Christian Religious Tolerance in Maintaining Peace in Tangerang Regency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/hanifiya.v8i1.44091Keywords:
Christianity, diversity, interfaith activities, multiculturalism, religious tolerance.Abstract
Indonesia's cultural and religious diversity poses significant challenges, particularly in fostering harmony and reducing the risk of racial and religious conflicts, as observed in Panongan District, Tangerang. This study investigates the manifestations of religious tolerance among Christians in Tangerang Regency. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study focuses on understanding societal issues through observation and literature review. The findings reveal that, within the context of Christianity, tolerance is expressed both passively—by accepting differences—and actively—through collaborative efforts. In Panongan District, interfaith tolerance is well-preserved through diverse activities that promote mutual respect and understanding among religious communities. This study concludes that fostering tolerance requires continuous engagement in inclusive practices. Its contribution lies in providing insights into the dynamics of interfaith harmony, offering a model that can be adapted to other multicultural contexts.References
Abdurrazak, S. A., & Wanda, P. (2022). Religious tolerance based on local wisdom: social perspective of Lombok community. Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan, 20(1), 203–226.
Abror, M. (2020). Moderasi Beragama dalam Bingkai Toleransi. RUSYDIAH: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 1(2), 143–155. https://doi.org/10.35961/rsd.v1i2.174
Akbar, A. M., Rahma, T., Lemuel, Y., Fitriana, D., Fanani, T. R. A., & Sekarjati, R. D. L. G. (2022). Moral education and Pancasila in encouraging the prevention of intolerance in the era of globalization: Experiences of Indonesia and Malaysia. Jurnal Panjar: Pengabdian Bidang Pembelajaran, 4(2), 223–282.
Al-Qardawi, A. Y. (2006). The Fiqh of Balance: A type of understanding we need. Bangladesh Journal of Integrated Thoughts, 2(2).
Arend, R. J., & Patel, P. C. (2020). The American dream, melting pot and regional knowledge stock as drivers of entrepreneurial activity. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 25(01), 2050001.
Arifianto, Y. A., Triposa, R., & Saptorini, S. (2021). Christian perspective on the tolerance of Christian religious education teachers and students in the era of disruption. KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen), 7(2), 381–391.
Awalita, S. N. (2024). Nilai-Nilai Moderasi Beragama dalam Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam Rahmatan lil’alamin tingkat Madrasah Ibtida’iyah. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Education, 4(1), 1–12.
Balogun, S. K., & Aruoture, E. (2024). Cultural homogenization vs. cultural diversity: Social media’s double-edged sword in the age of globalization. African Journal of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 14(4).
Bule, Y. A. W., & Suswakara, I. (2024). Membangun Generasi Muda Toleran: Penguatan Moderasi Beragama di Desa Multi Agama. Prima Abdika: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(4), 830–847. https://doi.org/10.37478/abdika.v4i4.4973
Busthomi, Y., & Wahyuni, S. (2024). Pengembangan Komponen Tujuan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) Multikultural di Pondok Pesantren. Dirasah: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Dan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 742–751.
Connolly, F. F., Frech, J., Brülde, B., & Kullenberg, C. (2024). Are Danes really happier than Swedes and Australians? A comparative analysis of subjective well-being measurement issues in Denmark, Sweden, and Australia. International Journal of Wellbeing, 14(3).
Courpasson, D., Younes, D., & Reed, M. (2021). Durkheim in the neoliberal organization: Taking resistance and solidarity seriously. Organization Theory, 2(1), 2631787720982619.
DÃaz, I. (2021). Considering the efficacy of digital technology as a means of evangelization in Christian religious education. Religious Education, 116(1), 3–15.
Eko Murdiyanto. (2020). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Teori dan Aplikasi disertai Contoh Proposal. Yogyakarta Press.
Fanani, Z. (2019). Agama Dan Resolusi Konflik (Perspektif Sosiologi. And Humanity, 7(9), 624–27.
Firtikasari, M., & Andiana, D. (2024). Pendidikan Multikultural. Cahaya Smart Nusantara.
Fitriani, F., Harahap, I., & Utari, T. (2020). Membangun Relasi Umat Beragama Pasca Konflik Agama Di Tanjungbalai. Studia Sosia Religia, 3(1).
Freire, P. (2020). Pedagogy of the oppressed. In Toward a sociology of education (pp. 374–386). Routledge.
Hanif, M. (2020). The Implementation of Tasamuh ala Ahlussunah School in Learning Islamic Education: A Case in Ma’arif High School Purbalingga, Indonesia. International Journal of Social Science and Religion (IJSSR), 55–68.
Hasan, M. S., & Rozaq, A. (2023). Service Learning in Building an Attitude of Religious Moderation in Pesantren. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 4(4), 559–576.
Hasse, J. (2016). Dinamika hubungan Islam dan agama lokal di Indonesia: pengalaman Towani Tolotang di Sulawesi Selatan. Wawasan J. Ilm. Agama Dan Sos. Budaya, 1(2), 179–186.
Herman, A. A., Nur, F., Sari, A. N., Ramadhanti, S., Indriyani, D., & Madong, S. A. (2024). Unraveling Fanaticism, Embroidering Tolerance: Family Guidance-Based Religious Moderation. La Tenriruwa: Jurnal Bimbingan Penyuluhan Islam, 3(2).
Hermawan, U., & Muhlas, M. (2025). Interweaving Religious Dialogue: Dynamics and Conflict Resolution Between Islam and Judaism. Jurnal Iman Dan Spiritualitas, 5(1).
Hermawan, U., & Rahman, M. T. (2024). D Dialog Agama Perspektif U. Integritas Terbuka: Peace and Interfaith Studies, 3(1), 31–42.
Hick, J. (1992). On Wilfred Cantwell Smith: His Place in the Study of Religion. Method & Theory in the Study of Religion, 4(1/2), 5–20.
Hidayah, A., Rizky Fauziyah, N., & Wibowo, W. (2024). The Role Of The State In Fostering Religious Harmony In Indonesia: A Historical Review, Challenges, And Policy Towards Moderation. Academic Journal of Islamic Principles and Philosophy, 5(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.22515/ajipp.v5i1.9181
Ibda, H., Wijanarko, A. G., Azizah, F. N., Amnillah, M., & Ro’uf, A. (2024). Islamic Moderation in Elementary School: Strengthening the Aswaja Annadhliyah Curriculum in Preventing Religious Radicalism. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 18(4), 1246–1253.
Junaedi, E. (2019). Inilah Moderasi Beragama Perspektif Kemenag. Harmoni, 18(2), 182–186.
Karim, A., Aldeia, A. M. S., & Muslim, A. (2021). Moderasi Beragama dalam Praktik Bobahasaan Mongondow (Teks dan Makna Kearifan Lokal Berbagai Sikap Kebahasaan dan Lirik Lagu). Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan, 19(1), 103–140.
Kaunda, C. J., & Ejike, C. E. (2024). Reconstructing Love for God vis-à -vis Religious Intolerance in Nigeria through the Philosophy of Samae Spirit. International Journal of Public Theology, 18(1), 29–42.
Klar, M. O. (2015). Through the Lens of the Adam Narrative: A Re-consideration of Sūrat al-Baqara. Journal of Qur’anic Studies, 17(2), 24–46.
Kocadal, Ö. (2024). Learning Lessons of Truth and Reconciliation in Post-Apartheid South Africa:‘Coming to Terms with the Past’through Peace Education? In Peace as Nonviolence: Topics in African Peace Studies (pp. 153–163). Springer.
Kumara, D. P. (2023). Economic Development of Digital Business Technology in Indonesia. Interkoneksi: Journal of Computer Science and Digital Business, 1(1), 30–35.
Mahmud, A. (2023). The Value of Religious Tolerance in the Interpretation of the Qur’an and its Relevance in Learning in Higher Education. International Journal of Social Service and Research, 3(5), 1247–1257.
Mala, A., & Hunaida, W. L. (2023). Exploring the Role of Religious Moderation in Islamic Education: A Comprehensive Analysis of Its Unifying Potential and Practical Applications. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education Studies), 11(2), 173–196.
Mandela, N. (2014). Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. Computer, 8, 45.
Manuain, L. M. M., Thoomaszen, F. W., Sheldena, D. N., Mila, S., & Hilli, Y. (2024). Dinamika Toleransi Beragama: Kajian Fenomenologi pada Kampus Keagamaan di Wilayah Indonesia Tengah. Matheteuo: Religious Studies, 4(1), 30–41.
Marjani, G. I. (2023). Overcoming Theological Dilemmas: Fostering Religious Moderation through the Resolution of Faith and Rationality. Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama Dan Lintas Budaya, 7(2), 115–128.
Miharja, D., & Mulyana, M. (2019). Peran FKUB Dalam Menyelesaikan Konflik Keagamaan di Jawa Barat. Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya, 3 (2), 120–132.
Muchtar, R. (2009). Harmonisasi Agama dan Budaya di Indonesia. Balai Penelitian dan Pengetahuan Agama.
Mustari, M., & Rahman, M. T. (2012). Pengantar Metode Penelitian. Laksbang Pressindo.
Mustofa, A. Z., & Syarifah, N. (2021). The Meaning of al-Hurriyyah in QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 256 and QS. al-Kahfi [18]: 29: A Maqâṣid Approach of Ibn ‘Asyur. Jurnal Ushuluddin, 29(1), 31–44.
Muzakki, Z., & Nurdin, N. (2022). Formation of Student Character in Islamic Religious Education. EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 3(3), 937–948.
Naik, E., Webster, J. D., DeVoss, J., Liu, J., Suriben, R., & Dixit, V. M. (2014). Regulation of proximal T cell receptor signaling and tolerance induction by deubiquitinase Usp9X. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 211(10), 1947–1955.
Nikodemus, N., & Endi, Y. (2023). Pandangan Gereja Katolik Terhadap Perkawinan Campur Perspektif Amoris Laetitia Dan Hukum Kanonik. Kamaya: Jurnal Ilmu Agama, 6(3), 352–366.
Nurohman, T., & Gunawan, H. (2019). Konstruksi Identitas Nasional Pada Masyarakat Adat:(Studi Kasus Di Kampung Naga Desa Neglasari Kecamatan Salawu Kabupaten Tasikmalaya). Journal of Politics and Policy, 125–154.
Nutfa, M., Pulubuhu, D. A. T., & Cangara, S. (2016). Kegagalan Rekonsiliasi Masyarakat Poso Pasca Konflik Komunal. Jurnal Analisis, 5(2), 168–74.
Pamuji, S. (2024). Interreligious Interaction in a Multicultural Society (Case Study: About Tolerance and Harmony in Indonesia). Journal of Noesantara Islamic Studies, 1(6), 314–327.
Parekh, B., & Parekh, B. (2019). Human Rights and Moral Pluralism. Ethnocentric Political Theory: The Pursuit of Flawed Universals, 41–58.
Piscos, J. L. (2021). Analyzing inclusivity in Pope Francis’ Fratelli Tutti (On fraternity and social friendship) and its implications to catholic education. Bedan Research Journal, 6(1), 240–262.
Rahman, M. T. (2025). Metodologi Penelitian Agama. Prodi S2 Studi Agama-Agama UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.
Ritonga, N., & Saleh, S. (2024). Penerapan hidden curriculum untuk meningkatkan nilai-nilai toleransi dan kerjasama pada mata pelajaran pendidikan pancasila dan kewaraganegaraan di sekolah menengah pertama. Jurnal EDUCATIO: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 10(1), 661–669.
Riyanto, R. (2022). Moderasi Beragama Pada Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Dasar (Madrasah). ICIE: International Conference on Islamic Education, 2, 61–78.
Rizal, S. (2023). Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Islam Nusantara Melalui Mata Pelajaran Aqidah Akhlak. Al Qodiri: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial Dan Keagamaan, 21(1), 49–60.
Safdar, S., Mahali, S. C., & Scott, C. (2023). A critical review of multiculturalism and interculturalism as integration frameworks: The case of Canada. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 93, 101756.
Sakallı, Ö., Tlili, A., Altınay, F., Karaatmaca, C., Altınay, Z., & Dağlı, G. (2021). The role of tolerance education in diversity management: A cultural historical activity theory perspective. Sage Open, 11(4), 21582440211060830.
Shalahuddin, H., Fadhlil, F. D., & Hidayat, M. S. (2023). Peta dan Problematika Konsep Moderasi Beragama di Indonesia. Risalah: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Islam, 9(2), 700–710.
Silalahi, E. F. S. O., Sipahutar, N. H. C. N., & Sitompul, A. S. (2023). Implementasi Moderasi Dan Toleransi Dalam Perspektif Kristen Di SMA Negeri 2 Balige. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3(3), 3193–3198.
Silalahi, U. P. C. (2023). Equality and Freedom in Educational Institutions: An Overview of Religious Tolerance in Indonesia. Proceeding International Conference on Religion, Science and Education, 2, 1019–1028.
Simmons, B. (2009). Civil rights in international law: Compliance with aspects of the “international bill of rights.†Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 16(2), 437–481.
Siregar, H. L., & Nurmayani, N. (2022). Analysis of Social Care Character Development in Islamic Religious Education Courses. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal, 3(3), 527–536.
Suhendra, A. (2022). Konstruksi Moderasi Beragama Masyarakat Kalipasir Tangerang: Model Kerukunan Beragama Islam dan Konghucu. Jurnal SMART (Studi Masyarakat, Religi, Dan Tradisi), 8(1), 83–96.
Sukenti, D., & Hermawan, U. (2024). Pendidikan Moderasi Beragama: Memahami Dialog Agama Perspektif Teori Otto Scharmer dalam Program Kelas Penggerak Gusdurian. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam Al-Thariqah, 9(2), 225–254.
Sulaiman, S., Imran, A., Hidayat, B. A., Mashuri, S., Reslawati, R., & Fakhrurrazi, F. (2022). Moderation religion in the era society 5.0 and multicultural society: Studies based on legal, religious, and social reviews. Linguistics and Culture Review, 6(S5), 180–193.
Supardi, S. (2014). Pendidikan multikultural dalam pembelajaran sejarah lokal. Jurnal Pembangunan Pendidikan: Fondasi Dan Aplikasi, 2(1).
Suprijatna, J. (2008). Melestarikan Alam Indonesia. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Syafitri, D. (2025). Tolerance in Social Interaction Between Muslims and Christians: A Study in Percut Sei Tuan, Deli Serdang. Young Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(1), 13–22.
Tilaar, H. A. R. (2002). Multikulturalisme: Tantangan-tantangan global masa depan dalam transformasi pendidikan nasional. Grasindo.
Tye, K. (2000). Basics of Christian education. Chalice Press.
Ulfa, M. (2024). Menjaga Moderasi Beragama di Era Digital: Tantangan dan Strategi Menghadapi Teknologi. Book Chapter of Proceedings Journey-Liaison Academia and Society, 1(1), 43–63.
Wood. (1993). Peripheral tolerance to alloantigen: strategies for the future. International Journal of Immunogenetics, 20(5), 439–449.
Yuminah, R., & Si, M. A. (2024). Moderasi beragama Dalam Bingkai Kebinekaan. Republika Penerbit.
Zakso, A., Agung, I., Susanto, A. B., & Capnary, M. C. (2021). The effect of strengthening character education on tolerance increasing and development of Pancasila students in border area: Case of West Kalimantan province. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(5), 232–248.
Ziaulhaq, M. (2020). Pendekatan Sayyed Hossein Nasr dalam Kerangka Studi Agama-Agama. In A. Muhyidin & M. T. Rahman (Eds.), Modul Sosialisasi Toleransi Beragama (1st ed., pp. 1–97). Prodi S2 Studi Agama-Agama UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Memet Isa Bahrudin, Muhlas Muhlas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC-BY-SA)  that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
