Effect of Calina Papaya Leaves Extract on Respiratory Tract in Cigarette Smoke Exposed Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v7i2.19068Keywords:
antioxidants, Calina papaya, ciggarette smoke, lung, tracheaAbstract
Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals that cause health problems throughout the world. Indonesia is a country that has many sources of natural antioxidants in counteracting free radicals, one of which is Calina papaya leaves. The study aimed to determine the potential of Calina papaya leaves antioxidants in improving the respiratory organs of Wistar rats after being exposed to cigarette smoke. The study using 25 male Wistar rats consisted of Control (not exposed to cigarette smoke and given distilled water), KN (cigarette smoke and given distilled water), P1 (cigarette smoke and Calina Papaya Leaves Ethanolic extracts (CPLE) 100 mg/kg BW), P2 (cigarette smoke and CPLE 200 mg/kg BW), and P3 (cigarette smoke and given CPLE 300 mg/kg BW). Exposure to cigarette smoke and administration of extracts was carried out for 21 days. On day 22, the rats were euthanized and dissected to remove the lungs and trachea. Organs were prepared using the paraffin method and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Parameters consisted of histopathological observations of the lungs and trachea. All data parameters were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test and Duncan's advanced test (p<0.05). The results showed that there was an improvement in histopathology of the lungs and trachea at a dose of 200 mg/Kg BW compared to other doses (p<0.05). The study showed that the Calina papaya leaves ethanolic extracts have the potential as a source of antioxidants in improving the respiratory organs of Wistar rats after being exposed to cigarette smoke.
References
Abdelmohsen, U. R. ,Matthias S., Eman, M. O., Tanja, S., Stephanie, G., Helga, S. & Ute, H. (2012). Antioxidant and Anti-Protease Activities of Diazepinomicin from the Sponge Associated Micromonospora Strain RV115. Journal Marine Drugs, 10(8), 2208-2221. DOI: 10.3390/md10102208.
Angelis, N., Porpodis, K., Zarogoulidis, P., Spyratos, D., Kioumis, I., & Papaiwannou, A. (2014). Airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 6(1), 167-72. DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.03.07.
Ardy, C., Hamid I. S., Yudhana, A., Widjiati, Purnama M. T. E. & Fikri, F. (2020). Pengaruh Paparan Uap Rokok Elektrik Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Organ Pulmo Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus). Jurnal Medik Veteriner, 3(4), 38-44. DOI: 10.20473/jmv.vol3.iss1.2020.38-44.
Gershon, A., Hwee J., Victor, J. C., Wilton, A., Wu R., Day, A. & To, T. (2015) Mortality trends in women and men with COPD in Ontario, Canada, 1996-2012. Thorax, 70(2), 121-126. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205956.
Hardiningtyas, S. D., Purwaningsih, S. & Handharyani, E. (2014). Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Efek Hepatoprotektif Daun Bakau Api-Api Putih. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 17(1), 80-91. DOI: 10.17844/jphpi.v17i1.8140.
Hu, Y., Xu, J., & Hu, Q. (2013). Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) extracts. Journal Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 5(1), 7788-7791. DOI: 10.1021/jf034255i
Huriyati, N. A., & Amareta, D.I. (2020) Kebiasaan Merokok Menurunkan Nafsu Makan Buruh Batako. Jurnal Kesehatan, 8(1), 55-62. DOI: 10.25047/j-kes.v8i1.64.
Idrus, H. R. (2014). Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bawang Mekah (Eleutherine americana Merr.) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Paru-Paru Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Jantan Pasca Paparan Asap Rokok. Jurnal Mahasiswa Farmasi Fakultas Kedokteran UNTAN, 1(1), 1-13. DOI: 10.33096/jffi.v1i2.190.
Irwani, N., & Candra, A. A. (2016). Ekstrak Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot) pada Ayam Broiler Gedi Leaf Extract (Abelmoschus manihot) on Broilers. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Politeknik Negeri Lampung, 8 September 2016. Hlm 281-285. DOI: DOI: 10.25181/prosemnas.v0i0.490.
Iskandar, D., Erdiandini, I. & Deonesia, M. (2020). Uji Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Metanol Daun Pepaya (Carica Pepaya L.) Terhadap Colletotrichum Gloesporioides Penyebab Penyakit Antroknosa pada Tanaman Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.). Jurnal Teknologi Technoscientia, 12(2), 184-188. DOI: DOI: 10.34151/technoscientia.v12i2.2807.
Kemenkes, R. I. (2018). Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018. Jakarta : Balitbang Kemenkes RI.
Kristiawan, I. K. A., Suarni, Ni, M. R. & Yulihastuti, D. A. (2017). Struktur Histologi Trakea Tikus Putih (Rattus sp.) yang Terpapar Asap Rokok Setelah Diberi Ekstrak Buah Juwet (Syzygium cumini L.). Jurnal Simbiosis, 5(1), 11-15. DOI: 10.24843/JSIMBIOSIS.2017.v05.i01.p03.
Membri, D. K., Yudistira, A. & Abdullah, S.S. (2021). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Spons Liosina Paradoxa yang Dikoleksi Dari Pulau Mantehage. Jurnal Pharmacon Program Studi Farmasi, Fmipa, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, 10(2), 774-779. DOI: 10.35799/pha.10.2021.34024.
Nugroho, B. H., & Sari N. P. (2018). Formulation of Self Nano Emulsifiying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Karamunting Leaf Extract (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk). Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 14(1), 1-8. DOI: 10.20885/jif.vol14.iss1.art01.
Nurliani, A., Santoso, H. B. & Rusmiati. (2012). Efek Antioksidan Ekstrak Bulbus Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) pada Gambaran Histopatologis Paru-paru Tikus yang Dipapar Asap Rokok. Jurnal Bioscintiae, 9(1), 60–69. Retrived from https://repo-dosen.ulm.ac.id//handle/123456789/10950.
Pratiwi, I. N., Aligita, W. & Kaniawati, M. (2021). A Study Of Antioxidant Potential from Herbal Plants and The Effects on Parkinson’s Disease. Scientific Journal of Pharmacy, 17(1), 80-95. DOI: 10.20885/jif.vol17.iss1.art9.
Purlinda, D. E., Simanjutak S. B. I. & Saryono. (2020). Potensi Jus Buah Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Mencegah Nefrotoksisitas pada Tikus Wistar yang Terpapar Pb Asetat. A Scientific Journal, 37(2), 97-105. DOI: 10.20884/1.mib.2020.37.2.860.
Rahma, F., Martha, A. & Binar, P. (2019). Pengaruh Pemberian Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomea batatas L.Poir) terhadap Kadar Leukosit Total Tikus strain wistar Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang Dipapar Asap Rokok. Journal of Nutrition College, 8(2), 65-72. DOI: 10.14710/jnc.v8i2.23815.
Rousdy, D. W., Wardoyo, E. R. P. & Ifadatin, S. (2022). Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bajakah Stem (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) Ethanolic Extract in Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema Mice. Jurnal Biodjati, 7(1), 66–74. DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v7i1.14126.
Russi, E. W., Karrer, W., Brutsche, M., Eich, C., Fitting, J. W., Frey, M., Geiser, T., Kuhn, M., Nicod, L., Quadri, F. F., Rochat, T., Steurer, S. C. & Stolz D. (2013). Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Swiss Guidelines. Respiration, 85(2), 160-174. DOI: 10.1159/000346025.
Setiawan, H., Maliza, R., Maulana, S. A. & Hisbullah, M. I. (2020). The Effect of Coffee Fruit
Skin Extract on Sperm Characteristics and Testicular of Mice with Ethanol-Induced. Jurnal Biodjati, 5(2), 259-270. DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v5i2.9280.
Setiawan, H., Wulandari, S.W., Agustina, E.D. (2021a). Antispermatogenic Activity of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Calina Papaya on Seminiferous Tubules Wistar Rats. Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan. 15(1), 21-26. DOI: 10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v15i1.18435.
Setiawan, H., Wulandari, S.W., Nurwidyantary, F.E., Dewantari. 1. (2021b). The Effects of Calina Papaya Leaf Ethanol Extract On Estrus Cycle And Uterus Morphology of Wistar Rats. Biosaintifika 13(3), 305-312. DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i3.31343.
Setiawan, H., Wulandari, S.W., Fitryani, A.N. (2021c). Potensi Imunomodulator Herbal Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya Varietas Calina terhadap Struktur Jaringan Limpa Tikus Putih Galur Wistar. Jurnal Veteriner. 22(4), 531-539. DOI: 10.19087/jveteriner.2021.22.4.531.
Silva, M. & Bercik, P. (2012). Blood, Lymphatics, Immune System and Stem Cells. Laboratory Invertigation, 92, 937-948.
Suryadinata, R. V. (2018). Pengaruh Radikal Bebas Terhadap Proses Inflamasi pada Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK). Jurnal Amerta Nutrition, 1(2), 317-324. DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v2i4.2018.317-324.
Suryadinata, R. V. Wirjatmadi., B. & Adriani M. (2016). Pengaruh Perubahan Hiperplasia Sel Goblet selama 28 hari paparan asap rokok dengan pemberian antioksidan superoxide Dismutase. The Indonesian Journal of Public Health, 11(1), 60-67. DOI: 10.20473/ijph.v11i1.2016.60-68.
Tohomi, K. L., Iswahyudi, & Sri, W. (2014). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Buas-Buas (Premma cordifolia Linn.) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Paru Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Jantan Pasca Paparan Asap Rokok. Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2(4), 212-224. DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v2i4.67.
WHO. (2019). Global Youth Tobacco Survey: Fact Indonesia Sheet 2019. Retrieved from https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/searo/tobacco/global-youth-tobacco-survey/gyts-indonesia-extended-factsheet.pdf?sfvrsn=d202f34f_3 accessed on October 11, 2022.
Wira, A., Winaya, I. B. O., & Adi, A. A. A. M. (2018). Perubahan Histopatologi Trakea Mencit Jantan Pascapaparan Asap Rokok Elektrik. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus, 7(4), 422-433. DOI: 10.19087/imv.2018.7.4.422.
Yatalaththov, F. G., Maliza, R., Setiawan H., Utami, L. B. (2021). The Effect of Coffee Arabica (Coffea arabica L.) Fruit Skin Extracts on Small Intestine Morphometry of mice (Mus musculus L.) with Ethanol-Induced. Jurnal Bioscience. 5(1), 21-31. DOI: 10.24036/0202151111571-0-00.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Attribution:
Â
Copyright of published in Jurnal Biodjati is held by the journal under Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC-ND) copyright. The journal lets others distribute and copy the article, create extracts, abstracts, and other revised versions, adaptations or derivative works of or from an article (such as an tranlation), include in collective works (such as an anrhology), text or data mine the article, as long as they credit the author(s), do not represent the author as endorsing their adaptation of the article and do not modify the article in such a way as to damage the author's honor or reputation.
Permissions:
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere and by other authors are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate of one of the authors.
Ethical matters:
Experiments with animals or involving human patients must have had prior approval from the appropriate ethics committee. A statement to this effect should be provided within the text at the appropriate place. Experiments involving plants or microorganisms taken from countries other than the authors’ own must have had the correct authorization for this exportation.
