Produksi tanaman kopi liberika hasil penyambungan intra- dan inter- spesifik pada aplikasi mikoriza dan pupuk anorganik di lahan gambut

Authors

  • Elis Kartika 1 Peneliti Pusat Unggulan Ipteks (PUI) Kopi Liberika 2 Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jambi Jl. Raya Jambi – Muara Bulian KM 15, Mendalo Indah, Jambi, Indonesia 36611, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8620-9056
  • Made Deviani Duaja Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jambi Jl. Raya Jambi – Muara Bulian KM 15, Mendalo Indah, Jambi, Indonesia 36611, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0124-1602
  • Gusniwati Gusniwati Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jambi Jl. Raya Jambi – Muara Bulian KM 15, Mendalo Indah, Jambi, Indonesia 36611, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1012-3437

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/34002

Keywords:

AMF, Glomus sp., Grafting, Mycorrhizal hyphae, Robusta coffee

Abstract

Increasing the production of Liberica coffee plants in peatlands can be achieved by applying mycorrhiza and using superior plants resulting from intra- and inter-specific grafting. This research aimed to determine the interactions between intra- and inter-specific grafted Liberica coffee plant with combination of mycorrhiza and inorganic fertilizers in peatlands. The experiment was conducted for 6 months on 2-year-old coffee plants used a Split-Plot Design with two treatment factors. The first factor (main plot) consisted of two levels, namely the Liberica coffee plant grafted with Liberica coffee (intra-specific) and Liberica coffee plants grafted with Robusta coffee (inter-specific). The second factor (sub-plot) was the treatment combination of mycorrhiza (Glomus sp-1a and Glomus sp-3c isolate) and inorganic fertilizer, which consisted of six levels: without mycorrhiza + 100% inorganic fertilizer, mycorrhiza + without inorganic fertilizer, mycorrhiza + 25% inorganic fertilizer, mycorrhiza + 50% inorganic fertilizer, mycorrhiza + 75% inorganic fertilizer, and mycorrhiza + 100% inorganic fertilizer according to recommendations. The results showed that there was an interaction between grafted Liberika coffee plants and a combination of mycorrhiza and inorganic fertilizers on the production of Liberika coffee plants. Combining mycorrhiza and 50% inorganic fertilizer was the best combination for producing intra- and inter-specific grafted of Liberica coffee plant in peat land. Peningkatan produksi tanaman kopi Liberika di lahan gambut dapat dilakukan melalui aplikasi mikoriza dan penggunaan tanaman unggul hasil sambung intra- dan inter- spesifik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan interaksi antara tanaman kopi liberika hasil sambung intra- dan inter- spesifik dengan kombinasi mikoriza dan pupuk anorganik di lahan gambut. Percobaan dilakukan selama 6 bulan pada tanaman kopi berumur 2 tahun menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi faktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan, yaitu faktor pertama (petak utama), perlakuan jenis tanaman kopi hasil penyambungan terdiri dari dua taraf, yaitu tanaman kopi Liberika hasil penyambungan dengan kopi Liberika (intra-spesifik) dan tanaman kopi Liberika hasil penyambungan dengan kopi Robusta (inter-spesifik). Faktor kedua (anak petak) adalah perlakuan kombinasi mikoriza (isolat Glomus sp-1a dan Glomus sp-3c) dan pupuk an-organik yang terdiri atas enam taraf yaitu tanpa mikoriza + 100% pupuk an-organik, mikoriza + tanpa pupuk an-organik, mikoriza + 25% pupuk an-organik, mikoriza + 50% pupuk an-organik, mikoriza + 75% pupuk an-organik serta mikoriza + 100% pupuk an-organik sesuai rekomendasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat interaksi antara jenis tanaman kopi Liberika hasil sambung dengan kombinasi mikoriza dan pupuk anorganik terhadap produksi tanaman kopi Liberika. Kombinasi mikoriza dan 50% pupuk anorganik merupakan kombinasi terbaik untuk produksi tanaman kopi Liberika hasil sambung intra- dan inter-spesifik di lahan gambut.

References

Abo-El-Ghait, E., Ghatas, Y., Ali, M., & MA El-Wafa. (2022). Impact of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers on some chemical characteristics of Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings and sandy soil macronutrient’s content. Journal of Plant Production, 13(6), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2022.141660.1119

Adetya, V., Nurhatika, & Muhibuddin, A. (2018). Pengaruh pupuk mikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens) di Tanah Pasir. Jurnal Sains Dan Seni ITS. 7(2), 75-79.

Aguilera, P., Ortiz, N., Becerra, N., Turrini, A., Gaínza-Cortés, F., Silva-Flores, P., Aguilar-Paredes, A., Romero, J.K., Jorquera-Fontena, E., de La Luz Mora, M., & Borie, F. (2022). Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in vineyards: water and biotic stress under a climate change scenario: new challenge for chilean grapevine crop. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.826571

Araújo, F.H.V., de S Cruz, R., Porto, D.W.B., Machado, C.M.M., & França, A.C. (2020). Effects of mycorrhizal association and phosphate fertilization on the initial growth of coffee plants. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical, 50, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632020v5058646

Atakan, A., Özgönen Özkaya, H., & Erdoğan,O. (2018). Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on heavy metal and salt stress. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 6(11), 1569. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i11.1569-1574.1992

Basri, A.H.H. (2018). Kajian peranan mikoriza dalam bidang pertanian. Agrica Ekstensia, 12(2), 74- 78.

Blanco-Canqui, H. & Schlegel, A.J. (2013). Implications of inorganic fertilization of irrigated corn on soil properties: lessons learned after 50 years. Journal of Environmental Quality, 42(3), 861–871. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0451

Budi, P.I.S., Aziez, A.F., & Dewi, T.S.K. (2016). Pengaruh lama perendaman zat pada beberapa model Sambung pucuk terhadap Pertumbuhan bibit kopi (Coffea spp). Agrineca, 16(2), 63-72.

Chandrasekaran, M., Boopathi, T., & Manivannan, P. (2021). Comprehensive assessment of ameliorative effects of amf in alleviating abiotic stress in tomato plants. Journal of Fungi, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040303

Cheng, H.Q., Ding, Y.E., Shu, B., Zou, Y.N., Wu, Q.S., & Kuca, K. (2020). Plant aquaporin responses to mycorrhizal symbiosis under abiotic stress. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 23(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.1353

Dhalaria, R., Kumar, D., Kumar, H., Nepovimova, E., Kuca, K., Islam, M.T., & Verma, R. (2020). Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as potential agents in ameliorating heavy metal stress in plants. Agronomy, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060815

Dowarah, B., Gill, S.S., & Agarwala, N. (2022). Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in conferring tolerance to biotic stresses in plants. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 41(4), 1429–1444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10392-5

El-Sherbeny, T.M.S., Mousa, A.M., & El-Sayed, E.S.R. (2022). Use of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization to improve the yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) plant. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(1), 331–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.094

Gong, X. & Tian, D.Q. (2019). Study on the effect mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the absorption of heavy metal elements in soil by plants. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 267(5). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/267/5/052064

Handayanto, E., Muddarisna, N., & Fiqri, A. (2017), Pengelolaan Kesuburan Tanah, Malang: UB Press

Juairiah, L., & Rahman, W. (2014). Evaluasi anatomi daerah sambungan pada tiga teknik penyambungan terhadap keberhasilan penyambungan interspesifik pada Vireya rhododendron. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 10(1), 145–148.

Kartika, E. & Gusniwati. (2019). Tingkat keberhasilan sambungan dan pertumbuhan bibit kopi robusta (Coffea Robusta L.) hasil grafting pada pemberian berbagai jenis mikoriza dan ketinggian batang bawah. Biospecies, 12(2), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.22437/biospecies.v12i2.6185

Kartika, E., Duaja, M.D., & Gusniwati, G. (2019). Diversity of Arbuscular Mychorrizal Fungi from Liberica Tungkal Jambi coffee plant rhizosphere on peatland. Proceed. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 391 : 012058. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/391/1/012058

Kartika, E., Gusniwati & Duaja, D, M. (2021). Respons bibit kopi Liberika hasil sambung pucuk dengan kopi Robusta pada berbagai panjang entres dan inokulasi mikoriza. Jurnal Agro, 8(2), 164-177. https://doi.org/10.15575/12747

Kartika, E., Lizawati, L., & Hamzah, H. (2018). Respons tanaman jarak pagar terhadap mikoriza indigenous dan pupuk P di lahan bekas tambang batu bara. Biospecies 11(1): 10–18.

Khumaira, Yustendi, D., Puspita, D.E. (2020). Mikoriza dan pertumbuhan bibit kopi setek sambung. Serambi Saintia. Jurnal Sains dan Aplikasi. VIII(2), 79-85.

Kiuk, Y., Bako, P.O., & Ishaq, L.F. (2022). Aplikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula indigeneous dan pupuk fosfor anorganik dalam upaya peningkatan serapan fosfor dan hasil tanaman jagung di lahan berkapur Pulau Timor. Agrikultura, 33(1), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v33i1.35881

Kormanik, P.P., & Mc, Graw, A.C. (1982), Quantification of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in plant root, In NC Schenck, (ed,), Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizae Research, The American Phytop, Soc, 46, 37-45.

Malhi, G.S., Kaur, M.,. Kaushik, P, Alyemeni, M.N., Alsahli, A.A., & Ahmad, P. (2021). Arbuscular mycorrhiza in combating abiotic stresses in vegetables: An eco-friendly approach. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(2), 1465–1476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.001

Nasution, R.M., Sabrina, T., & Fauzi. (2014). Pemanfaatan jamur pelarut fosfat dan mikoriza untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan dan serapan fosfat tanaman jagung pada tanah alkalin. Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi. 2(3), 1003-1010.

Ngo, H.T.T., Watts-Williams, S.J., & Cavagnaro, T.R. (2021). Mycorrhizal growth and phosphorus responses of tomato differ with source but not application rate of phosphorus fertilisers. Applied Soil Ecology, 166: 104089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104089

Novelia, A. & Yuliani, Y. (2022). Biokontrol Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular Terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris) terinfeksi hawar daun. LenteraBio : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 11(2), 226–237. https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v11n2.p226-237

Pham, T.T., Giang, B.L., Nguyen, N.H., Yen, P.N.D., Hoang, V.D.M., Ha, B.T.L. & Le, N.T.T. (2020). Combination of ycorrhizal symbiosis and root grafting eectively controls nematode in replanted coee soil. Plants 9(5). doi:10.3390/plants9050555

Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao. (2006). Pedoman Teknis Tanaman Kopi. hal 96. Jember

Rui, W., Mao, Z., & Li, Z. (2022). The roles of phosphorus and nitrogen nutrient transporters in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911027

Rusli, Sakiroh, & Wardiana, E. (2015). Pengaruh pemupukan terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan kualitas biji empat klon kopi robusta di tanah podsolik merah kuning, lampung Utara. J. TIDP 2(2), 107-112.

Santosa, H.R., Suherman C. & Rosniawaty, S. (2016). Respons pertumbuhan tanaman kopi Robusta (Coffea robusta L.) tercekam aluminium di lahan reklamasi bekas tambang batubara bervegetasi sengon (periode el nino). Jurnal Agrikultura. 27 (3): 124-131.

Sasli, I., Ruliyansyah, A., (2012): Pemanfaatan jamur mikoriza vesikula arbuskular spesifik lokasi untuk efisiensi pemupukan pada tanaman jagung di lahan gambut tropis. Jurnal Agrovigor, 5: 65-75.

Setyobudi, H. & Sari, S, (2015). Ilmu dan Implementasi Kesuburan Tanah. Universitas Muhamadyah Malang. UMM Press. Malang

Singh, M., Bisht, S., Singh, S., & Sharma, J.G. (2022). Implications of abiotic stress tolerance in arbuscular mycorrhiza colonized plants: Importance in plant growth and regulation. Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, 10(6), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2022.100601

Sulityorini, H., Abinemo, A.P. & Asmoro, H.P. (2018). Buku Saku Kopi Penanganan Pascapanen Kopi Secara Baik dan Benar. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan Kementerian Pertanian.

Trisilawati, O., Towaha, J. & Daras, U. (2012). Pengaruh mikoriza dan pupuk npk terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jambu mete muda. Buletin RISTRI 3 (1), 91-98.

Wahab, A. , Muhammad M., Munir A., Abdi G., Zaman W., Ayaz A., Khizar C., Reddy, S.P.P. (2023). Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in regulating growth, enhancing productivity, and potentially influencing ecosystems under abiotic and biotic stresses. Plants 12(17), 3102. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12173102

Wojtusik, T. & Felker, P.( 1993). Interspecific graft incompatibility in Prosopis. Forest Ecology and Management, 59(3–4), 329–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378- 1127(93)90011-B

Downloads

Published

2024-07-31

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024)

Section

Original Research Articles

Citation Check

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exlusive right and licence of first publication for the full legal term of copyright with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
  • Authors also grant any third party the right to use the articles freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
  • Jurnal Agro is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author’s responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author
  • The corresponding author must sign the License to Publish Agreement Form at the time of submission of his/her manuscript.

Creative Commons Licence

Jurnal Agro (J. Agro: ISSN 2407-7993) by http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.