid salaf.For researcher of the syarh (commentaries) of the Sahih Muslim book it's clear that imam al-Nawawi's method in explaining hadits about Allah's character is mixed; he put together salaf and khalaf opinions when explains those haditses then continued with long explanation based on khalaf school.For example when he explains nuzul hadits that has been explained before in hadits no.758 and usbu's hadits no.2786 and surah hadits no.The meaning: this hadits is in between hadits about Allah's characters.This is a famous hadits character's method on salaf stream, when he does the "takwil" of Allah's characters as like nuzul to the descend of blessing, usbu' to the power and surah to the this surah of Adam describe explanation method of Allah's characters on khalaf stream opinion (Sabuding, 2013).
Iman Al-Nawawi preceedes salaf method briefly, then followed by khalaf stream with details explanation, example: Meaning: Be cognizant by you that experts said hadits-hadits of character and ayah-ayah of character divided into two groups.First: salaf group is group who does not talk about meaning (Allah's character), then they said that we must believe in God and beri'tikad about meaning which is proper with Allah and his mighty, and i'tiqad by putus that Allah does not similar with anything, and Allah is clear from berlembaga, nomaden, menetapkan certain place dan clear from every creation's characters.Second: Mutakallimin (khalaf) group is group who mentakwilkan perkara based on place, this perkara takwilan for people who understand Arabic and qawa'id and furu' (Al-Nawawi, 1995).
The proof of Imam al-Nawawi's opinion can be found in al-Majmu kitab that is tends to use salaf ijmal not as tafsil: Meaning: Basic of obligation in Islam and perkara about 'aqidah is enough by tasdiq to everything from Rasul Allah and i'tiqad with it secara jazam and free from any doubtless.And not an obligation for them who reach that faith in studies Mutakallimin argumentations.This is the right one for salaf, fuqaha and Al-Mutakallimin from our friend (al-Asa'irah) and others.It's because prophet did not demand anybody with something except what we said (Al-Nawawi, n.d.).
Based on this fact, imam Al-Nawawi explains that salaf approach is enough for Muslim in aqidah matter but if we find the doubtless from components of hujah of mind, so we can refer to hujah of Mutakallimin as follow: ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﳑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﲢﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻚ‬ ‫ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ Meaning: And if you feel doubt (Islamic asas and 'aqidah) and be under the protection of Allah from usul i'tiqad rather than sebatang perkasa (some basis) yang mesti dipegangi than everything about 'aqidah.And we still feel doubt (Syakk) again, except studied about arguments from all arguments of Mutakallimin's group, become a convincing learning to decline doubtless.That's when we reach usul i'tiqad (Al-Nawawi, n.d.).
It's clear on that imam al-Nawawi book al-Majmu that his opinion is enough with Rasulullah's guideline except with using mutakallimin opinion so they suggested to using it.
Imam al-Nawawi basicly accepts or gives priority to salaf about Allah's character matter ijmaly, but the problem is after he uses ulama Mutakallimin's word in the long way without any comment.It's shows that he agrees with their opinion.