Struktur Komunitas Fitoplankton pada Berbagai Kedalaman di Pantai Timur Pananjung Pangandaran
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v2i1.1290Keywords:
Coscinodiscus sp., fitoplankton, Pantai Pangandaran, struktur komunitas.Abstract
Struktur komunitas fitoplankton pada suatu ekosistem perairan sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan. Studi mengenai struktur komunitas fitoplankton di Pantai Timur Pananjung Pangandaran pada berbagai kedalaman yang dihubungan dengan faktor fisikokimia lingkungan telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode survei. Sampel fitoplankton dan air diambil selama tiga hari berturut-turut pada empat kedalaman yang berbeda dengan interval kedalaman masing-masing tiga meter. Faktor fisikokimia yang dianalisis ialah temperatur, pH, transparansi, salinitas, konduktivitas, DO, BOD, CO2 dan HCO3-. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Pantai Timur Pananjung Pangandaran ditemukan 15 jenis fitoplankton dari lima kelas yaitu Coleophyceae, Dinophyceae, Oligotrichea, Coscinodiscophyceae, dan Bacillariophyceae. Jenis fitoplankton yang mendominasi bagian permukaan ialah Navicula sp. dari kelas Dinophyceae sedangkan pada kedalaman 3, 6, dan 9 meter didominasi oleh jenis fitoplankton yang sama yaitu Coscinodiscus sp. dari kelas Coscinodiscophyceae. Secara umum, kelimpahan jenis fitoplankton tertinggi ialah pada kedalaman tiga meter yang didukung oleh kondisi lingkungan yang optimal disertai penetrasi cahaya matahari yang cukup. Berdasarkan analisis PCA, kedalaman tersebut dikarakterisasi terutama oleh Coscinodiscus sp. dan DO. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan indeks diversitas Shannon-Wiener Pantai Timur Pananjung Pangandaran termasuk ke dalam perairan tercemar ringan.    Â
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