Respon mortalitas dan pertumbuhan nimfa menjadi imago wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.) terhadap lima jenis insektisida pada beberapa populasi di pulau Jawa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/j.agro.51032Keywords:
Bioassay, Nilaparvata lugens, Splitplot, Toksisitas pestisidaAbstract
Wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.) merupakan hama utama padi yang menyebabkan gejala hopper burn dan menjadi vektor penyakit virus. Pengendalian dengan insektisida masih menjadi pilihan utama petani, namun efektivitasnya sangat dipengaruhi oleh riwayat penggunaan di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh beberapa insektisida (fenobucarb, triflumezopyrim, pymetrozine, imidakloprid, dan nikotin) terhadap mortalitas nimfa serta persentase keberhasilan perubahan nimfa menjadi imago dari enam populasi N. lugens (lima lapangan dan satu standar laboratorium). Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan rancangan split plot dengan tiga ulangan, dan data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA serta uji lanjut DMRT pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fenobucarb, triflumezopyrim, dan pymetrozine memberikan mortalitas tinggi (>80%) sekaligus menekan keberhasilan nimfa menjadi imago (<12%). Imidakloprid menunjukkan efektivitas rendah dengan mortalitas hanya 31,2–45,7% dan keberhasilan imago >50%, mengindikasikan adanya ketahanan pada reseptor nikotinat asetilkolin. Nikotin menghasilkan mortalitas sedang (55,8–73,4%) dengan imago 25,6–38,2%, yang kurang presisten namun lebih ramah lingkungan. Perbedaan antar lokasi menunjukkan bahwa populasi dari Karawang dan Indramayu lebih toleran terhadap perlakuan insektisida dibanding populasi lainnya. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa evaluasi insektisida perlu mempertimbangkan mortalitas dan keberhasilan nimfa menjadi imago sebagai parameter subletal untuk mendukung strategi Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) yang berkelanjutan.
ABSTRACT
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.) is a major rice pest that causes hopper burn symptoms and acts as a vector for viral diseases. Control with insecticides remains the primary option for farmers, but its effectiveness is greatly influenced by the history of use in the field. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of several insecticides (fenobucarb, triflumezopyrim, pymetrozine, imidacloprid, and nicotine) on nymph mortality and the percentage of successful nymph-to-adult emergence from six populations of N. lugens (five field populations and one laboratory standard population). The experiment was conducted using a split-plot design with three replicates, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT follow-up tests at a 5% level. The results showed that fenobucarb, triflumezopyrim, and pymetrozine caused high mortality (>80%) and suppressed the success rate of nymphs becoming adults (<12%). Imidacloprid showed low effectiveness with mortality of only 31.2–45.7% and adult emergence >50%, indicates resistance to acetylcholine nicotinic receptors. Nicotine produced moderate mortality (55.8–73.4%) with adult emergence of 25.6–38.2%, less persistent but more environmentally friendly. The result indicate that population from Karawang and Indramayu are more tolerant to insecticide treatment than other populations. These results confirm that insecticide evaluation should consider mortality and nymph-to-adult emergence success as sublethal parameters to support control strategies.
References
Alfiansyah, H., Ardikoesoema, N., & Samuel, J. (2023). Potensi degradasi lingkungan dampak eksistensi karbofuran di Indonesia. Jurnal Bisnis Kehutanan Dan Lingkungan, 1(1), 66–87. https://doi.org/10.61511/jbkl.v1i1.2023.258
Baehaki., S. E., Iswanto, E. H., & Munawar, D. (2016). Resistensi Wereng Cokelat terhadap Insektisida yang Beredar di Sentra Produksi Padi. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 35(2), 99. https://doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v35n2.2016.p99-108
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