Keragaan pertumbuhan tanaman honje (Etlingera elatior) pada beberapa level kerapatan naungan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/4057Keywords:
Etlingera elatior, klorofil, naungan, vegetatifAbstract
Honje (Etlingera elatior) adalah tanaman multifungsi yang telah digunakan untuk tujuan pertamanan, kuliner, obat-obatan dan bunga potong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman honje di bawah naungan pada beberapa tingkat kerapatan paranet. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Desember 2016 sampai April 2017 di Kebun Percobaan Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktor tunggal dengan tiga perlakuan pemberian naungan paranet yaitu: 0% (tanpa naungan paranet), naungan paranet 65%, dan naungan paranet 75% (kontrol), yang diulang lima kali. Setiap unit percobaan terdiri atas enam tanaman honje. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan tanaman tertinggi, jumlah daun per rumpun dan kandungan klorofil terbanyak dihasilkan pada naungan 65%. Jumlah anakan terbanyak (6,7) dihasilkan pada kondisi naungan 75%. Kerapatan stomata perlahan meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur, tertinggi sekitar 209,4 mm-2. Adaptasi honje pada kondisi naungan 65% berpeluang dikembangkan sebagai tanaman hias, ramuan herbal atau sayuran alternatif di Madura.
ABSTRACT
Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) is a multifunctional crop that has been used for ornamental, culinary, medicinal and cutting flower purposes. The aim of this study was to determine the vegetative growth of torch ginger under different density levels of shading net. The research was conducted from December 2016 to April 2017 in the experimental field of University of Trunojoyo Madura in randomized block design with three paranet shade treatments, respectively: 0% (without paranet shade), 65% paranet shade, and 75% paranet shade (control), with five replications. Each experimental unit consisted of six torch ginger plants. The results indicated that 65% paranet shade gave the best performance for plant height, the number of leaves per clump, and chlorophyll content. The 75% paranet shade gave the highest number of thillers (6.7). The density of stomata was slowly increased in line with the maturity and reached the highest density in 209,4 mm-2. The adaptation of torch ginger at 65% shade condition has an opportunity to be developed as an ornamental plant, aromatic herbs or alternative vegetable in Madura.conditions has an opportunity to be developed as an ornamental plant, aromatic herbs or alternative vegetable in Madura.
References
Bhosale, K. S., & Shinde, B. P. (2011). Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on proline and chlorophyll content in Zingiber officinale Rosc grown under water stress. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 1(3), 172–176. https://doi.org/cibtech.org/jls.htm
Bhuiyan, M. M. R., Roy, S., Sharma, P. C. D., Rashid, M. H. A., & Bala, P. (2012). Impact of multistoreyed agro-forestry systems on growth and yield of turmeric and ginger at Mymensingh, Bangladesh. ESci Journal of Crop Production, 01, 19–23.
Choon, S. Y., & Ding, P. (2013). Sucrose affects postharvest characteristics of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) inflorescence. Acta Hort., 1012, 581–588. https://doi.org/10.17660/Acta Hortic.2013.1012.78
Choon, S. Y., & Ding, P. (2016). Growth stages of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) plant. Sains Malay., 45(4), 507–515.
Choon, S. Y., & Ding, P. (2017). Physiological changes of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) inflorescence during development. Hort. Science, 52(3), 479–482. https://doi.org/10. 21273/HORTSCI11189-16
Gatabazi, A., Marais, D., Steyn, M. J., Araya, H. T., Mofokeng, M. M., & Mokgehle, S. N. (2019). Evaluating growth, yield, and water use efficiency of African and commercial ginger species in South Africa. Water, 11(548), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11030548
Ghasemzadeh, A., Jaafar, H. Z. E., & Rahmat, A. (2010). Synthesis of phenolics and flavonoids in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and their effects on photosynthesis rate. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 11, 4539–4555. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijms11114539
Ghasemzadeh, A., Jaafar, H. Z. E., Rahmat, A., & Ashkani, S. (2015). Secondary metabolites constituents and antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activities of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm grown in different locations of Malaysia. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15(335), 1–10. https://doi. org/10.1186/s12906-015-0838-6
Ghasemzadeh, A., Jaafar, H. Z. E., Rahmat, A., Wahab, P. E. M., & Halim, M. R. A. (2010). Effect of different light intensities on total phenolics and flavonoids synthesis and anti-oxidant activities in young ginger varieties (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 11, 3885–3897. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijms11103885
Hepworth, C., Doheny-Adams, T., Hunt, L., Cameron, D. D., & Gray, J. E. (2015). Manipulating stomatal density enhances drought tolerance without deleterious effect on nutrient uptake. New Phytologist, 208, 336–341. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13598
Jaafar, F. M., Osman, C. P., Ismail, N. H., & Awang, K. (2007). Analysis of essential oils of leaves, stems, flowers and rhizomes of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith. Malay. J. Anal. Sci., 11(1), 269–273. https://doi.org/mjas/v11_ n1/40_324C2_1-authorformat-1.pdf
Jackie, T., Haleagrahara, N., & Chakravarthi, S. (2011). Antioxidant effects of Etlingera elatior flower extract against lead acetate-induced perturbations in free radical scavenging enzymes and lipid peroxidation in rats. BMC Research Notes, 4(67), 1–8. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/1756-0500-4-67
Júnior, J. M. da S., Paiva, R., Campos, A. C. A. L., Rodrigues, M., Carvalho, M. A. de F., & Otoni, W. C. (2012). Protoplast production and isolation from Etlingera elatior. Acta Scientiarum, 34(4), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v34i1.12309
Khoiroh, Y., Harijati, N., & Mastuti, R. (2014). Pertumbuhan serta hubungan kerapatan stomata dan berat umbi pada Amorphophallus muelleri Blume dan Amorphophallus variabilis Blume. J. Biotrop., 2(5), 249–253. https://doi. org/biotropika.ub.ac.id/index.php/biotropika/article/view/309
Labrooya, C. D., Abdullah, T. L., Abdullah, N. A. P., & Stanslas, J. (2016). Optimum shade enhances growth and 5,7-dimethoxyflavone accumulation in Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 213, 346–353. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.scienta.2016.10.042
Li, T., Kromdijk, J., Heuvelink, E., Noort, F. R. va., Kaiser, E., & Marcelis, L. F. M. (2016). Effects of diffuse light on radiation use efficiency of two Anthurium cultivars depend on the response of stomatal conductance to dynamic light intensity. Front. Plant Sci., 7(56), 1–10. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fpls.2016.00056
Lombardini, L., Restrepo-Diaz, H., & Volder, A. (2009). Photosynthetic light response and epidermal characteristics of sun and shade pecan leaves. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 134(3), 372–378. https://doi.org/ 10.21273/JASHS.134.3.372
Maimulyanti, A., & Prihadi, A. R. (2015). Chemical composition, phytochemical and antioxidant activity from extract of Etlingera elatior flower from Indonesia. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 3(6), 233–238. https://doi.org/phytojournal.com/archives/2015/vol3issue6/PartE/4-1-34. 1.pdf
Montanaro, G., Dichio, B., & Xiloyannis, C. (2009). Shade mitigates photoinhibition and enhances water use efficiency in kiwifruit under drought. Photosynthetica, 47(3), 363–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-009-0057-9
Namdeo, A. G., & Kale, V. M. (2015). Comparative pharmacognostic and phytochemical nvestigation of two Alpinia species from Zingiberaceae family. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(5), 1417–1432.
Padmapriya, S., Chezhiyan, N., & Sathiyamurthy, V. A. (2007). Effect of shade and integrated nutrient management on biochemical constituents of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). J. Hort. Sci., 2(2), 123–129. https://doi.org/sphindia.org/index.php/jhs/article/view/334/332
Ramasamy, S., Mazlan, N. A., Ramli, N. A., Rasidi, W. N. A., & Manickam, S. (2016). Bioactivity and stability studies of anthocyanin-containing extracts from Garcinia mangostana L. and Etlingera elatior Jack. Sains Malay., 45(4), 559–565. https://doi. org/574417c808ae9ace841b4716
Reddy, G. V. S., Rao, B. S., Prasad, B. N., & Rao, S. S. N. M. (2016). Integrated effect of organic manure combined with integrated organic different biofertilizers on growth, yield and yield attributes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cv. Roma under rain fed up lands of Visakhapatnam district. The Bioscan., 11(4), 2601–2604. https:// doi.org/thebioscan.com/supplements/65_5908G.%20V.%20SUBBA%20REDDY-Agro.pdf
Ruamrungsri, S. (2015). The physiology of Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. as a basis for the improvement of ornamental production. Eur. J. Hortic. Sci., 80(6), 316–321. https://doi.org/ 10.17660/eJHS.2015/80.6.7
Sangeetha, K. S., & Subramanian, S. (2015). Evaluation of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) genotypes under coconut ecosystem. The Bioscan., 10(4), 1925–1928. https://doi.org/ thebioscan.in/Journal%20Supplement/104(2)Sup05%20K.%20S.%20SANGEETHA.pdf
Setiawan, E. (2009). Kajian hubungan unsur iklim terhadap produktivitas cabe jamu (Piper retrofractum Vahl) di kabupaten Sumenep. Agrovigor, 2(1), 1–11.
Setiawan, E., Poerwanto, R., Fukuda, F., Sugiyama, N., Saitoh, K., & Kubota, N. (2012). Effect of sector (position in canopy) on allocation of 13C-photosynthates in Mangosteen. J. Agro. Ind., 40(2), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v40i2.6375
Silva, A. R. da, Melo, N. F. de, & Yano-melo, A. M. (2017). Acclimatization of micropropagated plants of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm. inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. South African Journal of Botany, 113, 164–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb. 2017.08.014
Sreelakshmi, V. V., Sruthy, E. P. M., & Shereena, J. (2014). Relationship between the leaf area and taxonomic importance of foliar stomata. International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences, 2(7), 53–60.
Sudhakar, M., & Kumar, S. R. (2013). Influence of spacing and shading on growth performance and yield of heliconium (Heliconia sp.) cv. golden torch. Plant Archives, 13(1), 59–61.
Sundari, T., & Atmaja, R. P. (2011). Bentuk sel epidermis, tipe dan indeks stomata 5 genotipe kedelai pada tingkat naungan berbeda. J. Bio. Ind., 7(1), 67–79. https://doi.org/e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/jurnal_biologi_indonesia/article/viewFile/3129/2716
Susanti, D., Awang, N. A., Qaralleh, H., Mohamed, H. I. S., & Attoumani, N. (2013). Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oil of Malaysian Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith flower. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 16(2), 294–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 0972060X.2013.793968
Tachai, S., & Nuntawong, N. (2016). Uncommon secondary metabolites from Etlingera pavieana rhizomes. Natural Product Research, 6419, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2016.1146884
Zoghbi, M. G. B., & Andrade, E. H. A. (2005). Volatiles of the Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm. and Zingiber spectabile Griff.: two Zingiberaceae cultivated in the Amazon. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17(2), 209–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412 905.2005.9698878
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exlusive right and licence of first publication for the full legal term of copyright with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- Authors also grant any third party the right to use the articles freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
- Jurnal Agro is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author’s responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author
- The corresponding author must sign the License to Publish Agreement Form at the time of submission of his/her manuscript.
Jurnal Agro (J. Agro: ISSN 2407-7993) by http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Â
