Antagonisme jamur rizosfer tanaman karet terhadap Rigidoporus microporus secara in vitro dan in planta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/17824Keywords:
Biokontrol, JAP, Trichoderma spAbstract
Penyakit jamur akar putih (JAP) yang disebabkan oleh Rigidoporus microporus merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman karet. Pengendalian penyakit JAP umumnya menggunakan fungisida sintetik yang berdampak buruk terhadap lingkungan dan berbiaya mahal. Salah satu cara pengendalian penyakit tular tanah yang lebih murah dan efisien adalah pemanfaatan mikroorganisme antagonis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji antagonisme jamur rizosfer tanaman karet (JRK) terhadap R. microporus. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari November 2021 hingga Februari 2022 menggunakan metode survei di Perkebunan Karet Rakyat (PKR) Sakambangan, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat serta metode eksperimental di Laboratorium Fitopatologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Rancangan Acak Lengkap digunakan untuk dua uji antagonisme yaitu dual culture (in vitro) berupa perlakuan 17 isolat JRK dan kontrol R. microporus serta uji potongan akar (in planta) berupa perlakuan 8 isolat JRK dan dua kontrol dengan tiga kali ulangan. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 17 isolat jamur termasuk genus Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Gliocladium, Paecilomyces, Acremonium dan Cladosporium, serta empat isolat tidak teridentifikasi. Semua isolat menghambat pertumbuhan R. microporus pada uji in vitro dan kolonisasi pada uji in planta dengan penghambatan tertinggi masing-masing 86,07% dan 85,33%. Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp. dan Penicillium sp. merupakan jamur antagonis potensial untuk mengendalikan R. microporus asal PKR Sakambangan.
ABSTRACT
White root rot disease (WRRD) incited by Rigidoporus microporus is an important disease in rubber plants. WRRD is commonly controlled using synthetic fungicide, nevertheless it is expensive and harmful to environment. One way to control soil-borne diseases that is considered cheaper, efficient and safer is by using antagonistic microorganisms. This study aimed to examine the antagonism of rubber plant rhizosphere fungi (RRF) against R. microporus. The research was carried out from November 2021 to February 2022. Research used survey method at a rubber plantation in Sakambangan, Garut Regency, West Java, and experimental method at the Phytopathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. A Completely Randomized Design was used for the two antagonism tests, namely dual culture (in vitro) of 17 RRF isolates and R. microporus as control treatment while a rubber root piece test (in planta) was used for testing 8 RRF isolates and two control treatments with three replications. The results derived 17 fungal isolates in the genera of Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Gliocladium, Paecilomyces, Acremonium, Cladosporium, and four unidentified. All isolates inhibited the growth (86.07%) and colonization (85.33%) of R. microporus. Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. are potential antagonists against R. microporus of Sakambangan rubber plantation origin.
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