Thematic Analysis of the Hadith ‘Innamā al-Bay’ ‘an Tarāḍin’ on Vending Machine Transactions within the Framework of Hadith al-Ahkam
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract : In this contemporary era, the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has brought significant changes to economic transaction patterns, ranging from electronic commerce systems to digital financial services. One prominent example is the vending machine. A vending machine is an automated device commonly found in various countries, including Indonesia, particularly in public areas. In its operation, the buyer does not directly interact with the seller but simply inserts a certain amount of money into the machine. The presence of AI-driven automation raises several ethical and legal questions, particularly concerning the principle of mutual consent (tarāḍī), which is a fundamental requirement for a valid sale, as stated in the Hadith al-Aḥkām: “Innamā al-bay‘‘an tarāḍin”. This article aims to examine the relevance of this hadith to AI-based transactional practices through a thematic (mawḍū‘ī) approach. The research employs a qualitative method using library research, analyzing classical and contemporary literature on Hadith al-Aḥkām and current scholarly works within the context of modern Islamic discourse. The findings indicate that although AI-mediated transactions operate automatically, the principle of mutual consent can still be fulfilled as long as there is prior agreement, transparency of information, and fairness between the contracting parties. Hence, the hadith provides a normative foundation that the validity of a transaction does not depend on direct human involvement in every stage, but rather on the mutual satisfaction (riḍā) of both parties bound by the contract.
Keywords: Hadith al-Aḥkām, contract (‘aqd), vending machine.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Agustin, D., Khairunnisya, N., Bahar, A., Khadafi, T., & Choiriyah, C. (2025). Konsep dan implementasi akad jual beli dalam lembaga keuangan syariah: Memahami pondasi rukun dan syarat yang mewujudkan keadilan. EKOMAN: Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Manajemen, 3(1), 227–242. https://doi.org/10.61930/ekoman.v3i1.295
Al-Albānī, M. N. (n.d.). Ṣaḥīḥ Sunan Ibn Mājah (No. 1792). Maktab al-Tarbiya al-’Arabī li-Duwal al-Khalīj.
Alamsyah, M. F., Yayuli, & Remanda, A. (2026). Ethics of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the paradigm of Islamic law. Solo
International Collaboration and Publication of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(1), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.61455/sicopus.v4i01.393
Al-Bayhaqī, A. (n.d.). Al-Sunan al-kubrā (Vol. 6, p. 17). Majlis Dāʾirat al-Ma’ārif al-’Uthmāniyya.
Al-Bukhārī, M. I. (n.d.). Al-Tārīkh al-kabīr (Vol. 4, p. 278). Dāʾirat al-Ma’ārif al-’Uthmāniyya.
Al-Nawawī, Y. (n.d.). Al-Majmū’ sharḥ al-Muhadhdhab; Rawḍat al-ṭālibīn. Dār al-Fikr.
Arasy, S. A. (2025). Penerapan FSA pada sistem vending machine alat tulis dan perlengkapan kantor. JTT (Jurnal Teknologi Terpadu), 13(1), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.32487/jtt.v13i1.2396
Arsyad, I., Kharisma, D. B., & Wiwoho, J. (2025). Artificial intelligence and Islamic finance industry: Problems and oversight. International Journal of Law and Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-07-2024-0236
Atikah. (2025). Revitalisasi studi hadis tematik: Upaya menjawab tantangan zaman. Al-Hasyimi: Jurnal Ilmu Hadis, 2(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.63398/c7x98m03
Ayu Setiana Sari. (2016). Jual beli menggunakan vending machine perspektif hukum ekonomi syariah [Undergraduate thesis]. STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro.
Aziz, M. A. (2024). Analisis keabsahan vending machine dalam transaksi perspektif hukum positif dan hukum Islam. Journal of Islamic Business Law, 8(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.18860/jibl.v8i1.7020
B, E. W., & Ridlowi, A. (2023). Konsep jual beli menggunakan mesin penjual otomatis (vending machine) perspektif Wahbah al-Zuhaili. Jurnal Al Tarmasi, 1(1), 50–60.
Dewan Syariah Nasional–Majelis Ulama Indonesia. (2017). Fatwa No. 116/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 tentang uang elektronik syariah. DSN-MUI.
Elmahjub, E. (2023). Artificial intelligence (AI) in Islamic ethics: Towards pluralist ethical benchmarking for AI. Philosophy & Technology, 36(4), 73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00668-x
Fithrul Laili. (2022). Akad jual beli pada mekanisme kerja vending machine menurut fiqh muamalah [master’s thesis, UIN Ar-Raniry]. http://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id
Freitas, B. A. T. de, & Lotufo, R. de A. (2024). Retail-GPT: Leveraging retrieval augmented generation (RAG) for building e-commerce chat assistants (arXiv:2408.08925). arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.08925
Guna, F. A., & Fanani, A. B. (2025). Peran AI (artificial intelligence) dalam transaksi digital perspektif fikih muamalah. HUKUMAH: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 8(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.55403/hukumah.v8i1.1092
Gustin, M., & Yazid, M. (2025). Penerapan kaidah al-umūru bi maqāṣidihā dalam penentuan hak kepemilikan di muamalah kontemporer perspektif Imam al-Ghazali dan Yusuf al-Qaradawi. MUTLAQAH: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Syariah, 6(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.30743/mutlaqah.v6i1.11877
Haqiqy, M. S. A. (2024). Hadits sebagai salah satu sumber hukum Islam yang muttafaq. Maliki Interdisciplinary Journal, 2(8), 445–452.
Haqiqy, M. S. A. (2024). Hadits sebagai salah satu sumber hukum Islam yang muttafaq. Maliki Interdisciplinary Journal, 2(8), 445–452.
Hidayanti, N. F., Ariani, Z., Z, S. Z. S., & Syaharuddin, S. (2025). The integration of artificial intelligence in Islamic financial services: A review on digital innovation for sharia financial inclusion. Integrating Religion, Social Economy, and Law: Conference Series, 1(1), 8–17.
Ibn Ḥibbān, M. (n.d.). Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Ḥibbān (No. 4967). Muʾassasat al-Risāla.
Ibn Mājah, M. Y. (n.d.). Sunan Ibn Mājah: Kitāb al-tijārāt (Hadith No. 2185). Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-’Arabiyya.
Ibn Qudāmah, M. A. (n.d.). Al-Mughnī. Maktabat al-Qāhira.
Imam Mustofa. (2013). Ijtihad kontemporer menuju fiqih kontekstual. Rajawali Press.
Mughits, A. (2017). Penerapan prinsip at-tarāḍīn dalam akad-akad muamalat. Aplikasia: Jurnal Aplikasi Ilmu-Ilmu Agama, 17(1), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.14421/aplikasia.v17i1.1377
Muzaini, M. C., & Arif, M. (2023). Sumber pokok hukum Islam (analisis al-Qur’an dan al-hadis). Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 9(5), 3613–3627. https://doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v9i5.2347
Nashwan, A. J. (2025). Data endowment as a digital waqf: An Islamic ethical framework for AI development. Philosophy & Technology, 38(2), 74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-025-00905-5
Neni Hardiati. (n.d.). The phenomenon of new money exchange ahead of Eid al-Fitr: Analysis of DSN-MUI fatwa on buying and selling currencies (sharf). Journal of Sharia Economics Scholar, 2, 21–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11204920
Pirdayanti, Y., & Abdal. (2023). Subjek hukum dalam ekonomi syariah. At-Tahdzib: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Muamalah, 11(1).
Putri, M. A., Elviandri, E., & Pratama, R. A. (2025). Analisis yuridis terhadap penggunaan artificial intelligence (AI) dalam transaksi bisnis online pada aspek privasi data dan keamanan konsumen. AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia, 4(2), 2054–2066. https://doi.org/10.57235/aurelia.v4i2.5439
Rifkiyal. (n.d.). Bolehkah makan dulu di warung makan baru bayar kemudian? PISS-KTB. https://www.piss-ktb.com/2020/02/5796-bolehkah-makan-dulu-di-warung.html
Sakti, F. H., Setiawan, D., & Calam, A. (2021). Rancang bangun sistem vending machine pembuat minuman otomatis dengan teknik counter berbasis mikrokontroler. Jurnal Cyber Tech, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.53513/jct.v1i3.2414
Sanjaya, M. I. (2022). Kerelaan dalam transaksi jual beli menurut teks ayat dan hadis ahkam jual beli (telaah yuridis dan sosiologis). SENTRI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, 1(2), 587–595.
Sujana, D., Hanipah, A., Agustina, E. D., S, S., & Aulia, Y. (2019). Analisis vending machine menggunakan metode finite state automata (FSA) di Gedung Lama Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf Tangerang. UNISTEK, 6(1), 19–20. https://doi.org/10.33592/unistek.v6i1.169
Syamsuddini, M. N. (2022). Konsep al-maṣlaḥat al-mursalah menurut Imam al-Ghazali dan Imam Malik. Al-Yasini: Jurnal Keislaman, Sosial, Hukum dan Pendidikan, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.55102/alyasini.v7i2.4691
UU No. 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. (2008). JDIH BPK. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/37589/uu-no-11-tahun-2008
UU No. 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas UU No. 11 Tahun 2008. (2016). JDIH BPK. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/37582/uu-no-19-tahun-2016
UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. (1999). JDIH BPK. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/45288/uu-no-8-tahun-1999
Zhang, J., Zhao, W., Cheng, B., Li, A., Wang, Y., Yang, N., & Tian, Y. (2022). The impact of digital economy on the economic growth and the development strategies in the post-COVID-19 era: Evidence from countries along the “Belt and Road.” Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.856142