Pengaruh pemupukan N terhadap serapan dan efisiensi penggunaan N, serta hasil padi hibrida


Risqa Naila Khusna Syarifah(1*), Zulfa Ulinuha(2), Purwanto Purwanto(3)

(1) Jurusan agroteknologi Fak. pertanian UNSOED Purwokerto, Indonesia
(2) Jurusan agroteknologi Fak. pertanian UNSOED Purwokerto, Indonesia
(3) Jurusan agroteknologi Fak. pertanian UNSOED Purwokerto,  
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Pemupukan N pada padi hibrida menjadi krusial mengingat varietas padi hibrida sangat responsif, sehingga harus diketahui dosis yang tepat untuk menghasilkan produksi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh dosis N terhadap serapan N, efisiensi penggunaan N, dan hasil padi hibrida. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah varietas padi hibrida yang terdiri dari Varietas Mapan P05, Varietas SL-8 SHS Sterling, dan Varietas Intani 602. Faktor kedua adalah dosis pemupukan N yang terdiri dari kontrol tanpa pemupukan N, dosis N 100 kg ha-1, dan dosis N 200 kg ha-1. Terdapat respon yang beragam antar varietas padi hibrida terhadap taraf pemupukan N, Serapan N, efisiensi penggunaan N tertinggi yang dihasilkan oleh varietas Intani 602 masing-masing sebesar 138,57 %, dan 36,13%. Serapan N tanaman padi tertinggi dicapai pada dosis N 100 kg ha-1, dan efisiensi penggunaan N tertinggi pada dosis N 200 kg ha-1. Hasil gabah tertinggi dicapai pada varietas Mapan P05 sebesar 7,42 t ha-1, dan dosis pemupukan N 100 kg ha-1 memberikan hasil tertinggi sebesar 7,47 t ha-1. Implikasi dari penelitian ini bahwa dosis nitrogen 100 kg ha-1 dapat menjadi acuan sebagai dosis pemupukan N varietas padi hibrida di Indonesia.

 

Hybrid rice is responsive to nitrogen, so it’s necessary to find the optimum dose to optimize the production. The  aim of this research was to examine the effect of nitrogen on N uptake, N use efficiency, and yield of hybrid rice. This study used a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor consisted of the  Mapan P05 variety, the SL-8 SHS Sterling variety, and Intani 602 variety. The second factor was Nitrogen dosage consisted of control, 100 kg ha-1, and 200 kg ha-1. There were various responses among hybrid rice varieties to the level of fertilization. The highest N uptake and N use efficiency was achieved in the Intani 602 variety at 138.57% and 36.13%, respectively. The highest N uptake was achieved at 100 kg ha-1 of N, and the highest N use efficiency was at 200 kg ha-1. The highest yield was achieved in the Mapan P05 variety (7.42 t ha-1), and the dose of N at 100 kg ha-1 gave the highest yield (7.47 t ha-1). The implication of this research is that the nitrogen dose of 100 kg ha-1 can be used as a reference for hybrid rice varieties fertilizer in Indonesia.


Keywords


Efisiensi, Hibrida, Nitrogen, Padi, Serapan

Full Text:

PDF

References


Amanullah & Hidayatullah. (2016). Influence of organic and inorganic nitrogen on grain yield and yield components of hybrid rice in Northwestern Pakistan. Rice Science. 23(6):326-333.

Amirrullah, J., Prabowo, A., & Yustisi. (2018). Potensi hasil varietas inbrida padi sawah irigasI (INPARI) dan limbahnya sebagai pakan ternak di Kabupaten Musi Rawas Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Triton, 9(2), 185–190.

BPS. (2021). Statistik Luas Panen dan Produksi Padi ( Angka Tetap ). 22, 1–20.

Chu, G., Chen, S., Xu, C., Wang, D., & Zhang, X. (2019). Agronomic and physiological performance of indica/japonica hybrid rice cultivar under low nitrogen conditions. Field Crops Research. 243: 1-10.

Djaman, K., Mel, V.C., Ametonou, F.Y., El-Namaky, R., Diallo, M.D., & Koudahe, K. (2018). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer dose and application timing on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated hybrid rice under semi-arid conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Research 9(2):223.

Dong, X., Ying, Z., Zhi-feng,C., Chao, H., Lei, H., Shi, Q., Pei, W., Guo-dong, L., Hai-yan, W., & Hong-cheng, Z. (2020). Yield characteristics of japonica/indica hybrid rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(10), 2394–2406. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62872-8

Good, A. G., Shrawat, A. K., & Muench, D. G. (2004). Can less yield more ? Is reducing nutrient input into the environment compatible with maintaining crop production ? 9(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.008

Gupt, S.K., Chand, R., Mishra, V.K., Ahirwar, R.N., Bhatta, M., & Joshi, A.K. (2021). Spot blotch disease of wheat as influenced by foliar trichome and stomata density. Journal of Agriculture and Food research. 6:100227.

Hameed, F., Xu, J., Rahim, S.F., Wei, Q., Khalil, A.R., & Liao, Q. (2019). Optimizing nitrogen options for improving nitrogen use efficiency of rice under different water regimes. Agronomy. 39(9):1-18.

Han, T., Wang, B., Wu, Z., Dai, C., Zhao, J., Mi, Z., Lv, Y., Zhang, C., Miao, X., Zhou, J., Li, X., Sun, Z., Yang, J., Zhai, W., Zheng, F., Chen, Z., & Zhang, B. (2021). Providing a view for the toxicity mechanism of tetracycline by analysis of the connections between metabolites and biologic endpoints of wheat. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 212:111998.

Hasanalideh, A.H. & Hojati, M. (2012). Enhancing yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Brassica Napus L. using an integrated fertilizer management. Advances in Environmental Biology. 6(2):641-647.

Huang, Z., Lv, Q., Hossain, M.A., Wu, Z., Tan, F., Peng, Y., Xin, Y., Zhu, L., & Yuan, L. (2021). Low fertilizer inputs do not adversely affect yield or performance of Indica hybrid rice. Scientia Agriola. 79(4):1-17.

Imran, A., & Suriany. (2009). Penampilan dan produktivitas padi Hibrida Sl-8-SHS di Kabupaten Pinrang Sulawesi Selatan. Buletin Plasma Nutfah 15(2): 54-58.

Islam, M.Z., Sattar, M.A., Ashrafuzzaman, A., Saud, H.M., & Uddin, M.K. (2012). Improvement of yield potential of rice through combined application of biofertilizer and chemical nitrogen. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 6(4):745-750.

Lin, X., Zhu, D., Chen, H., & Zhang, Y. (2009). Effects of plant density and nitrogen application rate on grain yield and nitrogen uptake of super hybrid rice. Rice Science. 16(2):138-142.

Liu, H., Li, M., Zhang, J., Sun, H., Long, Y., Wu, L., & Zhang, Q. (2018). PCA based model on chlorophyll content diagnosis of winter wheat. IFAC Papers Online. 51-17:643-647.

Lyu, T., Shen, J., Ma, J., Ma, P., Yang, Z., Dai, Z., Zheng, C., & Li, M. (2021). Hybrid rice yield response to potted-seedling machine transplanting and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer application combined with urea topdressing. The Crop Journal. 9:915-923.

Mardiyah, A. (2021). Optimasi pemupukan urea dalam peningkatan produksi padi gogo lokal aceh timur. Agro Samudra Jurnal Penelitian. 8(1): 41-48.

Munawar, A. (2011). Kesuburan Tanah dan Nutrisi Tanaman. IPB Press. Bogor.

Munoz-Ortuno, M., Serra-Mora, P., Herraez-Hemandez, R., Verdu-Andres, J., & Campins-Falco, P. (2017). A new tool for direct non-invasive evaluation of chlorophyll content from diffuse reflectance measurements. Science of the Total Environment. 609:370-376.

Muthoharoh, N., Sasongko, L.A., & Awami, S.N. (2018). Preferensi petani terhadap beberapa varietas padi di Kecamatan Blora Kabupaten Blora. AGRONOMIKA, 12(2).

Palanivell, P., Ahmed, O.H., Majid, N.M.A., Jalloh, M.B., & Susilawati, K. (2015). Improving Lowland Rice (O. sativa L. cv. MR219) Plant Growth Variables, Nutrients Uptake, and Nutrients Recovery Using Crude Humic Substances. The Scientific World Journal. 2015:906094.

Peng, J., Xiao-bing, X., Min, H., Xue-feng, Z., Rui-chun, Z., Jia-na, C., Dan-dan, W., Bing, X., Fu-xian, X., Hong, X., & Ying-bin, Z. (2015). Comparisons of yield performance and nitrogen response between hybrid and inbred rice under different ecological conditions in southern China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 14(7):1283-1294.

Pradipta, A.P., Yunus, A., & Samanhudi. (2017). Hasil padi hibrida Genotipe T1683 pada berbagai dosis pupuk NPK. Agrotech Res J. 1(2): 24-28.

Proklamasiningsih, E. Priyambada, I.D., Rachmawati, D. (2013). Laju Fotosintesis dan Kandungan Klorofil Kedelai pada Media Tanam Masam dengan Pemberian Garam Aluminium. Agrotrop: Journal on Agriculture Science, 2(1), 17–24.

Purbajanti, E.D., Soetrisno, R.D., Hanudin, E., & Budhi, S.P.S. (2010). Penampilan fisiologi dan hasil rumput benggala (Panicum maximum Jacq.) pada tanah salin akibat pemberian pupuk kandang, gypsum dan sumber nitrogen. JIPI. 12 (1): 61-67

Qiao, J., Yang, L., Yan, T., Xue, F., & Zhao, D. (2013). Rice dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, soil mineral N around root and N leaching, with increasing application rates of fertilizer. Europ. J. Agronomy. 49:93-103.

Rajiman. (2020). Pengantar pemupukan. Deepublish. Yogyakarta. 128 hal.

Rajput, A., Rajput, S.S., & Jha, G. (2017). Physiological parameters leaf area index , crop growth rate , relative growth rate and net assimilation rate of different varieties of rice grown under different planting geometries and depths in SRI. Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (1): 362-367.

Ramija, K.E. (2013). Model Optimum Budidaya Padi Intensif Dengan Pertimbangan Gas Metan Pada Sawah Irigasi Teknis. Disertasi. Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan.

Saputra, I. (2016). Efek dosis pupuk nitrogen dan varietas terhadap efisiensi pemupukan, serapan hara N dan pertumbuhan padi lokal Aceh dataran rendah. Agro Samudra. 3(2):61-71.

Septiadi, D., & Joka, U. (2019). Analisis respon dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan beras Indonesia Agrimor 4 (3) 42-44.

Setyorini, D., Widowati, L.R., & Kasno, A. (2020). Respon varietas padi berpotensi hasil tinggi terhadap pemupukan nitrogen pada Inceptisols bertekstur ringan dan berat. Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim 44(1), 37–49.

Singh, A.P., Mani, B., & Giri, J. (2021). OsJAZ9 is involved in water-deficit stress tolerance by regulating leaf width and stomatal density in rice. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 162:161-170.

Sridevi, V., & Chellamuthu, V. (2015). Growth analysis and yield of rice as affected by different systems of rice intensification ( SRI ) practices l × w × k × number of leaves plant land area occupied by the plant RGR. International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences 3(4), 29–36.

Satoto & Suprihatno, B. (2008). Pengembangan padi hibrida di Indonesia. Iptek Tanaman Pangan, 3(1), 27–40.

Sytar, O., Brestic, M., Zivcak, M., Olsovska, K., Kovar, M., Shao, H., & He, X. (2017). Applying hyperspectral imaging to explore natural plant diversity towards improving salt stress tolerance. Science of the Total Environment. 578::90-99.

Xiao, M., Li, Y., Lu, B., & Miao, Z. (2018). Response of Physiological Indicators to Environmental Factors under Water Level Regulation of Paddy Fields in Southern China. Water. 10:1772.

Xiao-Ming, Y., Wei, L., Song-Wei, W., Qi-Rong, S., & Xiao-Hua, L. (2014). Effect of Nitrogen Starvation on the Responses of Two Rice Cultivars to Nitrate Uptake and Utilization. Pedosphere. 24(5):690-698.

Xie, X., Shan, S., Wang, Y., Cao, F., Chen, J., Huang, M., & Zou, Y. (2019). Dense planting with reducing nitrogen rate increased grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in two hybrid rice varieties across two light conditions. Field Crops Research. 236:24-32.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/15084

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons Licence

Jurnal Agro (J. Agro: ISSN 2407-7933) by http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.