Estimasi Daya Gabung Galur Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) Pada Karakter Kegenjahan Dan Hasil Dengan Menggunakan Genotipe+Genotipe x Environment (GGE) Biplot

Authors

  • Fakhri Nasharul Syihab Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
  • Agung Karuniawan Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5959-3259
  • Ade Ismail Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
  • Yuyun Yuwariah Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-9611
  • Dedi Ruswandi Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6671-479X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/37280

Keywords:

Combining Ability, Earliness, GGE Biplot, Sweet Corn, Yield

Abstract

Sweet corn is an important commodity in Indonesia, but its productivity is low due to the use of seeds that have undergone genetic degradation. This research aims to estimate general combining ability (GCA) and spesific combining Ability (SCA) on maturity characteristics and sweet corn yield. The research was conducted in Cikajang Village, Garut Regency, from April to July 2023, using a randomized block design with 40 treatments repeated three times. Analysis was carried out using the Genotype + Genotype x Environment (GGE) Biplot method. The variance results showed a significant effect of line, tester, and line x tester interactions on male flowering age, female flowering age, harvest age, and yield. From the GGE Biplot analysis, the "mean vs stability" pattern identified GCA, with 9 lines having good GCA at male flowering age, 14 at female flowering age, 7 at harvest age, and 10 at yield. The "Which Won Where/What" pattern identified SCA, where the 3 best line x tester combinations were found at male flowering age, 2 at female flowering age, 3 at harvest age, and 4 at yield. The use of GGE Biplot makes it easier to estimate combining ability, so that lines with good GCA are recommended as parents, and hybrids with the best SCA are recommended as superior cultivars that produce earliness and high yields. ABSTRAK Jagung manis merupakan salah satu komoditas penting di Indonesia, namun produktivitasnya rendah karena penggunaan benih yang mengalami degradasi genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi daya gabung umum (DGU) dan daya gabung khusus (DGK) pada karakter kegenjahan dan hasil jagung manis. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Cikajang, Kabupaten Garut, dari April hingga Juli 2023, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 40 perlakuan yang diulang tiga kali. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan metode Genotipe + Genotipe x Lingkungan (GGE) Biplot. Hasil varians menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan dari line, tester, serta interaksi line x tester terhadap umur berbunga jantan, umur berbunga betina, umur panen, dan hasil. Dari analisis GGE Biplot, pola "mean vs stability" mengidentifikasi DGU, dengan 9 galur memiliki DGU baik pada umur berbunga jantan, 14 pada umur berbunga betina, 7 pada umur panen, dan 10 pada hasil. Pola "Which Won Where/What" mengidentifikasi DGK, di mana 3 kombinasi line x tester terbaik ditemukan pada umur berbunga jantan, 2 pada umur berbunga betina, 3 pada umur panen, dan 4 pada hasil. Penggunaan GGE Biplot mempermudah estimasi daya gabung, sehingga galur dengan DGU baik direkomendasikan sebagai tetua, dan hibrida dengan DGK terbaik direkomendasikan sebagai kultivar unggul yang menghasilkan umur genjah dan hasil tinggi.

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Published

2025-01-03

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)

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Original Research Articles

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