Kesaksian Tunggal Perempuan Dalam Hadis Nabi SAW: Urgensi Implementasi Pada Korban Kekerasan Seksual

Main Article Content

Siti Aisyah
Ibnu Hajar Ansori
Abdillah Mustari

Abstract

Hadith as a source of Islamic teachings is permitted to apply in responding contemporary issues such as sexual violence in which women are generally victimized. Cultural and social values or religious understandings often put women in the secondary position including being witness. Female witness should be two people compared to their male counterparts which are one. There is no room for them to have equal number with men, but hadith is clearly stated that women can be a primary witness which was initially occurred in the breastfeeding case. It is, therefore, the significant question is that why this hadith cannot be applied in sexual violence against women due to the facts that these are serious problems both in the global world and Indonesia. This research is qualitative using textual, intertexts and even contextual analysis in understanding the hadith and connecting to social and cultural context of sexual violence against women. The research shows that although there are clear qur’anic messages with respect to men and women of being witness (Q.S. Al-Baqarah: 282), woman can become a primary witness based on this hadith. The inclusive hadith is not contradictory with the qur’anic message because the conditions are different.

Article Details

Section
Articles
Author Biography

Siti Aisyah, (Sinta ID : 6054300) Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Sinta Profile

References

Abu Syuqqah, Abdul Halim. ‘Tahrirul Mar’ah fi Asr ar-Risalah’, diterjemahkan Kebebasan Perempuan. Cet. II, Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 1999

Ahmad, Laila. Women and Gender in Islam. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992

Aisyah, S., & Parker, L. (2014). Problematic Conjugations: Women’s Agency, Marriage and Domestic Violence in Indonesia. Asian Studies Review, 38(2), 205–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2014.899312

Aisyah, S. (2012). Rereading Patriarchal Interpretations On The Qur’an From Hadith Perspective In The Eve Of Law No. 23/2004 On The Elimination Of Domestic Violence. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 6(1), 48-75.

Ali, Shaheen Sardar. Gender and Human Rights in Islam and International Law: Equal Before Allah, Unequal Before Man?. Leiden: Kluwer Law International, 2000

Aravik, Havis dkk, Critical Study on the Legal Thinking of Muhammad Sharur, Ahkam, 2018, Vol.18 (1), h.43-64;

Asad, Muhammad. The Message of the Qur’an Gibraltar, 1980

‘AsqalÄnÄ«, AbÅ« al-Faá¸l Aḥmad bin ‘AlÄ« bin Ḥajar, al Iá¹£Äbah fÄ« TamyÄ«z al-á¹¢aḥÄbah, tahqÄ«q ‘AbdullÄh bin ‘Abd al-Muḥsin al-TurkÄ«. Cet. I; Kairo: Markaz Hijr li al-Buḥūṡ wa al-DirÄsÄt al-‘Arabiyyah al-IslÄmiyyah, 1429 H./2008 M.

Asriaty, Asriaty. "Kontroversi Kesaksian Perempuan Dalam Qs Al-Baqarah (2): 282 Antara Makna Normatif Dan Substantif Dengan Pendekatan Hukum Islam." YUDISIA: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum dan Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (2016): 175-198.

‘AsqalÄnÄ«, AbÅ« al-Faá¸l Aḥmad bin ‘AlÄ« bin Ḥajar al-. Tahẓīb al-Tahẓīb. Cet. I; Beirut:Muassasah al-RisÄlah, 1435 H./2014 M.

‘AwwÄmah, Muḥammad. Aṡar al-Ḥadīṡ al-SyarÄ«f fÄ« IkhtilÄf al-Aimmah al-FuqayÄ Radiya AllÄh ‘anhum. Cet. II; Beirut: DÄr al-SalÄm, 1407 H./1987 M.

BaihaqÄ«, AbÅ« Bakr Aḥmad bin Ḥusain bin ‘AlÄ« al-. al-Sunan al-KubrÄ, taḥqÄ«q Muḥammad ‘Abd al-QÄdir ‘Aá¹­Ä. Beirut: DÄr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1434 H./2003 M.

Barazangi, N. H. (2003). Book Review of: Gender and Human Rights in Islam and International Law: Equal Before Allah, Unequal Before Man? by Shaheen Sardar Ali.

BukhÄrÄ«, Muḥammad bin IsmÄ’īl bin IbrÄhÄ«m bin al-MughÄ«rah bin Bardizbah, AbÅ« ‘AbdillÄh al-. á¹¢aḥīḥ al-BukhÄrÄ«. Cet. II; Kairo: Jam’iyyah al-Maknaz al-IslÄmÄ«, 2018.

DÄruquá¹­nÄ«, ‘AlÄ« bin ‘Umar al-. Sunan al-DÄruquá¹­nÄ«, taḥqÄ«q ‘Ādil Aḥmad ‘Abd al-MaujÅ«d dkk. Beirut: DÄr al-Ma’rifah, 1422 H./2001 M.

Emerick, Y The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Understanding Islam, 2nd edn., Penguin Group, USA, 2004

Fadel, Mohammad. ‘Two Women, One Man: Knowledge, Power and Gender, dalam Mideaval Sunni Legal Thought’, International Journal Middle East Studies, 1997 Vol. 29, h. 185-204

Hakim, Luqman al- BulÅ«gh al-Umniyyah Sharḥ al-MandhÅ«mah al-BaiqÅ«niyyah. Kairo: DÄr al-Baá¹£air, 2017.

Ibnu Hanbal, Aḥmad bin Muḥammad. Musnad Aḥmad, tahqÄ«q Syu’aib al-Arnauá¹­ dkk. Cet. I; Muassasah al-RisÄlah, 1419 H./1999 M. Juz.26

Rusyd, Bidayat al-Mujtahid, Juz II. Jeddah: Al-Haramain, tth.

Juwita, D. R. (2015). Kesaksian Perempuan Menurut Asghar Ali Engineer; Studi Analisis Perspektif Fiqh. An-Nuha: Jurnal Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Budaya & Sosial, 2(2, Desember), 263-282.

KÅ«fÄ«, AbÅ« Bakr bin ‘AbdillÄh bin Muḥammad bin AbÄ« Syaibah al-. Muá¹£annaf Ibni AbÄ« Syaibah, taḥqÄ«q Muḥammad ‘AwwÄmah. Cet. I; Beirut: DÄr Qurá¹­ubah, 1427 H./2006 M.

Marhumah, Ema. â€Kesaksian Perempuan dalam Hadis Nabi: Melihat Potret Sejarah Islamâ€, in Siti Ruhaini Dzuhayatin, et.al, Menuju Hukum Keluarga Progresif, Responsif Gender, dan Akomodatif Hak Anak, Yogyakarta: SUKA-Press, 2016

MizzÄ«, AbÅ« al-ḤajjÄj JamÄluddÄ«n bin YÅ«suf bin ‘AbdirraḥmÄn Al-. Tahẓīb al-KamÄl fÄ« AsmÄ al-RijÄl. Beirut: DÄr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2004.

Mustaqim, Abdul. ‘Teori Hudud Muhammad Syahrur dan Kontribusinya dalam Penafsiran Alquran’, Jurnal AL QUDS (Vol 1 (1), 2017, h. 1-26

NaisÄbÅ«rÄ«, AbÅ« ‘AbdillÄh Muḥammad bin ‘AbdillÄh al-ḤÄkim al-. al-Mustadrak ‘alÄ al-á¹¢aḥīḥain, taḥqÄ«q MuṣṭafÄ â€˜Abd al-QÄdir ‘Aá¹­Ä. Beirut: DÄr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1422 H./2002 M.

NaisÄbÅ«rÄ« , Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin al-Mundhir, al-Ijmâ’, dalam Fuad ‘Abd al-Mun’im Ahmad (Ed.), T.tp.: Dâr al-Muslim li al-Nasyr wa al-Tawzî’, 2004.

NasÄ’ī, AbÅ« ‘AbdirraḥmÄn Aḥmad bin Syu’aib bin ‘AlÄ« bin Sinan al-. Sunan al-NasÄ’ī. Cet. II; Kairo: Jam’iyyah al-Maknaz al-IslÄmÄ«, 2018.

NÅ«rÄ«, Sayyid AbÅ« al-Mu’Äá¹­Ä« al-. Mausū’ah AqwÄl al-ImÄm aḥmad bin Ḥanbal fÄ« RijÄl al-Ḥadīṡ wa ‘IlalihÄ«. Beirut: ‘Ālam al-Kutub, 1417 H.

QÄsimÄ«, Muḥammad JamÄl al-DÄ«n al- QawÄ’id al-Taḥdīṡ min FunÅ«n Muṡṭalaḥ al-Ḥadīṡ. BeirÅ«t: DÄr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, t.th.

Sakhawi, Syamsuddin Abi al-Khair Muhammad bin Abdirrahman al-. Fatḥ al-Mughīṡ bi Syarḥ Alfiyah al-Ḥadīṡ li al-‘IrÄqÄ«, tahqiq ‘AlÄ« ‘Abd al-BÄsiá¹­ MazÄ«d. Cet. I; Kairo: Maktabah al-ĪmÄn, 1437 H./2016 M.

á¹¢an’ÄnÄ«, AbÅ« Bakr ‘Abd al-RazzÄq bin HammÄm al-. al-Muá¹£annaf, taḥqÄ«q ḤabÄ«b al-RaḥmÄn al-A’ẓamÄ«. Cet. II; Beirut: al-Maktabah al-Maktab al-IslÄmÄ«, 1403 H./1983 M.

Shalahuddin, H. (2016). Konsep Kesetaraan dalam Kesaksian Perempuan: Antara Perspektif Wahyu dan Perspektif Gender. TSAQAFAH, 12 (2), 369-386.

Smith, P. S. (2003). Silent witness: Discrimination against women in the Pakistani law of evidence. Tul. J. Int'l & Comp. L., 11, 21.

Syahrur, Muhammad. Al-Kitab wa al-Qur’an: Qira’ah al-Mu’asirah. Damaskus: Al-Ahalli li al-Thiba’ah wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi’, 1991

Sya

Suyūmsuddin, Sahiron. Metodologi Fikih Islam Kontemporer. Jogjakarta: Elsaq Press, 2004

á¹­Ä«, JalÄl al-DÄ«n al-. TÄrÄ«kh al-KhulafÄ. Qatar: WizÄrah al-AuqÄf wa al-Syu’ūn al-IslÄmiyyah, 1434 H/2013 M.

Syafe’i, A. M. (2016). Dekontruksi Pasal 25 Kompilasi Hukum Islam Tentang Kesaksian Perempuan dalam Perkawinan. Medina-Te: Jurnal Studi Islam, 12(2), 195-210.

Puyu, Darsul S. Perempuan, Anda tidak Dibenci Nabi Muhammad saw (Meluruskan Pemahaman Hadis yang Bias Gender), (Makassar: Alauddin University Press, 2013

Tirmiẓī, Muḥammad bin ‘ĪsÄ al-. Sunan al-Tirmiẓī. Cet. II; Kairo: Jam’iyyah al-Maknaz al-IslÄmÄ«, 2018.

al-Wahid, Mustafa Abd. Al-Islam wa al-Musykillah al-Jinsiyyah. Kairo: Dar al-I’thisam,tth.

Wensinck, A. J. al-Mu‘jam al-Mufahras li AlfÄdh al-Ḥadīṡ al-NabawÄ«, tahqÄ«q Muḥammad FuÄd ‘Abd al-BÄqi. Brill: Leiden, 1943.

Wensinck, A. J. MiftÄḥ KunÅ«z al-Sunnah, tahqÄ«q Muḥammad FuÄd ‘Abd al-BÄqÄ«. Lahor: IdÄrah TarjumÄn al-Sunnah, 1978.

ẒahabÄ«, SyamsuddÄ«n Muḥammad bin Aḥmad bin ‘UṡmÄn al-. Siyar A’lÄm al-NubalÄ, taḥqÄ«q BassyÄr bin ‘AwÄd. Cet. I; Beirut: Muassasah al-RisÄlah, 1996