Optimasi komposisi media untuk mikropropagasi tanaman kupa (Syzygium polycephalum (Miq.) Merr. & L.M Perry)


Muhamad Ayi Pandu Perdana(1), Diah Ratnadewi(2*), Tri Muji Ermayanti(3)

(1) Biology Department, Fac. Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University,  
(2) Biology Department, Fac. Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Indonesia
(3) Pusat Riset Rekayasa Genetika, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Jalan Raya Cibinong Km 46, Bogor,  
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Kupa (Syzygium polycephalum (Miq.) Merr. & L.M Perry) merupakan tanaman berkayu yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan obat dan zat pewarna. Kupa sudah jarang ditemukan di beberapa wilayah Indonesia, oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya konservasi. Kultur jaringan adalah salah satu teknik yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk perbanyakan tanaman dan konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan komposisi media yang optimum untuk mikropropagasi kupa. Penelitian terdiri atas 3 tahap percobaan, yaitu multiplikasi tunas menggunakan eksplan buku tunggal dan tunas pucuk pada media dasar DKW dan MS, yang mengandung BAP dan IBA; perakaran menggunakan substrat agar atau campuran pasir + vermikulit, ditambah larutan DKW atau MS, dan IBA; dan aklimatisasi. Semua percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media MS + BAP 1 mg L-1 + IBA 0,1 mg L-1 merupakan media terbaik untuk perbanyakan dan tinggi tunas dari eksplan buku tunggal. Tunas terbanyak dari eksplan tunas pucuk didapatkan dari media DKW + BAP 1 mg L-1 + IBA 0,1 mg L-1. Media Pasir + Vermikulit dengan larutan MS maupun DKW memberikan 100% tunas berakar. Planlet yang berasal dari media pasir + vermikulit dengan pemberian larutan MS menghasilkan jumlah dan panjang akar lebih baik, dan daya hidup tertinggi pada tahap aklimatisasi.

ABSTRACT

Kupa (Syzygium polycephalum (Miq.) Merr. & L.M Perry) is a woody plant, which has many benefits including herbal medicine and coloring matter. Kupa is rarely found in some parts of Indonesia, therefore the conservation is needed. Tissue culture is a technique applied for propagation and conservation. This study aimed to obtain the optimal media composition for kupa micropropagation. The study consisted of 3 steps, i.e. shoot multiplication using single node and shoot tips explants cultured in basic media DKW and MS containing BAP and IBA; rooting in two different substrates, agar and a mixture of vermiculite + sand, enriched with DKW or MS solution, and IBA; and acclimatization. All experiments used a factorial completely randomized design. The results showed that MS +BAP 1 mg L-1 + IBA 0.1 mg L-1 was the best for shoot multiplication and shoot height from single node explants. Media of DKW + BAP 1 mg L-1+ IBA 0.1 mg L-1 was the best for multi-shoots from shoot tip explant. Sand + vermiculite media with MS or DKW solution produced 100% rooted-plantlets. Plantlets derived from sand + vermiculite with MS solution gave the best root number and length, and it also the highest survival rate at the acclimatization stage.


Keywords


kultur jaringan, perakaran, substrat agar, substrat pasir, vermikulit

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/20958

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