Keragaman genetik stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) berdasarkan marka morfologi dan molekuler


Tiffani Nindya Arisanti(1), Sobir Sobir(2*), Arya Widura Ritonga(3)

(1) Program Studi Pemuliaan dan Bioteknologi Tanaman, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University, Indonesia
(2) Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University, Indonesia
(3) Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The development of new superior varieties will be more efficient if it is based on accurate information about the genetic diversity and population structure of available breeding resources, so that the combination of the most potential parents in the breeding program that will be carried out can be identified. Indonesia still lacks information of strawberry diversity.
The aim of this research is to study strawberry genetics based on morphological and molecular markers in order to develop strawberry varieties efficiently. Genetic relationship analysis was carried out on 20 genotypes of strawberries collected by Indonesian Instruments Standardization Testing Center for Citrus and Subtropical Fruits (BPSI Jestro), based on morphological characteristic and molecular Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Morphologycal markers analysis showed that there were two groups of strawberry genotypes using Gower dissimilarity coefficient value of 0.0936–0.5977. The result of molecular marker analysis was also separated into two groups by dissimilarity coefficient value of 0,1321-0,5566. Combination of morphologycal and molecular analysis was carried out and also showed two groups by disimilarity coefficient of 0,1657–0,5264. The information obtained on morphological characteristics and genetic distances can be used as a basic consideration in parental selection for strawberry breeding program.


Pengembangan varietas unggul baru akan lebih efisien bila didasarkan pada informasi yang akurat tentang keragaman genetik dan struktur populasi sumber genetik yang tersedia, sehingga dapat diketahui kombinasi tetua yang paling potensial dalam program pemuliaan yang akan dilakukan. Namun, informasi tentang keragaman genotipe-genotipe stroberi di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keragaman genetik stroberi berdasarkan marka morfologi dan molekuler dalam rangka pengembangan varietas stoberi yang efisien. Analisis kekerabatan genetik dilakukan pada 20 genotipe stroberi koleksi Balai Pengujian Standar Instrumen Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika (BPSI Jestro), berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan molekuler dengan metode Random Amplified Polymorhpic DNA (RAPD). Pengamatan pada 41 karakter morfologi menunjukkan terdapat 34 karakter yang beragam dan 7 karakter yang seragam. Hasil analisis menggunakan marka morfologi menunjukkan bahwa 20 genotipe stroberi terbagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan nilai koefisien ketidakmiripan Gower 0,0936–0,5977. Hasil analisis menggunakan marka molekuler juga terbagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan nilai koefisien ketidakmiripan sebesar 0,1321-0,5566. Analisis gabungan morfologi dan molekuler yang dilakukan juga membagi ke 20 genotipe menjadi dua kelompok dengan koefisien ketidakmiripan 0,1657–0,5264. Informasi karakter morfologi dan jarak genetik yang diperoleh dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar pertimbangan dalam pemilihan tetua pada kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman stroberi.

Keywords


dendogram; characterization; dissimilarity; PIC; RAPD

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/34537

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