Eksplorasi dan karakterisasi keragaman plasma nutfah tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) di pulau Belitung
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/15085Keywords:
Belitung, Eksplorasi, Keragaman, Plasma Nutfah, PadiAbstract
Banyak sumber daya genetik penting yang masih belum teridentifikasi di Pulau Belitung salah satunya adalah tanaman padi. Kegiatan eksplorasi dan identifikasi menjadi langkah yang tepat untuk mendapatkan jenis tanaman padi baru pada kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan eksplorasi, karakterisasi, dan menentukan hubungan kekerabatan dan variabilitas padi di Pulau Belitung. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Desember 2020 hingga Mei 2021. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksplorasi dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Karakter yang diidentifikasi terdiri dari karakter kualitatif dan karakter kuantitatif. Analisis kekerabatan menggunakan program NTSYS. Hasil penelitian didapatkan lima aksesi yaitu Rembiak, Siam, Cerai Merah, Ketan dan Merawang. Hasil uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT) menunjukkan aksesi padi lokal Belitung memiliki perbedaan yang nyata pada karakter umur panen (α 5%). Hasil analisis hubungan kekerabatan pada karakter kualitatif terdapat 2 grup dengan koefisien 0,64 atau 64%, kuantitatif terdapat 4 grup dengan koefisien 0,28 atau 28% dan gabungan dari karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif terdapat 4 grup dengan koefisien 0,33 atau 33%. Aksesi padi yang diperoleh terdapat variabilitas genetik luas yaitu pada karakter jumlah biji total serta variabilitas fenotip yang luas yaitu pada tinggi tanaman, umur panen dan berat 1000 benih.
ABSTRACT
Many important genetic resources have not identified yet on the Belitung Island, one of which is rice plant. Exploration and identification activities are the right steps to get a new type of rice plant in plant breeding activities. The objectives of research were to explore, characterize, and determine the relationship and variability of rice on Belitung Island. The experiment was conducted from December 2020 to May 2021. Research used exploratory methods with purposive sampling technique.The identified character consisted of qualitative and quantitative characters. Kinship analysis using the NTSYS program. The results of the study obtained five accessions namely Rembiak, Siam, Cerai Merah, Ketan and Merawang. Least Significance Different (LSD) results showed that local rice accession had a noticeable difference in the character of the harvest age (α 5%)." The results of the analysis of relationships in qualitative character there were 2 groups with coefficients of 0.64 or 64%, quantitative there were 4 grup with coefficients of 0.28 or 28% and a combination of qualitative and quantitative characters there were 4 groups with coefficients of 0.33 or 33%. Rice accession obtained contained extensive genetic variability in the character of the total number of seeds as well as wide phenotype variability on the plant height, harvest age and weight of 1000 seeds.
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