Karakteristik fisik carbon dots dan aplikasinya dengan pemupukan untuk meningkatkan produksi dan mutu benih padi
Physical characteristics of carbon dots and its application with fertilizer to increase rice seed production and quality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/j.agro.46880Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are nano-sized carbon particles proven to enhance seed germination, plant growth, and yield. This study evaluated CDs in an integrated fertilization system combining macronutrient fertilizers (NPK) and organic matter (OM). The experiment was conducted during the 2023 dry season at the Sukamandi Experimental Station of BBRMP Padi using a Split-split Plot Design. The treatments included NPK combinations (main plot; without NPK, +PK, +NP, +NK, +NPK), OM (sub-plots; manure, straw compost, without OM), and foliar-applied CDs (800 mg L⁻¹) (sub-sub-plots; +CDs, without CDs). The results showed that coffee ground-based CDs from coffee shops were water-soluble, light brown, and had an absorption peak at 300 nm. Nitrogen doping with urea increased the N content from 2,44% to 16,12%. The N and P significantly improved vegetative growth, grain yield, and seed quality, while N and K maintained chlorophyll in the reproductive stage. OM increased NPK efficiency and nutrient availability, with manure more effective than straw compost. CDs enhanced OM in increasing leaf area. The combination of NPK, OM, and CDs shows potential as an efficient and sustainable fertilization strategy to increase rice productivity and seed quality.
ABSTRAK
Carbon dots (CDs) adalah partikel karbon berukuran nano yang telah terbukti mampu meningkatkan perkecambahan benih, pertumbuhan, dan hasil tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi CDs dalam sistem pemupukan terintegrasi dengan pupuk hara makro (NPK) dan bahan organik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Musim Kemarau 2023 di lahan sawah irigasi Kebun Percobaan Sukamandi BBRMP Padi dengan Rancangan Petak-petak Terbagi. Kombinasi pupuk NPK (petak utama; tanpa NPK, +PK, +NP, +NK, +NPK), bahan organik (anak petak; pupuk kandang, kompos jerami, tanpa BO), dan aplikasi foliar CDs (800 mg L-1) (anak-anak petak; tanpa CDs, +CDs). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan CDs berbasis ampas kopi dari limbah coffee shop memiliki sifat larut air, berwarna cokelat terang, dan puncak absorbansi pada 300 nm. Pengkayaan nitrogen dengan urea meningkatkan kandungan N dari 2,44% menjadi 16,12%. Kombinasi N dan P sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan vegetatif, hasil gabah, dan mutu fisiologis benih. Kombinasi N dan K efektif dalam mempertahankan klorofil pada fase reproduktif. Bahan organik terbukti meningkatkan efisiensi pupuk NPK dan ketersediaan hara, dimana pupuk kandang lebih efektif dibandingkan kompos jerami. Aplikasi CDs meningkatkan efektivitas bahan organik dalam meningkatkan luas daun. Kombinasi pupuk NPK, bahan organik, dan CDs berpotensi menjadi strategi pemupukan efisien dan berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan mutu benih padi.
Kata kunci: Bahan organik, hasil, luas daun, pupuk NPK, sinergi pupuk
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