Penetuan dosis pupuk nitrogen, fosfor, dan kalium optimum untuk padi sawah varietas bioemas agritan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/23187Keywords:
Padi, Pemupukan, OptimumAbstract
Fertilizer requirements for each rice variety are different from other varieties. Research on the optimum dosage of fertilization on new superior varieties is needed to obtain optimum growth and yield. This study aims to determine the optimum dosage of N, P, and K fertilizer for the growth and productivity of lowland rice of the Bioemas Agritan variety. The research was conducted at Banten Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, from February 2022 to June 2022 on soils with very low C-organic and total N conditions. The study consisted of three parallel experiments, namely the N, and P, K fertilization experiment using a single factor randomized  complete block design which was repeated three times. Fertilizer dosages consist of five levels, namely 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200% of the reference dosage. Determination of the optimum dosage based on the maximum value of the relative yield quadratic equation. The optimum fertilizer dosage for the lowland rice variety Bioemas Agritan is 140,93% of the reference dosage or equivalent to 422,79 kg ha-1 urea, while the optimum dosage of P2O5 and K2O fertilizer cannot be determined.
ABSTRAK
Â
Kebutuhan pupuk setiap varietas padi berbeda antara varietas satu dengan varietas lainnya. Penelitian dosis optimum pemupukan pada varietas unggul baru diperlukan untuk mendapatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil yang optimum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis optimum pupuk N, P, K untuk pertumbuhan dan produktivitas padi sawah varietas Bioemas Agritan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di BPTP Banten, pada bulan Februari 2022 sampai dengan Juni 2022 pada tanah dengan kondisi C-organik dan N total sangat rendah. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga percobaan paralel yaitu percobaan pemupukan N, P, K menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak faktor tunggal yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Dosis pupuk terdiri atas lima taraf yaitu 0, 50, 100, 150, dan 200 % dari dosis acuan. Penentuan dosis optimum berdasarkan nilai maksimum dari persamaan kuadratik hasil relatif. Dosis pupuk optimum untuk padi sawah varietas Bioemas Agritan adalah 140,93% dari dosis acuan atau setara dengan 422,79 kg ha-1 urea, sedangkan dosis optimum pupuk P2O5 dan K2Otidak dapat ditentukan.
References
Adi, D.D., Lubis, I., Suwarto & Sugiyanta. (2019). Determination of the optimum rates for N, P, and K fertilizer for upland rice variety “IPB 9Gâ€. J. Trop. Crop Sci., 6(3), 164-173. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.03.164-173
Adviany, I & Maulana, D.D. (2019). Pengaruh pupuk organik dan jarak tanam terhadap C-organik, populasi jamur tanah dan bobot kering akar serta hasil padi sawah pada Inceptisols Jatinangor, Sumedang. AGROTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH JOURNAL, 3(1), 28-35. doi:10.20961/agrotechresj.v3i1.30382
Aleminew, A., Alemayehu, G., Adgo, E., & Tadesse, T. (2020). Influence of nitrogen on the growth and use efficiency of rainfed lowland rice in Northwest Ethiopia. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1–16. doi:10.1080/01904167.2020.1771574
Alou, I.N., van der Laan, M., Annandale, J.G., & Steyn, J.M. (2020). Water and nitrogen (N) use efficiency of upland rice (Oryza sativa L. × Oryza glaberrima Steud) under varying N application rates.
Nitrogen, 1(2), 151-166. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen1020013
An, N., Wei, W., Qiao, L., Zhang, F., Christie, P., Jiang, R., Dobermann, A., Goulding, K., Fan, J., & Fan, M. (2018). Agronomic and environmental causes of yield and nitrogen use efficiency gaps in Chinese rice farming systems. Eur J Agron., 93, 40–49. doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2017.11.001.
Arrasyid, B., Lubis, I., Suwarto & Purnamawati, H. (2020). Penentuan dosis N, P, dan K optimum untuk padi gogo kultivar Mayas lokal Kalimantan. J. Agron. Indones, 48(1), 8-14. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v48i1.2921
Atapattu, A.J., Rohitha Prasantha, B.D., Amaratunga, K.S.P, & Marambe, B. (2018). Increased rate of potassium fertilizer at the time of heading enhances the quality of direct seeded rice. Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric., 5(22), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-018-0136-x
Badawi, M.A., Seadh, S.E., Naeem, E.S.B., & El-Iraqi, A.S.E.I. (2017). Effect of phosphorus fertilizer levels on productivity and grains quality of some rice cultivars. J. Plant Prod. Sci., 8, 411-415. https://doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2017.39996
Chairunnisak, Sugiyanta & Santosa, E. (2018). Nitrogen use efficiency of local and national aromatic rice varieties in Indonesia. J. Trop. Crop. Sci, 5(3), 79-88.https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.5.3.79-88
Doberman, A. & T.H. Fairhust (2000). Rice Nutrient Disorders and Nutrient Management. Manila (PH): Potash and Phosphate Institute of Canada and International Rice Research Institute.
Fageria, N.K., Moreira, A., Moraes, L.A.C. & Moraes, M.F. (2014). Nitrogen uptake and use efficiency in upland rice under two nitrogen sources. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 45(4), 461-469. DOI: 10.1080/00103624.2013.861907
Firnia, D. 2018. Dinamika unsur fosfor pada tiap horison profil tanah masam. Jur. Agroekotek, 10(1), 45–52.
Gani, A. (2009). Keunggulan pupuk majemuk NPK lambat urai untuk tanaman padi sawah. J. Penelit. Pertan., 28, 148-157.
Gewaily, E.E., Ghoneim, A.M., & Osman, M.M. (2018). Effects of nitrogen levels on growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of some newly released Egyptian rice genotypes. Open Agric, 2018, 310-318. https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0034
Gholizadeh, A., Saberioon, M., Borůvka, L., Wayayok, A., & Mohd Soom, M. A. (2017). Leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen dynamics and their relationship to lowland rice yield for site-specific paddy management. Information Processing in Agriculture, 4(4), 259-268.
doi:10.1016/j.inpa.2017.08.002
Haefele, S.M., Jabbar, S.M.A, Siopongco, J.D.L.C, Tirol-Padre, A., Amarante, S.T., Sta Cruz, P.C., & Cosico, W.C. (2008). Nitrogen use efficiency in selected rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under different water regimes and nitrogen levels. Field Crops Research., 107(2), 137–146. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2008.01.007
Hidayah, F., Santosa, S. & Putri, R.E. (2019). Model prediksi hasil panen berdasarkan pengukuran non destruktif nilai klorofil tanaman padi. Agritech, 39(4), 289-297. https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.34893
Hou, W., Shen, J., Xu, W., Khan, M.R., Wang, Y., Zhou, X., Gao, Q., Murtaza, B., & Zhang, Z. (2021). Recommended nitrogen rates and the verification of effects based on leaf SPAD readings of rice. PeerJ, 9, e12107. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12107.
Husnain, L.R. Widowati, I. Las, M. Sarwani, S. Rochayati, D. Setyorini, W. Hartatik, I.B.M. Subiksa, I.W. Suastika, & L. Angria et al. 2020. Penetapan rekomendasi pupuk N, P, dan K spesifik lokasi untuk tanaman padi pada lahan sawah (per kecamatan) Provinsi Banten. F.F Agung, A.P. Saputra, & T.P. Wijaya (Eds.). Rekomendasi Pupuk N, P dan K Spesifik Lokasi untuk Tanaman Padi, Jagung dan Kedelai pada Lahan Sawah (Per Kecamatan) Buku I: Padi. pp. 130-139. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian.
Ismon, L. (2016). Kajian pemupukan fosfor pada tiga tingkat status fosfor tanah terhadap tanaman padi sawah di Kabupaten Dharmasraya Sumatera Barat. J. pengkaj. pengemb. teknol. pertan., 19(1), 71-84.
Jamil, A., Abdulrachman, S., & Syam, M. (2014). Dinamika anjuran dosis pemupukan N, P, dan K pada padi sawah. Iptek Tanaman Pangan, 9(2), 63-77.
Kalala, A.M., Amuri, N.A., & Semoka, J.M.R. (2017). Optimum levels of phosphorus and potassium for rice in lowland areas of Kilombero District, Tanzania. Int. j. agric. for., 6(1), 26-33. doi:10.11648/j.aff.20170601.14
Kalala, M. A., Amuri, N.A., & Semoka, J.M.R. (2016). Response of rice to phosphorus and potassium fertilization based on nutrient critical levels in plants and soils of Kilombero Valley. J. Adv. Res., 7(5), 1-12. DOI: 10.9734/AIR/2016/26368
Kasno, A. & Rostaman, T. (2017). Respons tanaman padi terhadap pemupukan N pada lahan sawah tadah hujan. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 1(3), 201-210.
Kemala, N., Supriadi & Sabrina, T. (2017). Pemetaan C-Organik di lahan sawah daerah irigasi Pantoan Kecamatan Siantar Kabupaten Simalungun. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi FP USU, 5(3), 729- 739
[Kementan] Kementerian Pertanian. (2021). Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia Nomor 171/HK.540/C/09/2021 tentang Pelepasan Calon Varietas Padi Inprida DR2-46-1-1 sebagai Varietas Unggul dengan Nama Bioemas Agritan. Jakarta: Kementan.
Lestari, S.A.D, Melati, M., & Purnamawati, H. (2015). Penentuan dosis optimum pemupukan N, P, dan K pada tanaman kacang bogor [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt]. J. Agron. Indones., 43(3), 193-200. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v43i3.11244
Li, Y., Chen, Y., Wu, C.Y., Tang, X., & Ji, X.J. (2015). Determination of optimum nitrogen application rates in Zhejiang Province, China, based on rice yields and ecological security. J. Integr. Agric., 4(12), 2426-2433. doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61168-61
Liu, X., Xu, S., Zhang, J., Ding, Y., Li, G., Wang, S., & Chen, L. (2016). Effect of continuous reduction of nitrogen application to a rice-wheat rotation system in the middle-lower Yangtze River region (2013–2015). Field Crops Research., 196, 348-356. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2016.07.003
Lu, D.J., Li, C.Z., Sokolwski, E., Magen, H., Chen, X.Q., Wang, H.Y., & Zhou, J.M. (2017). Crop yield and soil available potassium changes as affected by potassium rate in rice–wheat systems. Field Crops Res., 214, 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.08.025
Ma, J.Y., Chen, T.T., Lin, J., Fu, W.M, Feng, B.H., Li, G.Y., Li, H., Li, J.C., Wu, Z.H, Tao, L.X., & Fu, G.F. (2022). Functions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in energy status and their influences on rice growth and development. Rice Science, 29(2),166-178.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2022.01.005
Mboyerwa, P. A., Kibret, K., Mtakwa, P.W., & Aschalew, A. (2021). Evaluation of growth, yield, and water productivity of paddy rice with water-saving irrigation and optimization of nitrogen fertilization. Agronomy, 11, 1629.doi:10.3390/agronomy11081629
Nagumo, T., Tajima, S., Chikushi, S., & Yamashita, A. (2013). Phosphorus balance and soil phosphorus status in paddy rice fields with various fertilizer practices. Plant Prod. Sci., 16(1), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1626/pps.16.69
Naher, U.A., Saleque, M.A., Panhwar, Q.A. Radziah, O., & Jusop, S. (2011). Techniques of efficient fertilizer management for wetland rice, a review. Austr. J. Crop Sci., 5(12), 1661-1669. http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/23757
Peng, J., Feng, Y., Wang, X., Li, J., Xu, G., Phonenasay, S., Luo, Q., Han, Z., & Lu, W. (2021). Effects of nitrogen application rate on the photosynthetic pigment, leaf fluorescence characteristics, and yield of indica hybrid rice and their interrelations. Sci. Rep., 11(1), 7485. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86858-z
Peng, S., Roland, J.B., Jianliang, H., Jianchang, Y., Yingbin, Z., Xuhua, Z., Guanghuo, W., & Fusuo, Z. (2006). Strategies for overcoming low agronomic nitrogen use efficiency in irrigated rice systems in China. Crop Res., 96(1), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2005.05.004
Rahma, S., Yusran, & Umar, H. (2014). Sifat kimia tanah pada berbagai tipe penggunaan lahan di Desa Bobo Kecamatan Palolo Kabupaten Sigi. Warta Rimba, 2(1): 88ï€95. http://jurnal.untad.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/WartaRimba/issue/view/1967
Rahmad, D., Nurmiaty, Halid, E., Ridwan, A., & Baba, B. (2022). Karakterisasi pertumbuhan dan produksi beberapa varietas padi unggul. Agroplantae, 11(1), 37–45.
Rajesh, K., Thatikunta, R., Naik, D.S., & Arunakumari, J. (2017). Effect of different nitrogen levels on morpho-physiological and yield parameters in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci., 6(8), 2227-2240. DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.608.262
Rea, R., Islam, M., Rahman, M., & Mix, K. (2019). Study of nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice influenced by deep placement of nitrogen fertilizers. SAARC J. Agric., 17(1), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i1.42764.
Riyani, R. & Purnamawati, H. (2019). Pengaruh metode pemupukan kalium terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas padi gogo (Oryza sativa L.) varietas IPB 9G. Bul Agrohort, 7(3), 363-374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v7i3.30473
Schmierer, M., Knopf, O., & Asch, F. (2021). Growth and photosynthesis responses of a super dwarf rice genotype to shade and nitrogen supply. Rice Sci, 28(2), 178-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2021.01.007
Suwarto, Adi, D.D., Lubis, I., & Sugiyanta. (2021). Efisiensi penggunaan nitrogen pada padi gogo varietas IPB 9G. J. Agron. Indones., 49(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v49i1.33626
Syamsiyah, K.N. & Wicaksono, K.S. (2023). Evaluasi retensi hara pada lahan padi di Kabupaten Pamekasan. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 10(1), 175–184. doi:10.21776/ub.jtsl.2023.010.1.20
Tahir, R.M., A.M. Noor-us-Sabah, A.M., G. Sarwar, I. Rasool, & I.R. Norka. (2019). Smart nutrition management of rice crop under climate change environment. In Y. Jia (Eds). Protecting Rice Grains in The Post-Genomic Era. pp. 1-11. UK: IntechOpen Limited. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86094
Watkins, K.B., Hignight, J.A., Norman, R.J., Roberts, T.L., Slaton, N.A., Wilson Jr, C.E., & Frizzell, D.L. (2010). Comparison of economic optimum nitrogen rates for rice in Arkansas. Agron. J., 102(4), 1099-1108. doi:10.2134/agronj2009.0497
Witt, C., R.J. Buresh, S. Peng, V. Balasubramanian, & A. Dobermann. (2007). Nutrient management. In T.C. Fairhurst, C. Witt, & R. Buresh, A. Dobermann (Eds). Rice: A Practical Guide to Nutrient Management. pp. 1-45. Metro Manila, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.
Yang, H., Li, J., Yang, J., Wang, H., Zou, J., & He, J. (2014). Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Leaf Age on the Distribution Pattern of Leaf SPAD Readings in the Rice Canopy. PLoS ONE, 9(2), e88421. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088421
Ye, T.H., Li, Y.W., Zhang, J.L., Hou, W.F., Zhou, W.F., Lu, J.W., Xing, Y.Z., & Li, X.K. (2019). Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization affects the flowering time of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Glob Ecol. 20(2019), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00753
Zhang, J., Tong, T., Potcho, P.M., Huang, S., Ma, L. & Tang, X. (2020). Nitrogen effects on yield, quality, and physiological characteristics of giant rice. Agronomy, 10, 1816. doi: 10.3390/agronomy10111816
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exlusive right and licence of first publication for the full legal term of copyright with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- Authors also grant any third party the right to use the articles freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
- Jurnal Agro is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author’s responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author
- The corresponding author must sign the License to Publish Agreement Form at the time of submission of his/her manuscript.
Jurnal Agro (J. Agro: ISSN 2407-7993) by http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.