Keragaan karakter morfo-agronomi beberapa aksesi bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) lokal jawa berdasarkan analisis multivariat

Authors

  • Elia Azizah Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Indonesia
  • Ardiyansah Ardiyansah Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Indonesia
  • Iqbal Fauzi Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/38577

Keywords:

Cluster analysis, limiting characters, principal component analysis, similarity

Abstract

Shallot production still fluctuative in several production centers such as Brebes due to the lack of new superior varieties with a high level of adaptation in areas of Indonesia that are prone to damage from land conversion, weather, and low technology application. The study aimed to obtain the best morphological and agronomic appearance of lowland shallots accessions through clustering analysis, and to obtain the limiting characters that provide the highest variation in the population. The research was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Singaperbangsa University of Karawang in Pasirjengkol Village, West Java. Field trials were conducted during one growing season using 8 accessions of shallots from different regions, including the accession of Cikijing, Pati, Nganjuk, Trisula, Bima, Berlin, Maja, and Bandung with 15 observed morpho-agro characters. The research was conducted using a single-factor randomized block design with 4 replications, further tested using cluster and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the level of similarity of Trisula accession was very different from other accessions (0.2) for the widest diameter and tuber shape characters. In contrast, the accessions Berlin and Maja have the same morpho-agro appearance (0.8) in tuber diameter, root tip shape, tuber shape, tuber skin thickness, leaf color, crown curvature, and tuber color. The limiting characteristics causing the highest variation in the population are the dry weight of tubers per plant and the shape of the tip tuber stem. ABSTRAK Produksi bawang merah masih fluktuatif di beberapa sentra bawang merah seperti brebes, hal ini akibat belum adanya varietas unggul baru yang memiliki tingkat adaptasi luas pada wilayah di Indonesia yang cenderung mengalami kerusakan akibat alih fungsi lahan, cuaca, dan rendahnya penerapan teknologi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan aksesi bawang merah yang memiliki penampilan morfologi dan agronomi terbaik di dataran rendah melalui analisis klaster serta mendapatkan karakter pembatas yang memberikan variasi tertinggi pada populasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dikebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang di Desa Pasirjengkol, Jawa Barat. Percobaan lapangan dilaksanakan selama satu musim tanam dengan 8 aksesi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) yang diambil dari berbagai wilayah diantaranya yaitu aksesi Cikijing, Pati, Nganjuk, Trisula, Bima, Berlin, Maja, dan Bandung berdasarkan 15 karakter morfo-agro yang diamati. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak kelompok faktor tunggal dengan 4 ulangan, kemudian diuji lanjut dengan analisis kluster dan komponen utama (principle component analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemiripan (similarity) aksesi Trisula jauh berbeda dengan aksesi lainnya (0,2) untuk karakter diameter terluas dan bentuk umbi. Berbeda dengan aksesi Berlin dan Maja yang memiliki penampilan morfo-agro yang sama (0,8) pada diameter umbi, bentuk ujung akar, bentuk umbi, ketebalan kulit umbi, warna daun, kelengkungan tajuk, dan warna umbi. Adapun karakter pembatas yang menyebabkan variasi tertinggi pada populasi adalah bobot kering umbi per tanaman dan bentuk ujung batang umbi.

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Published

2025-01-03

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)

Section

Original Research Articles

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