Penampilan agronomi tanaman bawang merah varietas lokananta hasil induksi mutasi kolkisin pada beberapa media tanam

Authors

  • Nanda Dwi Pramesti Jurusan Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia
  • Khavid Faozi Jurusan Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia
  • Fatichin Fatichin Jurusan Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia
  • Ponendi Hidayat Jurusan Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia
  • Siti Nurchasanah Jurusan Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/29677

Keywords:

Shallot, Colchicine, Lokananta, Media, mutation

Abstract

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L) is an important horticultural sub-sector commodity and potential to be developed. Nevertheless, the production fluctuates due to the use of vegetative seeds in cultivation. Currently, there are still a few true seed shallot (TSS) varieties circulating for production. TSS diversity is needed by the colchicine mutation supported by a proper planting media composition. The experiment aimed to determine the effect and obtain the best colchicine concentration with media composition on the performance of Lokananta shallot. The experiment used a randomized group design with two factors. The first factor was colchicine concentrations i.e. 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%. The second factor was the composition of media i.e. soil + goat manure), soil + husk charcoal, and soil + husk charcoal + manure. The observations were the percentage of growing seeds (%), growth, and yield characteristics. The results showed that the concentration of colchicine and planting media affected on plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, dry plant weight, dry bulb weight, escaped dry bulb weight, number of tillers, and number of bulbs. Colchicine concentration with media composition only interacted on fresh plant weight with 0.75% colchicine with planting media soil + manure (1:1). Bawang merah merupakan komoditas hortikultura penting dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai tanaman obat. Produksi bawang merah masih fluktuatif karena menggunakan benih vegetatif pada budidayanya. Saat ini, masih sedikit varietas true seed shallot (TSS) yang beredar di masyarakat. Diperlukan keragaman TSS melalui mutasi dengan kolkisin dan didukung komposisi media tanam yang tepat. Percobaan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan memperoleh konsentrasi kolkisin dengan komposisi media terbaik terhadap penampilan bawang merah Lokananta. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama konsentrasi kolkisin yang terdiri dari konsentrasi 0%, 0,25%, 0,50%, dan 0,75%. Faktor kedua komposisi media tanam yang terdiri atas tanah + pupuk kandang kambing, tanah + arang sekam, dan tanah + arang sekam + pupuk kandang kambing. Variabel pengamatan yaitu persentase benih tumbuh (%), karakter agronomi dan hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi kolkisin dan komposisi media tanam berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman, luas daun, jumlah daun, bobot tanaman kering, bobot umbi kering, bobot umbi kering eskip, luas daun, jumlah anakan, dan jumlah umbi. Konsentrasi kolkisin dengan komposisi media hanya berinteraksi pada bobot tanaman segar. Pemberian kolkisin 0,75% dengan komposisi media tanam tanah + pupuk kandang kambing (1:1) mampu meningkatkan bobot tanaman segar.

Author Biography

Siti Nurchasanah, Jurusan Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Jurusan Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitaas Jenderal Soedirman

References

Ade, R. & Rai, M.K. (2010). Review : Colchicine, current advances and future prospects. Bioscience, 2(2), pp.90–96. https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n020207

Acquaah, G. (2015). Conventional plant breeding principle and techniques. Andvances in plant breeding strategies breeding biotechnology and molecular tools. 1st Edition, pp115-158 Springer Plubisher.

Adiyoga, W. & Nurmalinda. (2012). Analisis konjoin preferensi konsumen terhadap atribut produk kentang, bawang merah, dan cabai merah. J. Hort., 22(3): 292- 302. https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v22n3.2012.p292-302

Aili, E.N., Respatijarti, & Sugiharto, A.N. (2016). Pengaruh pemberian kolkisin terhadap penampilan fenotip galur inbrida jagung pakan (Zea mays L.) pada fase pertumbuhan vegetatif. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 4(5): 370-377.

Ajayi, A.T., Ohunakin, A.O., Osekita, O.S., & Oki, O.C. (2014). Influence of colchicine treatments on character expression and yield traits in cowpea (Viga unguiculata L. Walp). Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: C Biological Science. 14: 14-20.

Andalasari, T.D., Widagdo, S., Ramadiana, S., & Purwati, E. (2017). Pengaruh media tanam dan pupuk organic cair (POC) terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian: 28-34.

Anisyah, F., Sipayung, R., & Hanum, C. (2014). Pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah dengan pemberian berbagai pupuk organik. JurnalOnline Agroekoteknologi, 2(2): 482-496.

Aida, R., Kishimoto. S., Tanaka. Y and Shibata.M. (2000). Modification of flower color in torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind.) by genetic transformation. Plant Science, 153(1). pp. 33–42 doi: 10.1016/S0168-9452(99) 00239-3.

Anjarwati, H., Sriyanto, W., & Setyastuti, P. (2017). Pengaruh macam media dan takaran pupuk kandang kambing terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil sawi hijau (Brassica rapa L.). Vegetalika, 6(1): 35-45. https://doi.org/10.22146/veg.25983

Azizah, N., Haryono, G., & Tujiyanta. (2016). Respon macam pupuk organik dan macam mulsa terhadap hasil tanaman sawi caisim (Brassica juncea l.) var. Tosakan. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Tropika dan Subtropika, 1(1): 44 – 51. Bani, P.W., Naisumu, Y.G., Hamas, D.F., & Nahak, A.B. (2022). Identifikasi perubahan fenotip pada pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang putih lokal Eban (Allium sativum L.) yang diberi perlakuan kolkisin. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia, 18(1): 121-126. https://doi.org/10.47349/jbi/18012022/121

Barrowi & Suwandi. (2009). Memahami Percobaan Kuantitatif. Rineka Cipta: Jakarta.

Broertjes, C. & A.M. van Harten. (1988). Applied mutation breeding for vegetatively propagated crops. Book. Vol 12 (345pp). Elsivier Science Publishers B,V. Amsterdam-Oxford-New York_Tokyo.

Data Indonesia. (2022). https://dataindonesia.id/industri-perdagangan/detail/indonesia-produksi-bawang-merah-sebanyak-197-juta-ton-pada-2022. Deninta, N., Onggo, T. M., & Kusumiyati, K. (2017). Pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi dan metode aplikasi hormon GA3 terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman brokoli kultivar Lucky di Lembang. Indonesian Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(2): 9–1. https://doi.org/10.24198/ijas.v7i2.10710 Gardner, F.P., Pearce, R.B., & Mitchelll, R.L. (1991). Fisiologi Tanaman Budidaya. Penerbit UI Press: Jakarta.

Hanafiah, D.S., Trikoesoemaningtyas., Yahya. S. & Wirnas. D. (2012). Penggunaan mikro irradiasi sinar gamma untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik pada varietas kedelai argomulyo (Glycine max (L.) Merr. Jurnal Natur Indonesia, 14(1), p.80. https://doi.org/10.31258/jnat.14.1.80-85

Haryadi, D., Yetti, H., & Yoseva, S. (2015). Pengaruh pemberian beberapa jenis pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kailan (Brassica alboglabra L.). Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Faperta, 2(2): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.33506/md.v10i2.292

Hidayati, S., Nurlina, N., & Purwanti, S. (2021). Uji Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi dengan Pemberian Macam Pupuk Organik dan Pupuk Nitrogen. Jurnal Pertanian Cemara, 18(2):81–89. https://doi.org/10.24929/fp.v18i2.1638

Husain, Indriati. Tedy S, & Sutrisno Hadi P. (2022). Induksi mutasi menggunakan kolkisin pada umbi bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum l.) varietas Tajuk. J. Hort. Indonesia, 13(1):1-7 https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.13.1.1-7 Irozuru, C. E., Olugbodi, J. O., Arunsi, U. O., & Ladeji, O. (2021). Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant capacities of Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica using in vitro and in vivo models, AROC in Food and Nutrition, 1(1),41-52. https://doi.org/10.53858/arocfn01014152 Jala, A. (2014). Colchicine and duration time in survival rate and micropropagation of Dionaea muscipula Ellis. African Journal of Plant Science, 8(6): 291-297. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2014.1177 Julianto, R.P.D., Sumiati, A., & Agastya I.M.I. (2022). Pengaruh kolkisin terhadap optimalisasi minyak atsiri tanaman jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). Jurnal Buana Sains, 22(3): 99-110. Kania, S. R. & Maghfoer, M.D. (2018). Pengaruh dosis pupuk kandang kambing dan waktu aplikasi pgpr terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 6(3): 407-414. https://doi.org/10.33059/jupas.v6i2.1767 Komariah, A., Ria, E.R., Windy, Noertjahyani, Budiasih, & Masnenah, E. (2021). Agronomic characteristic polyploidy with different planting media. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 748(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/748/1/012037 Kementerian Pertanian. (2014). Laporan Kinerja Perdagangan Komoditas Pertanian. KEMENTAN Press> Jakarta. Kementerian Pertanian. (2020). Laporan Tahunan Direktorat Jendral Hortikultura Tahun 2018. Ditjen Hortikultura Kementerian Pertanian. Jakarta.

Lertsutthichawan, A. Ruamrungsri. S., Duangkongsan. W. & Saetiew. K., (2017). Induced mutation of chrysanthemum by colchicine. International Journal of Agriculture technology, 13(7), pp. 2325–2332. Lv, Z., Zhu, F., Jin, D., Wu, Y., & Wang, S. (2021). Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Dendrocalumus brandisii in vitro, and the Inhibitory Mechanism of Colchicine. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 784581. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.784581 Maharijaya, A. (2011). Pemuliaan dan bioteknologi tanaman cabai sebagai salah satu sayuran utama di Indonesia. Proceeding Olimpiade Karya Tulis Inovatif (OKTI 2011). Paris 8-9 Oktober 2011.

Mahyuni, R., Girsang, E.S.B., & Hanafiah, D.S. (2015). Pengaruh pemberian kolkisin terhadap morfologi dan jumlah kromosom tanaman binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis). Jurnal Agroekoteknologi, 4(1): 1815-1821.

Manzoor, A. T. Ahmad, MA. Bashir, MMQ. Baig, AA. Quresh, MKN. Shah,& IA. Hafiz. (2018). Induction and Identification of Colchicine Induced Polyploidi in Gladiolus grandiflourus’’ White Prosperity’’. Folia Hoticulturae, 30(2): 307-319. https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2018-0026

Manzoor, A., Ahmad, T., & Bashir, M.A. (2019). Studies on colchicine induced chromosome doubling for enhancement of quality traits in ornamental plants. Plants, 8(7), pp. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8070194

Menteri Pertanian. (2017). Keputusan Menteri Pertanian. Pemberian Tanda Daftar Varietas Tanaman Hortikultura. No. Publikasi: 059/Kpts/SR.120/D.2.7/6/2017.

Nofitahesti, I. & Daryono, B.S. (2016). Karakter fenotip kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) hasil produksi poliploidisasi dengan kolkisin. Jurnal Sains dan Pendidikan Sains, 5(2): 90-98. Putra, Bagus K., & Andy S. (2019). induksi poliploidi pada bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum l.) dengan pemberiaan kolkisin. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman. Vol. 7 No. 6, Juni 2019: 1053–1058. Pradana, D. A., & Hartatik, S. (2019). Pengaruh kolkisin terhadap karakter morfologi tanaman terung (Solanum melongena L.). Berkala ilmiah pertanian, 2(4),155-158.https://doi.org/10.19184/bip.v2i4.16314 Pramitasari, H.E., Wardiyati, T., & Nawawi, M. (2016). Pengaruh dosis pupuk nitrogen dan tingkat kepadatan tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kailan (Brassica oleraceae L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 4(1): 49-56. Sari, Y., Sobir, M. Syukur, & Diny Dinarti. (2019). Induksi poliploid tss (true shallot seed) bawang merah varietas Trisula menggunakan kolkisin. J. Hort. Indonesia, Desember 2019, 10(3):145-153 https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.10.3.145-153 Sarioa, J., Kasmiyati, S., & Hastuti, S. P. (2022). Penghambatan Perkecambahan dan Pertumbuhan Kecambah Tagetes erecta pada Media Mengandung Kromium Heksavalen. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi, 7(2),144-152. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.7.2.2022.144-152 Sartika, D., Agustrina, R., Ernawiati, E., & Irawan, B. (2020). The Role of Kolkisin in Multiplication of Planlet Banana Kepok Abu Poliploidi in Vitro. Jurnal Natur Indonesia, 18(2), 76-81.

Sartika, T. V., & Basuki, N. (2017). Pengaruh konsentrasi kolkisin terhadap perakitan putative mutan semangka (Citrullus lanatus). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 5(10): 1669–1677.

Sitompul, S.M. & Guritno, B. (1995). Analisis pertumbuhan tanaman. Gadjah Mada University Press: Yogyakarta.

Susanti, A., Aristya, G.R., Sutikno, & Kasiamdari, R.S. (2015). Karakterisasi morfologi dan anatomi stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa D. cv. Festival) hasil induksi kolkisin. Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 3(2): 66-75. https://doi.org/10.24252/bio.v3i2.929 Syawal, Y., Susilawati, & Ghinola, E. (2019). Pengaruh komposisi media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah (Allium cepa L.Var Bima). Majalah Ilmiah Sriwijaya, 31(18): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v18i2.1068

Wu, F.H., Yu, X.D., Zhuang, N.S., Liu, G.D., & Liu, J.P. (2015). Induction and identification of Stylosanthes guianensis tetraploids. Genetic Molecular Research, 14(4): 12692-12698. https://doi.org/10.4238/2015.October.19.13

Xing, S.H., Guo X.B., Wang Q., Pan Q.W., Tian.Y.S., Liu. P., Zhao. J.Y., Wang. G.F., Sun. X.F., & Tang. K.X. (2011). Induction andflow cytometry identification of tetraploids from seed-derived explants through colchicine treatments in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology,2011. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/793198

Downloads

Published

2024-07-31

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024)

Section

Original Research Articles

Citation Check

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exlusive right and licence of first publication for the full legal term of copyright with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
  • Authors also grant any third party the right to use the articles freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
  • Jurnal Agro is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author’s responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author
  • The corresponding author must sign the License to Publish Agreement Form at the time of submission of his/her manuscript.

Creative Commons Licence

Jurnal Agro (J. Agro: ISSN 2407-7993) by http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.