Isolasi Mikroorganisme Penambat Nitrogen Simbiotik dari Tanaman Pelindung Sementara pada Perkebunan Teh Dataran Tinggi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/440Keywords:
Perkebunan Teh, Pohon Pelindung Sementara, Rhizobium sp.Abstract
Pemupukan merupakan salah satu input faktor pada perkebunan teh yang terus mengalami peningÂkatan harga. Penurunan biaya pokok dapat diupayakan melalui peningkatan efisiensi dan efektivitas pemupukan. Tanaman teh dapat tumbuh dan berproduksi dengan baik pada ketinggian minimal 700 meter di atas permukaan laut. Seiring pertumbuhannya, tanaman teh juga memÂbutuhkan taÂnaman pelindung untuk membantu dalam pengurangan evaporasi, mengurangi froze, sebagai wind breaÂker, dan juga sebagai sumber bahan organik. Pada masa Tanaman Belum Menghasilkan (TBM), tanaman pelindung yang dipakai adalah tanaman pelindung sementara yang merupaÂkan tanaman LeguÂminosa dan bersimbiosis dengan Rhizobium sp. yang dapat memfiksasi nitrogen dari udara dan menghasilkan fitohormon IAA sebagai biokatalisator yang dapat memperÂcepat pertumbuhan tanaman. Setiap tanaman Leguminosa bersimbiosis dengan RhizoÂbium sp. yang spesifik dan berbeda-beda pada satu jenis tanaman dan ketinggian tempatnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penggalian potensi alam lokal yang terdapat pada daerah tanaman teh dataran tinggi, khususnya Rhizobium sp. dari tanaman Leguminosa yang merupakan pohon pelindung tanaman teh. Tujuannya adalah agar diperoleh karakter spesies Rhizobium sp. dataran tinggi yang pada tahap penelitian selanjutnya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman, dan akhirnya dapat mengopÂtimalkan biaya pemupukan pada perkebunan teh. Dari penelitian diperoleh enam spesies Rhizobium sp. dari perkebunan teh dataran tinggi yang diberi kode YA, YB, YC, YD, YE, dan YF. Secara makroskopis terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan Rhizobium sp. tersebut dengan pertumbuhan tercepat adalah Rhizobium sp. dari tanaman pelindung sementara Tephrosia sp. dan Seisbania sp. pada perkebunan teh.
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Fertilization is one of input factors on tea plantation that is increasing on the price. The decreasing of the main cost can be done by increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of fertilizing. Tea plant can be grown with high productivity at least at 700 m above sea level. Along with the growth, tea plant need shade tree to eliminate evaporation and froze, and act as a wind breaker and organic material source. Leguminose plants used on young tea is a symbiotic plant with RhizoÂbium sp. This microorganism can fix Nitrogen from the air, and produce fitohormone such IAA functioning as bio-catalist to accelerate the plant growth. Every Leguminose plant has specific symbiosis with RhizoÂbium sp. depending on plant species and elevation. Furthermore, there is a need of exploration of the indigenous Rhizobium sp. from Leguminose shade tree at highland tea plantation. The aim was to get species characteristic of Rhizobium sp. that can be used for the next research to increase soil fertility, plant productivity, and optiÂmize the fertilizer cost on tea plantation. The result found six species of Rhizobium sp. with code YA, YB, YC, YD, YE, and YF. Macroscopically, there were differences on the characteristic among them. The highest rate of growth were found for Rhizobium sp. from Tephrosia sp. and Seisbania sp. temporary shade trees on tea plantation.
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