Analisis jalur antara dosis pupuk kalium dengan fisiologi, pertumbuhan, dan hasil hanjeli pulut
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/j.agro.52192Keywords:
Fisiologi, Kalium, Korelasi, Produktivitas, SerealiaAbstract
Kalium merupakan unsur hara yang berperan penting pada produksi tanaman serealia, namun peranannya pada tanaman hanjeli pulut (Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen) masih belum diungkapkan dengan jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari pengaruh langsung maupun tidak langsung pupuk kalium terhadap karakter fisiologi, pertumbuhan, dan hasil tanaman hanjeli. Percobaan dilakukan dari bulan Januari sampai Mei 2024 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, pada ketinggian 750 m di atas permukaan laut dengan ordo tanah Inceptisols. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), yang terdiri dari enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah dosis pupuk KCl, yaitu 0; 62,5; 125; 250; 375; dan 500 kg ha-1. Pengamatan dilakukan pada indeks kandungan klorofil, konduktansi stomata, indeks luas daun, bobot biomassa, nisbah pupus akar, jumlah srisip, jumlah anakan, jumlah anakan produktif, jumlah malai per anakan, jumlah biji per malai, bobot 100 butir, dan bobot biji per tanaman. Analisis data menggunakan korelasi Pearson dan Analisis Jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis pupuk kalium berpengaruh langsung terhadap indeks kandungan klorofil, konduktansi stomata, jumlah srisip per anakan, jumlah malai per anakan, jumlah biji per malai, dan bobot biji per tanaman. Pengaruh tidak langsung dosis pupuk kalium terjadi pada komponen pertumbuhan, yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, nisbah pupus akar, dan indeks luas daun, melalui jalur komponen fisiologi. Dosis pupuk kalium juga mempengaruhi jumlah anakan produktif secara tidak langsung melalui jalur komponen fisiologi dan komponen pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bahwa kekurangan kalium dapat dilihat lebih dini melalui pengukuran komponen fisiologi.
ABSTRACT
Potassium is a nutrient that plays a crucial role in cereal crop production, but its role in Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) remains unclear. This study aims to find the direct and indirect effects of potassium fertilizer on the physiological characteristics, growth, and yield of Job's tears. The experiment was conducted from January to May 2024 at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, at an altitude of 750 m above sea level, with Inceptisols as the soil order. The experimental design employed a Randomized Block Design (RBD), comprising six treatments and four replications. The treatments applied were KCl fertilizer doses, namely 0, 62.5, 125, 250, 375, and 500 kg ha-1. Observations were made on the chlorophyll content index, stomatal conductance, leaf area index, biomass weight, shoot-to-root ratio, number of shoots, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of panicles per tiller, number of seeds per panicle, weight of 100 grains, and weight of seeds per plant. Data analysis used Pearson correlation and Path Analysis. The results showed that potassium dose directly affected the chlorophyll content index, stomatal conductance, number of shoots per tiller, number of panicles per tiller, number of seeds per panicle, and seed weight per plant. The potassium dose affected growth components, including plant height, number of tillers, root drop ratio, and leaf area index, indirectly through the physiological component pathway. The dose of potassium fertilizer also affected the number of productive tillers indirectly through the physiological and growth components pathway. The results of this study indicated that early detection of potassium deficiency is possible by assessing physiological components.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Qinthara Nail Haysa, Yuyun Yuwariah, Aep Wawan Irwan, Tati Nurmala, Uum Umiyati
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