Contribution of Syeikh Tuan Minal in the Creative Islamic Civilization on Islamic Society in South Thailand

This paper aims to discuss the contributions of syeikh Tuan Minal in the creative of Islamic civilization on Islamic society in South Thailand. The related sources are collected using accounts, story and library. It uses qualitative analysis and criticism. The result shows that Syeikh Tuan Minal or Syeikh Zainal Abidin bin Muhammad al-Fatany is ulama from Patani achieving great complement and praises from other ulamas and general public. His activities are of great contribution to Muslim in patani in intelektual such as aqidah or Tauhid and fiqh, hadits, tasawuf and medicine. The works has been absorbed and still actualized in daily life until present day especially in terms of faith and worship.


A. INTRODUCTION
Patani is the center of Islamic culture and part of famous activities of Islamic literature in Nusantara.It also was known for its ulamas.If only they had been numbered, there will be a great number of ulamas from the begining of Islam in Southeast Asian region until recent time.Their fames are due to their big contribution of writing various Islamic books both in Arabic and Malay.This study is only focused on the invaluable contribution of Syeikh Tun Minal to Muslim diaspora.The discussion is not only around his books, but also more on his role on the development of Islamic civilization in the Malay World.Those various skills are things that bring his name into fame of creative ulama that contribute in the Islamic civilization and social development of Muslim in South Thailand.This study will elaborate the background of Syeikh Tuan Minal and its contribution on creativity to highlight his contribution to Islamic civilization in the Malay world.

B. METHODS
This paper uses the related sources from accounts, story and literature.It uses qualitative analysis and criticism.

Background Of Syeikh Tuan Minal
Syeikh Tuan Minal is famous ulama in Patani for his literary works.It is important to know his personality as summarized below:

Name and its descendant
His full name is Syeikh Zainal Abidin bin Muahmmad bin Muhammad Dahlan bin Syeikh wan Syamsudin bin Syeikh Ja'far or syeikh Tuan Minal (Al-Fatany, 2009).However, there is no clear information about his birthday, death and ancestors form his mother line.
He is frequently well known as Tuan Minal there is no clear information on the pedigree of the nickname.According to Wan Muhammad Shaghir bin Abdullah, the title of Tuan Minal based on series of events between him and his pupils.One annecdotes says that when he was angry with his disciples, he always recited the verse of an-Nas and as he came to sixth verses " minnal Jinnati wan Nas", he make his voice got louder.Through time, the verse was made shorter into "minna al".From second story, his name is derived from his name Zainal Abidin.But this opinion is far from being true and it tends to be weak (W.M. S. Abdullah, 1991).
His familiy ancestors go far into the family of Syeikh Ja'far with wan Jamilah al-Syandaniah as well as the descendant of Syeikh Dawud bin Abdullah al-Fatany (look at figure 1)

Syeikh Ibrahim al--Hadharamy
Wan Jamilah al--Syandaniah (married to Syeikh Ja'far) From the table it is evident that Syeikh Tuan Minal and Syeikh Dawud l_Fatani are the fourth descendant of syeikh Ja'far.

On His Birth
Islamic historians have different versions about the place of birth of Tuan Minal, as the following summaries: 1) He was born in kampong Bandang Bendang1 around 1820 or 1910.He died in the age of 85-95 (Al-Fatany, 2009).2) He came from Kampong Anakru2 , Bandar Patani (Shaghir, n.d.) 3) He was born in Meccaa when his parents performed hajj in 1830 (Manaha, 1998).4) He was from kampung Kerisik3 or kampung Anakru (Mustafa, 1991).
However, there is no clear eveidence about his exact birth day.But one would at least conclude that Syeikh Tuan Minal was born in the 19 th century and came alternatively from Kampung Bendang Bandang or kampung Anakru or in Mecca.The information comes from Tuan Guru Haji Yusuf al-Bandary's accounts, a grand children of syeikh Tuan Minal who has conducted a study on the biography form Tuan Minal's ancestors in Patani Thailand and Pinang Island in Malaysia (Mustafa, 1991).The author has also information from his descendant in Kampong Permatang Sungai Dua, Seberang Perai, Pinang Island who assert the information from Tuan Guru haji Yusuf al-Banday for his studies of Tuan Minal ancestors (Muhammad, 2013).

Familiy and Children
Syeikh Tuan Minal Marry to Hajah Maryam or Hawa and Fatimah, where both are nice from Patani.And the third he was marry to women from Johor (Al-Fatany, 2009).
From his wives, he had seven children, they are:

Islamic Education
His initial education was in reciting al-Qur'an and basic of slamic teaching from GIs father Syeikh Muhammad.After his initial education as for all of the children at that time, he went to pondok Bendang Daya. 4 Here, he was student and in direct teaching of the founder of that pondok Syeikh Wan Mustafa bin Muhammad Faqih al-fatany (Tuk Wan Pa).Passing his second lesond in pondok, he went pulau Pinang Malaysia.Finally he went to Mekka with the other two ulama Syaikh wan Muhammad Zain and Syeikh wan Abdul Kadir (Al-Fatany, 2009).In Mekka he studied in various ulama both Arabian and Patani (Mustafa, 1991).

Teacher And Students
Tuan Minal had studied for some ulama.

Fellow Ulama
Among the ulama of his time, there are ulama that are: Among them, there were his close friend and collegue.

Personlity And Famous
The past ulama had achieved a great ulama position as with the Syeikh Tual Minal.He had a firm thingking and coming from Patani Ulama.Though he had less attention compare to the other ulama, his status is as similar as Syeikh Dawud al-Fatany, Syeikh Nik Mat Kecik al_fatany, Syeikh Ahmad al-Fatany for his skills that are: With his metilicious, wide range of knowledge and brave can be the reason for writing his history as Tok Guru Alim Ulama in developing Islamic civilization.

Aqidah And School
From the advance of Islam to the area, people were intrduced to various ahl-sunnah wal Jamaah teaching in fiqh from Syafii School.From the books of Patani Ulama in 18 to 19 century, it is clear that the Ahlu Sunnah and Syafii school was the dominant teaching at that time in South Thailand and the region (Lawi, 2005).
Syeikh Tuan Minal was one of the Ulama that belonged to those tradition of Syafii School but not the one whose thoughts were accused to taqlid (total follower) by some of the opponent of the schools (Shaghir, n.d.). it was proved by his book " Aqidah al-Najin fi Ilm Ushuluddin" syarah from "matan Ummul Barahin" by syeikh Muhammad bin Yusuf al_Sanusy about Asyariayah teachings.
In addition to that, Syeikh Tuan Minal specifically discussed about twenty character of Allah in his book " Miftahul Murid Fil Ilm Tauhid".
From the point of view of fiqh school, he was Safiian as best reflected in his work on fiqih namely " Kasful Litham an As'ilatil Anam" (Al-Fataniy, n.d.).Based on his books, he was called as Zainal Abidin al-Fatany al-Syafi'I (Al-Fataniy, n.d.).For his syafi schools, he was admited his view on his book as he was wrote a book on Syafii school (Al-Fataniy, n.d.).

Place And Date Of His Death
Tuan Guru Yusuf al-Bandary as the grand children of Syeikh Tuan Minal writes that his grand father was passed away in Mekka after sometime staying at kampong Sungai Dua, Seberang perai, Pulau Pinang Malaysia (Mustafa, 1991).When Ahmad Fathy argues that Syeikh Tuan Minal was Death in Sungai Dua, Seberang Perai Pulau Pinang, but his argument is not well supported (Al-Fatany, 2009).The information about his death was jotted down on the Aqidah an-Najin in second edition as follow". "

Contribution Of Syeikh Tuan Minal In Works
Syeikh Tuan Minal produced various works as follow: a. Kasful Litham an As-Iliatil Amal If we study more to the book, we can find that he composed the book into several range, as the firts is Kitab, followed by chapter, verse, furu, and problems.From its content, he divided the book into four different discussion.The firts part is about ibadah, second part is about Muamalat (economic matter), the third is about munakahat (marriage) and the last is about jinayat (punishment.All of them can be arranged as follow: 1) In the first part, Syeikh Tuan Minal explains about ibadat and muamalat in the discussion on taharah, law of prayer, law of the death, zakat, fasting, i'tikaf, hajj, umrah udhiah, hala and haram food, law of hunting and slaugthing animal, sell and buy, salam selling, law of pawn, law bangkruptcy, law ofunion, law of berwakil, confession, law of arriyah (borrowing), merampas, Syufa'ah (giving help) payment for working in garden, law of wakaf, law of hibah, law of luqatah, ji;alah and gift.2) In the second part, he elaborated marriages and jinayah (penal law).This part, discussed about inherite, wasiyat, sharing fa'i and ghanimah (booty), sharing on zakat, law of nikah (marriage), part of marriage, qasam and nusyur, divorce, rujuk, law of I'la, Zihar, Kifarat, Li'aan, iddah breast feeding, and nafkah.It is also esplained about penal law such as jinayah, qisas, stilling, dringk alcohol and tazkir, law of perang sabil, law of jizyah, law hadanah, law of compete, law of oath, law of kifarat, nazar, book of qadhi, sharing unite wealthy, dakwah and baiyinah (provement) and its last discussion on i"itaq (freedom).
After  Abdullah, 2001).Aqidah al-Najin becomes main teks for Muslim in South Thailand for its contents as basic of tauhid knowledge.
Among its contents are aknowledging ushuluddin in Islamic law, law in reciting basmalah, law of logic and its divison, basic of tauhid, definition of wajib (obligation), Mustahil, Jaiz, obligation to teach children to acknowledge Allah, mukallaf and its meanings, the firts things to do by mukallaf, believe in Allah, the twenty charatcers of Allah and explanation of salbiah (Kasor, 2013) and nafsiah5 character for Allah.
The book also elaborates mustahil charatcers of Allah and the characters that attached to Allah.It also supported of textual basis from Quranic verse from salaf and khalaf perspective toward quranic verse kesamaran, character of matter of Allah and basis support for the being of Allah.
The book also discusses about believing on Allah Messenger, apostle that are stated in Qu'ran, the obligation characters, mustahil and obligation for Messenger, and their mukzijat.It told also about the prminence of ulama and for them who study Islam, the meaning of two-syahadah oath and its prominence.It also depicted in believeing to angels of Allah, their character and duties.It then following byexplanations on believeing in the books of revelation mentioning in Qur'an and its contents.It also dicussed about how to live in the world and how about the day after, the signs of kiamat and azhab qubur (punishment in Qubur), axcepting people reciting of Qur'an, giving syafa'at, titi sirat, haud apostle, arasy, chair, Qalam, heaven and hell.It told about Islam and iman, good behavior such as, zajid, tawakal, Shy, feel satify with all Allah's provision, humble, thanksful and ridha.It also elaborate bad behavior such as underestimate, accusing, lying rebeling parents, riya, pride and dsipute.
In the last part of Aqidah al-Najin talk about Sufism, it s definition and benefit of it, preparation to face Allah with taqwa, prayer (shalat), zakat, Hajj, zikir, obedience, patient, tawakal, zahid and thanksful for every Allah's gifts.

c. Kasyful Gahaibah
The book is a book about prophet tradition about metaphysic in teen chapters: one chapter discussed about creation of soul of Muhammad, creation of Adam, events for the whole angels and angel of death and how he take people soul, how about Qubur world dan how angels come to qubur, how soul out from human body to qubur world, explaining kiamat and who depend on it, character of hell and who will be there and the last it explain character of heaven and who will stay there.Muhammad Saleh, who quotes his father book "kasful Litham and the author of "Sirajul Qari".Haji Omar (Pa Da), the author of "sebab-sebab menjadi murtad".4. His initial education was in reciting al-Qur'an and basic of Islamic teaching from gis father Syeikh Muhammad.After his initial education as for all of the children at that time, he went to pondok Bendang Daya (Said, 2002).Here, he was student and in direct teaching of the founder of that pondok Syeikh Wan Mustafa bin Muhammad Based on those study, there are some of suggestion can be given: 1. To take another or further study on Syeikh Tuan Minal approaches and method in his books and works.2. Taking another studies on his role in developing Islamic society in education and society.
a. Write "Kasypul litham an Asilatil anam" as the comprehensip fiqh book ini the Jawi Language.b.Reformer on the recent issues in society as what he write about smoking in " Tabassamul Syaribin", retaling to fidyah and fasting in the Hahafi school (Shaghir, n.d.).c.In his book, Syeikh Tuan Minal is betittled as "al-Alim al-Allamah al-Mudaqqiq al-Fahhamah Sirajul Islam wa Din" and in the other book he is called as " al-Alim al-Allamah al-Tahrir al-Fahhamah and " al-Alim al-Fadhil wal Hibrul Kamil".Those are the name representing his gretness on science as the ulama of the time (Al-Fatany, 1999).
Faqih al-fatany (Tuk Wan Pa).Passing his second lesond in pondok, he went pulau Pinang Malaysia.Finally he went to Mekka with the other two ulama Syaikh wan Muhammad Zain and Syeikh wan Abdul Kadir.In Mekka he studied in various ulama both Arabian and Patani. 5.He use of his lifetime to teach Islam in Patani and Malaysia and die in Mekkah after sometime stay in pulau Pinang.6.He produced a number of wokrs on five different subjects, hadits, fiqh, aqidah and tasawuf and still beneficial for Muslim in Patani and nusantara in general and are his contribution to the world of Islamic intellectual.
Based on this publication, it can be understood that date of publication is 17 Zulkaidah 1323 H.(Oktober 16, 1914)Syeikh Tuan Minal had passed away as in the title al-Marhum.If we compare to the firts edition of book " Miftah al Murid fi Ilm al_tauhid dated 1330 H/ 1912 M. Matbaah al-Tarqy al majidiah al-Usmaniah, Makkah, we still can found the name of the author without betittled by al-marhum.It is evident to be convince of the date of his death at least in the fist of 1913 as we considerhow to rearrange the texts (Al-Fatany, 2009).
finishing his speech on introduction, he started with taharah as in the fiqh book al masail for Syeikh Dawud bin Abdullah al-Fatany, but his initial discussion is on ilmu ushuluddin.b.Aqidah al-Najin fi Ilmi Ushuluddin The book can be cathegorized as study on tauhid in Nusantara.It has strong relation to the matan book namely book Ummu al-Barahin in Nustantara (Al-Fataniy, n.d.).It is also a second greatest and popular book after Bukarah by Da'il al-Patani, Faridah al-Fara'id by Syeikh Ahmad Zain al-Fatany.It is common to study firts Aqidah al-Najin and then followed by Durus Thamin by Syeikh Dawud bin Abdullah al-Fatany (W. S. W. d. Irsyad al-Ibad ila Sabil al-RasyadThe book consist of twenty pages focusing on guidance for people to truth way, namely ahli Sunnah wa al-jamaah as a path that follow Prophet Muhammad tradition and all of four his close companions.It focused on Ushuluddin, Fiqh and Tasawuf.e. Miftahul murid fi ilm Tauhid This works produced by him to introducing tauhid to people of Patani, especially the twenty characters of Allah.It also told about the character of prophet and messanger of Allah such as Sidiq, Amanahand tablig.It consists of sixteen pages as a support for his son works on murtad and haji Malaka that tranforms his works into poem.f.Tabasamul syaribin manfat bagi awal al-Mulimin is a book about healthy and medic.It idiscuss about cigaret as a problem of healthy.Althought it in the line with Sayid Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Husin al-Idarus, the work is different whith it as it is not totaly claim that smoking is haram.Beside those books and works, he created some work in manuscripts about Jum'at prayer.The book is kept by markaz manuscript Melayu, Maktabah kebangsaan Malaysia, number MS 111 and Tahqiq al-Kalam in Markaz Makhtutat Melayu Makhtabah Kebangsaan Melayu number 167 MS. 6 Contributions of ulama in developing Islamic civilization or culture in Patani is by his role in producing books on religious materies in both Arabic and Malay.The role is critical for a firmly understanding of Islamic teaching in pattani and academic culture Islamic thought (Suemae, 2005).Using Malay is the contribute to local languanges.It made Malay as an intruction for Islamic book in Patani and Malay world.It is the core of promince of the works of ulama.They contributed toward literature in Southeast Asia, especially for Islamic society in Patani.Those book are still manual book for pondoks in Patani and its neighborhood (Said, 2002).The full name of Syeikh Tuan Minal is Syeikh Zainal Abidin bin Muahmmad bin Muhammad Dahlan bin Syeikh wan Syamsudin bin Syeikh Ja'far.His parent is Syeikh Ja'far with Wan Jamilah al-Syandaniah.As it is happened to Syeikh Dawud bin Abdullah al-Fatany, both of them are in the same descendant of Syeikh Ja'far.2. Syeikh Tuan Minal is born in Kerisik, muang patani as quoted from Haji Yusuf albandariy, a grand children of syeikh Tuan Minal who doing research on his family line in Patani Thailand and pulau Pinang Malaysia.3. Syeikh Tuan Minal Marry to Hajah Maryam or Hawa and Fatimah, where both are nice from Patani.And the third he was marry to women from Johor.From his wifes, he had seven children, they are: Haji Hasan (wak hasan) Hajah aisah (Tok Ngah).Hajah Fatimah (Tok Fatimah) Haji husin (pak Lang) Haji dawud (ps'cu) those five children are from Hajah Maryam.He has two sons from the other two wifes, namely: Haji