Induksi ketahanan tanaman padi terhadap serangan pathogen busuk pelepah (Rhizoctonia solani) menggunakan halotoleran bakteri Diazotrof asal pantai utara Pemalang, Jawa Tengah


Fenty Chakimatul Isnaeni(1), Endang mugiastuti(2), Ni Wayan Anik Leana(3), Eka Oktaviani(4), Purwanto Purwanto(5*)

(1) Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia
(2) Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia
(3) , Indonesia
(4) universitas jenderal soedirman, Indonesia
(5) Scopus ID: 57191578095, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Padi merupakan komoditas pangan yang memiliki peranan terpenting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pokok masyarakat Indonesia. Ekstensifikasi produksi padi dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan lahan marjinal seperti lahan salin. Lahan salin merupakan lahan yang memiliki kadar kadar garam tinggi akibat intrusi air laut maupun tingginya laju evaporasi. Pengembangan budidaya padi di lahan salin memiliki kendala berupa serangan patogen busuk pelepah (Rhizoctonia solani). Alternatif pengendalian patogen selain menggunakan pestsida kimia, dapat dilakukan menggunakan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), seperti kelompok bakteri diazotrof. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi bakteri diazotrof lahan salin dalam meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman padi serta kemampuannya dalam memacu pertumbuhan padi yang terinfeksi R. solani. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Experimental Farm dan Laboratorium Agronomi & Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian Unsoed pada bulan Oktober 2021 - Februari 2022. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan 11 perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali, meliputi kontrol tanpa inokulasi bakteri diazotrof dan inokulasi isolat Ju1, Jn3, Jn1, J, J12, J5, Kn1, A3, Jn dan K3. Semua tanaman juga dinokulasi dengan Rhizoctonia solani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi bakteri diazotrof dapat meningkatkan ketahanan padi yang terinfeksi jamur R. solani, ditandai dengan penurunan intensitas penyakit hingga 70%, peningkatan kandungan saponin, tanin dan hidrokuinon, serta peningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan panjang akar total padi.

ABSTRACT

Rice is the most important  food commodity that supply the basic needs of the Indonesian people. The development of rice cultivation in salin land has obstacles in the form of attacks by sheat blight pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani). Alternative to controlling pathogens other than using chemical pesticides is by using Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), such as diazotroph bacteria. This research aimed to determine the potential of diazotrof bacteria in increasing rice resistance and its ability to stimulate the growth of rice infected with R. solani. The research was carried out at Experimental Farm and Agrohorti Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture Unsoed in October 2021 - February 2022. The design used was Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 11 treatments and repeated three times, including controls without inoculation of diazotroph bacteria and inoculation of isolates Ju1, Jn3, Jn1, J, J12, J5, Kn1, A3, Jn and K3. All plants were also inoculated with R. solani. The results showed that inoculation with diazotrof bacteria could increase the rice resistance towards attack of sheath blight pathogen (R. solani) that characterized by a decrease disease intensity up to 70%, increase saponins, tannins and hydroquinones content, also increase growth of plant height and total root length of rice.


Keywords


Busuk pelepah, diazotrof, ketahanan, padi, pertumbuhan, salin

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdullah, M. I. B. (2009). Physicochemical profiling and detection of phenolic constituents with antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Myristica fragrans HOUTT. Thesis. Universitas Semarang, Semarang.

Asih, E. D., Mukarlina, & Lovadi, I. (2015). Toleransi tanaman sawi hijau ( Brassica juncea L .) terhadap cekaman salinitas garam NaCl. Jurnal Protobiont, 4(1), 203–208.

Azalika, R. P., Sumardi, S., & Sukisno, S. (2018). Pertumbuhan dan hasil padi sirantau pada pemberian beberapa macam dan dosis pupuk kandang. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 20(1),26–32. https://doi.org/10.31186/jipi.20.1.26-32

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020. Berita Resmi Statistik, XVI(07), 1–16.

Carvalho, R. S., Carollo, C. A., de Magalhães, J. C., Palumbo, J. M. C., Boaretto, A. G., Nunes e Sá, I. C., Ferraz, A. C., Lima, W. G., de Siqueira, J. M., & Ferreira, J. M. S. (2018). Antibacterial and antifungal activities of phenolic compound-enriched ethyl acetate fraction from Cochlospermum regium (mart. Et. Schr.) Pilger roots: Mechanisms of action and synergism with tannin and gallic acid. South African Journal of Botany, 114, 181–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.11.010

Dewi, C. S. U., Kasitowati, R. D., Sari, S. H. J., Yamindago, A., Rohenda, A., & Fatmawati, R. (2020). Growth, biomass and phytochemical compound of seagrass (Case Study: Malang Regency Coastal). Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 12(3), 739–746. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v12i3.32228

Elwakil, M. A. (2003). Use of antioxidant hydroquinone in the control of seed-borne fungi of peanut with special reference to the production of good quality seed. Plant Pathology Journal, 2(2),75–79. https://doi.org/10.3923/ppj.2003.75.79.

Fitriatin, B. N., Yuniarti, A., Mulyanti, O., Fauziah, F. S. & Tiara, M. D. (2009). Pengaruh mikroorganisme pelarut fosfat dan pupuk P terhadap P tersedia , aktivitas fosfatase , populasi mikroorganisme pelarut fosfat , konsentrasi P tanaman dan hasil padi gogo (Oryza sativa L .) pada Ultisols. Jurnal Agrikultura, 20(3), 210–215.

Hafsah, S., & Zuyasna. (2013). Uji patogenesitas beberapa isolat penyakit busuk buah kakao asal Aceh dan evaluasi efektivitas metode inokulasi. Jurnal Agrista, 17(1), 42–48.

Hindersah, R., Kalay, M., Talahaturuson, A., & Lakburlawal, Y. (2018). Nitrogen fixing bacteria Azotobacter as biofertilizer and biocontrol in long bean. Agric, 30(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.24246/agric.2018.v30.i1.p25-32

Ikhsanti, A., Kurniasih, B., & Indradewa, D. (2018). Pengaruh aplikasi silika terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) pada kondisi salin. Vegetalika, 7(4), 1. https://doi.org/10.22146/veg.41144

Jia, Y., Correa-Victoria, F., McClung, A., Zhu, L., Liu, G., Wamishe, Y., Xie, J., Marchetti, M. A., Pinson, S. R. M., Rutger, J. N., & Correll, J. C. (2007). Rapid determination of rice cultivar responses to the sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani using a micro-chamber screening method. Plant Disease, 91(5), 485–489. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0485

Kankeaw, U., & Masong, E. (2015). The Antioxidant activity from hydroquinone derivatives by the synthesis of Cinnamomium verum J.Presl Bark’s extracted. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 6(2), 91–95. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijcea.2015.v6.458

Khaeruni, A., Rahim, A., Syair, S., & Adriani, A. (2014). Induksi ketahanan terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri pada tanaman padi di lapangan menggunakan rizobakteri indigenos. Jurnal Hama Dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika, 14(1), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11457-63

Khalimi, K., & Wirya G. N. A. S. (2012). Pemanfaatan plant growth promoting rhizobacteria untuk biostimulants dan bioprotectants. Ecotrophic: Journal of Environmental Science, 4(2), 131–135.

Kurniasih, F. P., & Soedradjad, R. (2019). Pengaruh kompos dan PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) pada lahan kering terhadap produksi sawi (Brassica rapa L.). Pertanian, 2(4), 159–163.

Lugtenberg, B. J. J., & Berg, G. (2013). PGPR , biocontrol , and disease-suppressive bacteria plant growth promotion by microbes. Molecular Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere, 2, 561–574.

Mahadiptha, P., Sudana, I. M., & Raka, I. G. N. (2017). Pengaruh rhizobakteria pelarut fosfat terhadap pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tanaman kedelai ( Glycine max ( L ) Merill ) terhadap patogen virus Mosaic. E-Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika, 6(2), 153–164.

Mayasani, N., Hikmahtunnazila, H., Lestari, W., & Roanisca, O. (2019). kajian fitokimia daun Syzygium zeylanicum menggunakan metode microwave assisted extraction ( MAE ). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian & Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat, 3, 1–4.

Milati, L. N., & Nuryanto, B. (2019). Periode kritis perkembangan tanaman padi terhadap penyakit hawar pelepah (Rhizoctonia solani) dan Pengaruhnya terhadap hasil. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 3(2), 61. https://doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v3n2.2019.p61-66

Nielsen, J. K., Nagao, T., Okabe, H., & Shinoda, T. (2010). Resistance in the plant, Barbarea vulgaris, and counter-adaptations in flea beetles mediated by saponins. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 36(3), 277–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-010-9758-6

Nuryani, W., Yusuf, S., Djatnika, I., Hanudin, E. & Marwoto, B. (2011). Pengendalian Penyakit layu fusarium pada subang gladiol dengan pengasapan dan biopestisida. Jurnal Hortikultura, 21(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v21n1.2011.p40-50

Nuryanto, B. (2017). Penyakit hawar pelepah (Rhizoctonia solani) pada padi dan taktik pengelolaannya. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 21(2), 63. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.22494

Pandey, V. P., Awasthi, M., Singh, S., Tiwari, S., & Dwivedi, U. N. (2017). A Comprehensive review on function and application of plant peroxidases. Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry, 06(01), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000308

Pratiwi, A., Krisjayanti, W., & Utami, D. I. (2021). Respon pertumbuhan tomat cherry (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) terhadap konsentrasi salinitas NaCl. Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 9(2), 30–42. https://e-journal.undikma.ac.id/index.php/bioscientistDOI:https://doi.org/10.33394/bjib.v9i1.

Prihatiningsih, Djatmiko, H.A., Lestari, P. (2019). Bakteri rizosfer padi sebagai agens hayati Xanthomonas oryzae PV. oryzae dan pengaruhnya terhadap perkecambahan benih padi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Dan Call for Papers, 1(November), 13–21.

Rosyida, R., & Nugroho, A. S. (2017). Pengaruh dosis pupuk npk majemuk dan PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) terhadap bobot basah dan kadar klorofil daun tanaman pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 6(2), 42–56. https://doi.org/10.26877/bioma.v6i2.1716

Rusmana. (2017). Rasio tajuk akar tanaman melon (Cucumis melo L.) pada media tanam dan ketersediaan air yang berbeda. Jur. Agroekotek, 9(2), 137–142.

Saepudin, Nurdiana, D., & Nafi'ah, H.H. (2020). Pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh akar dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) terhadap pertumbuhan setek vanili (Vanilla planifolia Andrews). JAGROS Journal of Agrotechnology Science, 17(1), 87–92. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40021507088/ja/

Salman, S. (2019). Respon tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril) terhadap kombinasi dosis PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) dan pupuk phonska. Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, 7(2), 64. https://doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v7i2.119

Shrivastava, P., & Kumar, R. (2015). Soil salinity: A serious environmental issue and plant growth promoting bacteria as one of the tools for its alleviation. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22(2), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.12.001.

Siregar, A.P, Satria, M.Z.R, Mulyono, I.T, Wijayanti, Y.N. (2020). Pemetaan Neraca Beras Dalam Rangka Mempersiapkan Penyediaan Kebutuhan Pokok Utama Masyarakat Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19 Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, Jurnal, 4(3), 679–694. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jepa.2020.004.03.22

Soenartiningsih, Akil, M., & Andayani, N. N. (2015). Cendawan tular tanah (Rhizoctonia solani) penyebab penyakit busuk pelepah pada tanaman jagung dan sorgum dengan komponen pengendaliannya. Iptek Tanaman Pangan, 10(2), 85–92.

Sunawan & Sugiarto. (2020). Aplikasi dosis pupuk urea dan umur bibit terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi ketan (Oryza sativa glutinous L.). Folium : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 4(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.33474/folium.v4i1.6427

Suwanda, M. H., & Noor, M. (2014). Kebijakan Pemanfaatan lahan rawa pasang surut untuk mendukung kedaulatan pangan nasional. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Edisi Khusus, 8(3), 31–40.

Trdá, L., Janda, M., Macková, D., Pospíchalová, R., Dobrev, P. I.,

Burketová, L., & Matušinsky, P. (2019). Dual mode of the saponin aescin in plant protection: antifungal agent and plant defense elicitor. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10(November), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01448

Viégas, R. A., Silveira, J. A. G. da, Lima Junior, A. R. de, Queiroz, J. E., & Fausto, M. J. M. (2001). Effects of NaCl-salinity on growth and inorganic solute accumulation in young cashew plants. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 5(2), 216–222. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662001000200007

Wasano, K., Oro, S., & Kido, Y. (1983). The syringe inoculation method for selecting rice plants resistant to sheath blight, (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn). Japanese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 27(3), 131–139.

Yanti, Y. (2015). Peroxidase enzyme activity of rhizobacteria-introduced shallots bulbs to induce resistance of shallot towards bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv Allii). Procedia Chemistry, 14(February), 501–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2015.03.067

Yu, Y., Gui, Y., Li, Z., Jiang, C., Guo, J., & Niu, D. (2022). Induced systemic resistance for improving plant immunity by beneficial microbes. Plants, 11(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030386




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/18516

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons Licence

Jurnal Agro (J. Agro: ISSN 2407-7933) by http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.