Paran, Ishmael, and the Relationship between Judaism and Islam: A Philological Study of Bereshīt 21:21
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/hanifiya.v8i2.33498Keywords:
Ishma'el, Genesis, philology, Paran, JudaismAbstract
This research seeks to provide a detailed analysis of the importance of Paran (פָּארָן), a desert mentioned in the Tanakh, the sacred text of Judaism, specifically in the Book of Genesis (Bereshīt/ בְּרֵאשִׁית) Article 21 Verse 21, through a Philological Study. Philology is a method used in the study of theology and religion to analyze the linguistic structure and meaning of religious texts. This involves comparing a text with other texts that may have different linguistic characteristics. In this particular research, three different text sources for Bereshīt 21: 21 will be examined: the Tanakh in Hebrew, the Targum in Aramaic, and the Samaritan version of the Torah in Judeo-Arabic. This research establishes that Paran now refers to a region denoting the location of the Hijaz or the Arabian plains. Several Turāts studies have revealed a clear correlation between the traditions of Judaism and Islam. This study has created possibilities for additional investigations into the predictions of Ishma'el, the offspring of Abraham, within the traditions of both religions.
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Ibn Ezra on Genesis 16:12:1. (n.d.). Retrieved 24 January 2024, from https://www.sefaria.org/Ibn_Ezra_on_Genesis.16.12.1
Jastrow, M. (1950). A Dictionary of the Targumim. New York: Pardes Pub. House.
Johansson, K. G. (2017). Intertextuality and the Oral Continuum: The Multidisciplinary Challenge to Philology. In Philology Matters! (pp. 35–57). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004349568_004
John Peile. (1880). Philology. London, Macmillan. Retrieved from http://archive.org/details/philology00peiluoft
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Lee, T.-J. (2023). Where is the God of Seeing Today? – Reading the Story of Hagar from a Postcolonial Feminist Perspective (Thesis). Retrieved from https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/128823
Maher, M. (Ed.). (1992). Targum Pseudo-Jonathan: Genesis. Collegeville, Minn: Liturgical Pr.
Maimonides, M. (2002). The Guide for the Perplexed (M. Friedländer, Trans.). Skokie, Ill.: Varda Books.
Maulana, A. M. R., Camila, M., Putri, M. I., Hafitzah, N., & Sidqi, N. L. (2023). Torah sebagai Kitab Suci Yudaisme: Konsep dan klasifikasi. Abrahamic Religions: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama, 3(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.22373/arj.v3i1.15049
McAuliffe, J. D. (1996). The Quranic context of Muslim biblical scholarship. Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, 7(2), 141–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596419608721076
Menachem Ali & Etika Noor. (2022). Ishmael & Syu’aib || Nabi Arab dalam Quran dan Alkitab. Indonesia: Menachem Ali Official (The Yeshiva Institute).
Menoah, H. ben. (2013). Chizkuni חזקוני Genesis 21: 21 (E. Munk, Trans.). Retrieved 3 January 2024, from https://www.sefaria.org/Chizkuni?tab=contents
Miller, M. (1997). Ancient Moab: Still Largely Unknown. The Biblical Archaeologist, 60(4), 194–204. https://doi.org/10.2307/3210621
Moyise, S. (2002). Intertextuality and Biblical Studies: A Review. Verbum et Ecclesia, 23(2), 418–431. https://doi.org/10.4102/ve.v23i2.1211
Moyise, Steve. (2005). Intertextuality and historical approaches to the use of Scripture in the New Testament. Verbum et Ecclesia, 26(2), 447–458. https://doi.org/10.4102/ve.v26i2.235
Munari, A. (2019). The double nature of ‘source criticism’: Between philology and intertextuality. Forum Italicum, 53(1), 27–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/0014585818813894
Muqaddisī, S. al-D. A. ’Abd-A. M. I. A. I. A. B. (1897). The Best Divisions for Knowlegde of The Regions Aḥsan al-Taqāsīm fī Ma’rifat al-Aqālīm (B. A. Collins, Trans.). Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal. Retrieved from http://archive.org/details/al-muqaddasi-the-best-divisions-for-knowlegde-of-the-region
Muqaddisī, S. al-D. A. ’Abd-A. M. I. A. I. A. B. (2002). Aḥsan al-Taqāsīm fī Ma’rifat al-Aqālīm (Muhammad Amin Al-Dhinawi, Ed.). Beirut: Daar al-Kutub al’Ilmiyyah. Retrieved from http://archive.org/details/20200216_20200216_2246
Onkelos, Jonathan b . Uzziel, Pentateuch Aram, J. W. E. (1862). The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch [Genesis and Exodus]. Oxford University: Lond., Longman.
Radak, R. D. K. (1842a). Radak on Genesis 16:11:3 (E. Munk & H. Hameshulash, Trans.). Retrieved 24 January 2024, from https://www.sefaria.org/Radak_on_Genesis.16.11.3?lang=bi
Radak, R. D. K. (1842b). Radak on Genesis 16:12:2 (E. Munk & H. Hameshulash, Trans.). Retrieved 24 January 2024, from https://www.sefaria.org/Radak_on_Genesis.16.11.3?lang=bi
Radak, R. D. K. (2003). Radak on Genesis 10:30:1 (E. Munk & H. Hameshulash, Trans.). Retrieved 9 January 2024, from https://www.sefaria.org/Radak_on_Genesis.10.30.1?lang=bi
Ramban, R. M. ben N. (1976). Ramban on Genesis 16:11:1 (C. B. Chavel, Trans.). Retrieved 24 January 2024, from https://www.sefaria.org/Ramban_on_Genesis.16.11.1?lang=bi
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