Tanāzul Ḥaqq: A Strategy for Islamic Banks to Maintain Competitiveness Deposits in the Profit-Sharing System
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines the strategic role of Tanāzul Ḥaqq (voluntary relinquishment of rights) as a mechanism that enables Islamic banks to enhance competitiveness within the profit-sharing system. Islamic banks continue to face structural challenges due to competition with conventional institutions that offer fixed and predictable returns, particularly to corporate and institutional clients. This research aims to analyze the fiqh foundations, strategic benefits, and potential risks of Tanāzul Ḥaqq within the context of modern Islamic banking. This research employs a qualitative, library-based method, drawing on classical and contemporary fiqh literature, DSN-MUI fatwas, OJK regulations, Islamic banking reports, and relevant academic studies. A descriptive-analytical approach is applied to evaluate both the Sharīʿah basis and strategic implications of Tanāzul Ḥaqq. The study finds that Tanāzul Ḥaqq is permissible when the waived right has fully materialized, is voluntary, does not alter the essence of the contract, and avoids elements of gharar and riba-like manipulation. Strategically, Tanāzul Ḥaqq enhances product attractiveness, stabilizes bank income, increases operational flexibility, and strengthens customer loyalty. Nevertheless, it carries risks such as information asymmetry, bargaining power imbalance, and potential deviation from the principle of fairness. The effective application of Tanāzul Ḥaqq requires maximum transparency, strong risk governance, and proactive customer education to maintain Sharīʿah compliance and market competitiveness. Originality/Value: This study integrates fiqh analysis with strategic management perspectives, offering a comprehensive framework for implementing.
Article Details
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to International Journal of Nusantara Islam, Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University.
The copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and disseminate articles in all forms and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilm, and similar reproductions, as well as translations. Some or all of the contents of this journal can be stored in databases and transmitted in any form and media without the need for written permission from the International Journal of Nusantara Islam, Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University.
The Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the International Journal of Nusantara Islam (IJNI) are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.
References
Abu Dawud Sulayman bin al-Ash`ath al-Azdi. (1997). Sunan Abi Dawud. Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm.
Abū Isḥāq al-Syirāzī. (1995). al-Muhadhdhab fī Fiqh al-Imām al-Shāfiʿī (Juz 1). Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Humām, I. (1980). Kamal al-Din Sharḥ Fath al-Qadir ʿalā al-Hidayah (Jilid 7). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Kāsānī. (1986). Badāʾiʿ al-Ṣanāʾiʿ fī Tartīb al-Syarāʾiʿ (vol 6). Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Ascarya. (2020). Islamic Banking and Financial Stability. Jakarta: LIPI Press.
Chapra, M. U. (2008). Islam and the Economic Challenge. Leicester: Islamic Foundation.
Creswell. (2016). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Sage publications.
DSN MUI. (2017). Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional-Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 114/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 Tentang Akad Syirkah [Fatwa of the National Sharia Council-Indonesian Ulema Council Number 114/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 Concerning the Syirkah Contract].
Fadilah, R. (2022). Efisiensi Kinerja Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia Saat Covid-19 Dengan Pendekatan Data Envelopment Analysis [Efficiency of Islamic Commercial Bank Performance in Indonesia During Covid-19 Using a Data Envelopment Analysis Approach]. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Mulawarman, 1(1), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.30872/jesm.v2i1.2765 [In Indonesian]
Hazam, I. (1983). Al-Iḥkām fī Uṣūl al-Aḥkām. Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīdah.
Ḥazm, I. (1998). Marātib al-Ijmāʿ. Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm.
Ḥazm, I. (1999). Al-Muḥallā bi al-Ātsār (jilid 9). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Ibrahim, A. (2018). Islamic Banking and Profit Sharing Mechanisms. Kuala Lumpur: International Islamic University Press.
Kusumastuti, D. (2020). Problem Penerapan Bagi Hasil dalam Pembiayaan di Perbankan Syariah [Problems in Implementing Profit Sharing in Financing in Islamic Banking]. AL-MANAHIJ: JURNAL KAJIAN HUKUM ISLAM Учредители: UIN Prof. KH Saifuddin Zuhri, 4(2), 235–252. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v4i2.3719 [In Indonesian]
Malik, A., Ullah, K., Jan, S., Atiq, M., & Abdullah, A. (2021). The role of knowledge diffusion in evolving governance principles for Islamic banking. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 14(4), 835–850. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-07-2020-0325
Mansyur, A., Asnawi, N., Khasanah, U., & Jakfar Shodiq. (2025). The Evolving Relationship Between Islamic Economic Theory And Fiqh Al-Muamalat In Modern Financial Systems: A Comprehensive Analysis. An-Natiq Jurnal Kajian Islam Interdisipliner, 5(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.33474/an-natiq.v5i1.22335
Maulana, D. F., & Rozak, A. (2021). Ketetapan Hukum Dan Rekonstruksi Parameter Hilah Pada Praktik Perbankan Syariah [Legal Provisions and Reconstruction of Hilah Parameters in Islamic Banking Practices]. Bilancia: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Syariah Dan Hukum, 15(1), 27–50. https://doi.org/10.24239/blc.v15i1.670 [In Indonesian]
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Mohamad, S., Ahmed, M. U., & Badri, M. B. (2017). Preference shares: analysis of Sharīʿah issues. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 9(2), 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-07-2017-0008
Muhammad, F. N. dan F. H. (2024). Mekanisme Bagi Hasil dalam Kebijakan Moneter Syariah : Prinsip, Praktik, dan Implikasinya Terhadap Stabilitas Ekonomi [Profit-Sharing Mechanism in Islamic Monetary Policy: Principles, Practices, and Implications for Economic Stability]. Jurnal Bisnis, Ekonomi Syariah, Dan Pajak, 1(4), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.61132/jbep.v1i4.666 [In Indonesian]
Noor, A. M., & Haron, M. N. (2015). Aplikasi Tanazul Dan Isu-Isu Syariah Dalam Sukuk Berasaskan Kontrak Ekuiti [Application of Tanazul and Sharia Issues in Sukuk Based on Equity Contracts]. Jurnal Muamalat, Bil, 8, 2015. https://doi.org/10.31436/shajarah.v0i0.337 [In Indonesian]
Noor, A. M., Haron, M. N., & Mohammad, S. Z. (2015). The Application Of Tanāzul And Its Sharī’ah Issues In Equity-Based Ṣ Ukūk. Al-Shajarah: Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought & Civilization, 20. https://doi.org/10.31436/shajarah.v0i0.337
Nur, A., Jannah, A., Oktaviana, U. K., Syariah, J. P., Ekonomi, F., Islam, U., Maulana, N., & Ibrahim, M. (2022). Konvensional Dan Bank Umum Syariah Berdasarkan Stochastic Frontier [Conventional and Islamic Commercial Banks Based on Stochastic Frontier]. Jurnal Masharif Al-Syariah, 7(30), 934–947. https://doi.org/10.30651/jms.v7i2.16488 [In Indonesian]
Paturohman, P., & Tarjono, T. (2021). Model Pembiayaan Musharakah (Profit And Loss Sharing) [Musharakah Financing Model (Profit And Loss Sharing)]. Ecobankers : Journal of Economy and Banking, 2(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.47453/ecobankers.v2i1.324 [In Indonesian]
Philip, K. L. K. K. (2016). Marketing Management (15th ed.). London: Pearson.
Qudāmah, I. (1990). al-Mughnī (Juz 5). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Reyad, S., Chinnasamy, G., & Madbouly, A. (2022). Risk management and corporate governance of Islamic banks: evidence from GCC countries. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 22(7), 1425–1443. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-08-2020-0360
Rogaya, N., Ishak, D. F., Azizah, S., Wulandari, V., Ramadhany, C. A., & Choiriyah, C. (2025). Bank Syariah di Era Digital: Analisis Tantangan dan Peluang Transformasi [Islamic Banking in the Digital Era: An Analysis of the Challenges and Opportunities for Transformation]. TOMAN: Jurnal Topik Manajemen, 2(1), 189–202. https://doi.org/10.61930/toman.v2i1.201 [In Indonesian]
Rosly, S. A. (2010). Critical Issues on Islamic Banking and Financial Markets. Kuala Lumpur: Dinamas Publishing.
Rufaida, E. R. (2024). Profit and Loss Sharing: Konsep dalam Perspktif Islam dan Teori Perbankan Syariah [Profit and Loss Sharing: A Concept from an Islamic Perspective and Islamic Banking Theory]. Abdurrauf Social Science, 1(2), 126–144. https://doi.org/10.70742/arsos.v1i2.36 [In Indonesian]
Salim, H., & Susetyo, A. B. (2025). Peran Teknologi Finansial dalam Inovasi Layanan Perbankan Syariah [The Role of Financial Technology in Islamic Banking Service Innovation]. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 4(2), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.33633/jekobs.v4i2.13158 [In Indonesian]
Santoso, M. S. B., Nasiruddin, M., & Shiddiq, J. (2025). Inovasi Produk Perbankan Syariah dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing di Era Digital [Sharia Banking Product Innovation to Increase Competitiveness in the Digital Era]. TIJAROTANA : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Syariah, 6(01). https://doi.org/10.64454/tj.v6i01.93 [In Indonesian]
Sasmita, L. A., & Setiawan, N. (2022). Analisis Pengaruh Pembiayaan Terhadap Laba Bersih Melalui Bagi Hasil Bank Umum Syariah [Analysis of the Influence of Financing on Net Profit Through Profit Sharing of Islamic Commercial Banks]. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam, 3(4), 670–679. https://doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v3i4.1001 [In Indonesian]
Sugiyono. (2023). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif [Quantitative Research Methods]. Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Syamsudin, M. (2018). Konsep Profit and Loss Sharing dalam Perbankan Syariah [The Concept of Profit and Loss Sharing in Islamic Banking]. NU ONLINE.
Syuhada, Serlina, Rahmawati, A., Rahma, E., & Djahratun. (2022). istem Operasional Syariah (Bagi Hasil / Profit Sharing) [Sharia Operational System (Profit Sharing)]. Al-Mizan : Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.54459/almizan.v5i1.411 [In Indonesian]
Terzi, C., & El Ammari, A. (2018). Measuring the Financial Performance of Islamic Banks in Selected Countries. Journal of Finance & Corporate Governance, 2(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.54960/jfcg.v2i1.15
Wahbah al-Zuḥaylī. (1985). al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Adillatuhu (Juz 5). Damaskus: Dār al-Fikr.
Wajdi Dusuki, A., & Irwani Abdullah, N. (2007). Why do Malaysian customers patronise Islamic banks? International Journal of Bank Marketing, 25(3), 142–160. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320710739850
ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sulaymān al-Ḥammad. (1990). al-Tanāzul ʿan al-Ḥaqq: Taḥqīqan wa Dirāsatan. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd.