Respon empat varietas bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) lokal Indonesia terhadap media induksi dan proliferasi kalus embriogenik

Authors

  • Rumaisha Afifatul Hafizah Program Studi Pemuliaan dan Bioteknologi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB, Indonesia
  • Sobir Sobir Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB, Indonesia
  • Syarifah Iis Aisyah Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB, Indonesia
  • Djoko Tamami Pusat Riset Hortikultura, Organisasi Riset Pertanian dan Pangan, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Indonesia
  • Ika Roostika Pusat Riset Hortikultura, Organisasi Riset Pertanian dan Pangan, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/37229

Keywords:

casein hydrolisate, Geol, glutamine, Lumbu Hijau, Lumbu Kuning, Lumbu Putih, picloram

Abstract

Establishing a regeneration media of Indonesian local garlic is necessary for several purposes, including plant breeding and large-scale propagation. This study was aimed to evaluate media formulation on callus induction and proliferation of four local garlic varieties (Geol, Lumbu Hijau, Lumbu Kuning, and Lumbu Putih) using root cuttings as the explants. MS media supplemented with different concentration of picloram (4 and 6 mg L-1) without and in combination with glutamine (100 mg L-1) alone and casein hydrolysate (3 g L-1) were evaluated. The results showed that the responses of induction and proliferation of embryogenic callus were genotype-dependent because there was no significant interaction between varieties and media formulations. Still, the varieties had a significant interaction with the observed variables. The fastest initiation time of callus induction was obtained from Lumbu Putih, less than 2 weeks after culture. Geol showed the highest percentage of callus formation and fresh weight of callus, 59% and 0,92 g respectively. There were three different types of the callus: (1) friable, glossy, clear white, (2) friable, glossy, transparent yellow, and (3) semi compact, glossy, yellowish to milky white. ABSTRAK Pemantapan media regenerasi bawang putih lokal Indonesia penting dilakukan untuk berbagai tujuan, termasuk pemuliaan tanaman dan perbanyakan skala besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon in vitro empat varietas bawang putih lokal (Geol, Lumbu Hijau, Lumbu Kuning, dan Lumbu Putih) terhadap komposisi media induksi dan proliferasi kalus dengan menggunakan akar sebagai eksplan. Komposisi media yang diujikan meliputi media dasar MS yang mengandung pikloram (4 dan 6 mg L-1), baik tanpa atau dengan penambahan glutamin (100 mg L-1) dan kasein hidrolisat (3 g L-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respon induksi dan proliferasi kalus embriogenik bersifat genotype dependent, sebab tidak terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara faktor varietas dan formulasi media, namun faktor varietas berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel amatan. Waktu inisiasi kalus tercepat diperoleh dari Lumbu Putih, yaitu kurang dari 2 minggu setelah kultur. Varietas Geol memiliki persentase pembentukan kalus dan bobot segar kalus tertinggi, berturut-turut sebesar 59% dan 0,92 g. Terdapat tiga tipe kalus yang terbentuk, yaitu (1) remah, mengkilap, putih bening, (2) remah, mengkilap, bening kekuningan, dan (3) kompak, mengkilap, kekuningan-putih susu.

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Published

2025-01-03

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)

Section

Original Research Articles

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