Penampilan Karakter Agronomi 16 Genotip Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) pada Pertanaman Tumpangsari dengan Jagung (Zea mays L.) Pola 3:1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/436Keywords:
Genotip kedelai, Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan, TumpangsariAbstract
Kedelai merupakan komoditas pertanian yang sangat penting di Indonesia. Namun, produksi kedelai nasional belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan kedelai nasional. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan menerapkan pola tanam tumpangsari kedelai dengan jagung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari genotip kedelai yang mampu beradaptasi pada pertanaman tumpangsari dengan jagung pola 3:1 serta menghitung produktivitas penggunaan lahan setiap genotip pada pertanaman tumpangsari dengan jagung pola 3:1. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). 16 genotip kedelai digunakan sebagai perlakuan, dan diulang sebanyak dua kali. Untuk melihat respons genotip pada pertanaman tumpangsari dilakukan dengan uji Least Significant Increase (LSI) pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Pendugaan produktivitas lahan pada setiap genotip dihitung berdasarkan nilai Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan genotip kedelai yang memperlihatkan respons paling baik pada pertanaman tumpangsari kedelai jagung dibandingkan kultivar cek untuk tinggi tanaman yaitu genotip BTN 5 dan JT 3, karakter jumlah cabang produktif yaitu genotip BTN 5, karakter luas daun dan indeks luas daun yaitu genotip JT 3, karakter sudut daun yaitu genotip CK 6, karakter bobot per plot yaitu genotip KBI 2, dan Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan yaitu genotip CK 6 dan KBI 2.Genotip  BTN 1, BTN 2, BTN 5, CK 15, CK 6, JT 3, KA 6, KA 7, KBI 2, KH 8, Cikuray dan Malikka memiliki nilai NKL lebih besar dari 1,0.
Â
Soybean is one of important agricultural commodity in Indonesia. However, the national soybean production is not sufficient to meet the needs of national soybean. Effort to do is by applying an intercropping soybean with corn. The objectives of the research was to find soybean genotypes that can adapt to intercropped plantation with corn in pattern of 3 : 1 as well as the productivity of the land use of each genotype in intercropping with maize in 3 : 1 pattern. The research used an experimental method randomized block design (RBD), 16 soybean genotypes as treatments, and repeated twice. To see the response of genotype in intercropping planting was done by using Least Significant Increase (LSI) at the level of significant 5%. Estimation of land productivity on each genotype was calculated with Land Equation Ratio value. The results showed that the best response of soybean genotype compared checks cultivar for plant height were genotype BTN 5 and JT 3, character number of productive branches was genotype BTN 5, the character of leaf area and leaf area index was genotype JT 3 , leaf angle character was genotype CK 6, characters of weights per plot was KBI 2 genotype and Land Equation Ratio value were CK 6 and KBI 2. Genotypes of BTN 1, BTN 2, BTN 5, CK 15, CK 6, JT 3, KA 6, KA 7, KBI 2, KH 8, Cikuray and Malikka had Land Equivalent Ratio values greater than 1.0.
References
Badan Pusat Statistik. 2015. Luas Panen, Produktivitas, dan Produksi Kedelai Nasional Tahun 2004-2014. http://bps.go.id. [10-2-2015].
Balai Penelitian Kacang-Kacangan Dan Umbi-Umbian. 2009. Galur Kedelai Toleran Naungan. http://balitkabi.litbang.deptan.go.id. [20 -2-2015].
Bowes, G., W.L. Ogren, R.H. Hageman. 1972. Light saturation, photosynthesis rate, RuDP carboxylase activity, and specific leaf weight in soybeans grown under different light intensity. Crop Sci. 12: 77-79.
FAO, 1990. Soybean. Technology Of Production Of Edible Flours And Protein Products From Soybeans. http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0532e/t0532e02.htm. [29-12-2015)
Fu, J., C.H. Li., J.R Zao, Ma Li, and T.X. Liu. 2011. Shade tolerance indices of maize: selection and evaluation. Ying Yong Sang Tai Xue Bao. 20(11):2705-2709.
Ghulamahdi M, Melati M. Murdianto. 2009. Penerapan Teknologi Budidaya Jenuh Air dan Penyimpanan Benih Kedelai Di Lahan Pasang Surut. Laporan Akhir Program Insentif Tahun 2009. Kementerian Riset Dan Teknologi.
Liu Wei-guo, Jiang Tao, She Yue-hui, Yang Feng, Yang Wen-yu. 2011. Preliminary Studi on Physiological Response Mechanism of Soybean (Glycine max) Stem To Shade Stress At Seedling Stage. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences. 33(2).p141.
Lukitasari, M. 2006. Pengaruh Intensitas Cahaya Matahari terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max). IKIP PGRI. Madiun.
Marvel, J. N., C. A. Beyrouty, and E. E. Gbur. 1992. Respon of soybean to root and canopy competition. Crop Sci. 32:797-801.
Petersen, R. G. 1994. Agricultural field experiments: design and analysis. Marcel Dekker. NY.
Purnima Dewi, Anang D. Santoso dan Fika Idah R. 2014. Skenario kebijakan peningkatan produksi kedelai nasional. Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa. Universitas Brawijaya Malang
Rachmadi, M. 2002. Analisis seleksi dan respon genotip-genotip kedelai pada lingkungan pertanaman tumpangsari kedelai/ jagung. Disertasi Program Pascasarjana. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Bandung (tidak dipublikasikan).
Rachman Achmad, Ai Dariah, Dan Djoko Santoso. 2010. Pupuk Hijau. (Eds) Pupuk Organik Dan Pupuk Hayati. R. D. M. Simanungkalit, Didi Ardi, S., Rasti Saraswati, Diah Setyorini, Dan Wiwik Hartatik. Balai Pustaka, Jakarta.
Sitompul, S.M., dan B. Guritno. 1995. Analisis pertumbuhan tanaman. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.
Soverda, N., Evita, Gusniwati. 2009. Evaluasi dan seleksi varietas kedelai terhadap naungan dan intensitas cahaya rendah. Zuriat 19: 86-97
Supriono, 2000. Pengaruh Dosis Urea Tablet dan Jarak Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai Kultivar Sindoro. Agrosains 2(2): 45.
Susanto, G.W.A., dan Titik Sundari. 2011. Perubahan karakter agronomi aksesi plasma nutfah kedelai dilingkungan ternaungi. J. Agron. Indonesia. 39(1): 1-6.
Uchimiya, H. 2001. Genetic engineering for abiotic stress tolerance in plants. SCOPAS. http://www.sciencecouncil.cgiar.org.
Widiastuti, L., Tohari, E. Sulistyaningsih. 2004. Pengaruh intensitas cahaya dan kadar daminosida terhadap iklim mikro dan pertumbuhan tanaman krisan dalam pot. Ilmu Pertanian. 11: 35-42
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exlusive right and licence of first publication for the full legal term of copyright with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- Authors also grant any third party the right to use the articles freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
- Jurnal Agro is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author’s responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author
- The corresponding author must sign the License to Publish Agreement Form at the time of submission of his/her manuscript.
Jurnal Agro (J. Agro: ISSN 2407-7993) by http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.