Peningkatan Produktivitas Lahan Gambut melalui Teknik Ameliorasi dan Inokulasi Mikroba Pelarut Fosfat


Ida Nur Istina(1*), Benny Joy(2), Aisyah D Suyono(3)

(1) Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian, Indonesia
(2) Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
(3) Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Keterbatasan lahan potensial menyebabkan perluasan areal pertanian mengarah pada lahan gambut. Kendala pengembangan lahan gambut adalah rendahnya kandungan hara tersedia bagi tanaman. Fosfat (P) merupakan salah satu unsur hara makro yang penting untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman, disisi lain ketersediaan hara ini pada lahan gambut terbatas karena ikatan asam organik dan sifat yang mudah tercuci. Penelitian untuk menguji pengaruh ameliorasi dan inokulasi mikroba pelarut fosfat terhadap ketersediaan hara P di lahan gambut dilakukan di kebun pembibitan kelapa sawit petani di Riau dari Oktober 2013 - Maret 2014, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola Faktorial dengan 30 kombinasi perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Variabel yang diamati meliputi : tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang, jumlah daun, lebar daun, panjang daun, kandungan hara tanaman, dan bobot biomasa bibit setelah 5 bulan di pembibitan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ameliorasi menggunakan kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit mampu meningkatkan P tersedia, serapan P oleh batang dan akar, berat brangkasan dan berat kering batang. Sedangkan mikroba pelarut fosfat berpengaruh secara tidak nyata.

The limitation of potential land leads agricultural development expansion to the peat soil area. Constrain of the peatland development is the low nutrient content that is required by plant. Phosphate is one of major growth and production limiting nutrient because of the solublelize of the organic acids and immobility The research was conducted from October 2013 – March 2014 at the farmer main nursery in Riau province to test the effect of amelioration and phosphate solubilizing microbe inoculation on P availability on palm oil seedling growth and production at peatland, used Randomized Block Design with 30 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters observed were plant height, leaf number, leaf width, leaf length, stem diameters, nutrient contents, also fresh and dry weight after 5 months at the main nursery. The result showed that palm oil empty fruit bunch compost as ameliorant increased P nutrient avaibility, P uptake, fresh and dry weight, whereas phosphate solubilizing microbe was unsignificant.


Keywords


bibit kelapa sawit; fosfat; gambut saprik; mikroba pelarut fosfat; pertumbuhan tanaman

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdolzadeh, A., Xing Wang, Erik J. Veneklaa, dan Hans Lambers. 2010. Effect of Phosphorus Supply on Growth, Phosphate Concentration and Cluster-Root Formation in Three Lupinus species. Ann. Bot. Vol .105 (3), pp. 365-374.

Amirrudin. 2008. Pemberian Pupuk Fosfat, Kapur Karbonat, dan Kompos Tandan Kosong pada Typic Kandiudult untuk Meningkatkan Kadar P tersedia dan Menurunkan Nilai pH. USUe-Repository.

Basu, M., P.B.S. Bhadoria, dan Mahapatra. 2011. Influence of Soil Ameliorants, Manures and Fertilizers on Bacterial Populations, Enzyme Activities, N Fixation and P Solubilization in Peanut Rhizosphere under Lateritic Soil. British Microbiology Research Journal 1 (1) page 11-26.

BB Litbang SDLP (Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian). 2012. Dilema dan Rasionalisasi Kebijakan Pemanfaatan Lahan Gambut untuk Areal Pertanian. Makalah Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Berkelanjutan, Balai Besar Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian Bogor, Mei 2012.

Berg Bjorn dan Charles Mc.Claugherty. 2008. Plant Litter. Decomposition, Humus Formation, Carbon Sequestration. Springer, Verlag Berlin Heisenberg. Second Edition, 295 p.

Darnoko dan Ady S.S. 2006. Pabrik Kompos di Pabrik Kelapa Sawit. Tabloid Sinar Tani, 9 Agustus 2006. Melalui http://www.litbang.deptan.go.id. [4-5-2012].

El-Yazeid dan H.E. Abou-Aly. 2011. Enhanching Growth, Productivity and Qualit of Tomato Plants Using Phosphat Solubilizing Microorganisms. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(7):371-379.

Fankem, H.D. Nwaga, A. Deubel, L. Dieng, W. Merbach, dan F.X. Etoa. 2006. Occurence and Functioning of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms From Oil Palm Tree (Elaeis guineensis) Rhizosphere in Cameroon. African J. Biotech.5.2450-2460.

Goenadi, D.H. dan R. Saraswati. 1993. Kemampuan Melarutkan Fosfat dari Beberapa Isolat Fungi Pelarut Fosfat. Menara Perkebunan 61 (3): 61-66.

Gunes A, Ataoglu N, Turan M, Esitken A, dan Ketterings QM. 2009. Effects of Phosphate-Solubilizing Microorganisms on Strawberry Yield and Nutrient Concentrations. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 172:385-392 Publisher Full Text.

Hartatik, W. 2012. Distribusi Bentuk-bentuk Fe dan Kelarutan Amelioran Tanah Mineral dalam Gambut. Makalah Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Berkelanjutan, Balai Besar Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian Bogor, Mei 2012.

Jacobs H, Boswell GP, Ritz K, Davidson FA, dan Gadd GM. 2002. Solubilization of Calcium Phosphate as A Consequence of Carbon Translocation by Rhizoctonia solani. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 40:65-71.

Kasno A., Sudirman, dan M.T. Sutriadi. 2010. Efektifitas Beberapa Deposit Alam Indonesia Sebagai Pupuk Sumber Fosfor terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit pada Tanah Ultisol. Jurnal Litri 16 (4), hal. 165-171.

Khan, M.R. dan Khan S.M. 2002. Effect of Root-dip Treatment with Certain Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms. Bioresour Technol 85(2):213-215.

Khan, A.A., Ghulam Jilani, Mohammad Saleem Akhtar, Syed Muhammad Saqlan Naqvi, dan Mohammad Rasheed. 2009. Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria: Occurrence, Mechanisms and their Role in Crop Production. Journal of Agricultural Biological science. 11:48-58.

Khan M.S., Zaidi A., dan Wani P.A. 2009. Role of Phosphate Solubilising Microorganisms in Sustainable Agriculture. In: Lictfouse E (ed) Sustainable Agriculture, Springer. p 552.

Lestari, Y. dan R. Saraswati. 1997. Aktivitas Enzim Fosfatase Jamur Pelarut Fosfat Pada Tanah Podzolik Merah Kuning. Dalam Prosiding Seminar Pembangunan Pertanian Berkelanjutan Menyongsong Era Globalisasi, Banjarmasin 13-14 Maret 1997.

Mawardi, E., Syafei, dan A. Thaher. 1999. Pemanfaatan Kaptan Super Fosfate (KSP) dalam Paket Tampurin untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Kubah Gambut. BPTP Sukarami.

Nurani D., Sih Parmiyatni, Heru Purwanta, Gatot Angkoso, dan Koesnandar. 2011. Increase in pH of Peat Soil by Microbial Treatment. www.geog.le.ac.uk/carbopeat/media/.../p33.pdf. [5-4-2012].

Nurhayati, Ali Jamil, Ida Nur Istina, Yunizar, dan Hery Widyanto. 2011. Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Berkelanjutan : Pengembangan Kelapa Sawit dan Tanaman Sela di Provinsi Riau. Makalah Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Berkelanjutan, Balai Besar Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian Bogor, Mei 2012.

Panhwar, Q.A., Shamshuddin Jusop, Umme Aminun Naher, Radzih Othman, dan Mohd Ismail Razi. 2013. Application of Potential Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and Organic Acids on Phosphate Solubilization from Phosphate Rock in Aerobic Rice. The Scientific World Journal. Vol 2014. Article ID 272409, 10 pages. www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2013/272409/

Park Jinhee, Nanthi Bolan, Mallavarapu Megharaj, dan Ravi Naidu. 2010. Isolation of phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and their Effects Characterization of on Lead Immobilization. Pedologist. 67-75.

Paul Dipak dan Sankar Narayan Sinha. 2013. Phosphate Solubilizing Activity of Some Bacterial Strain Isolated from Jute Effluent Exposed Water of River Ganga. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences. An Online Intrnational Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jls.htm. 2013 Vol.3 (3) July-September, pp. 39-45.

Prasad R. dan James F. Power. 2000. Soil Fertility Management for Sustainable Agriculture. Lewis Publisher, Boca Ratoon, New York. 346 p.

Ritung, W., K.Nugroho, Sukarman, Hikmatullah, Suparo, dan C.Tafakresnanto. 2011. Peta Lahan Gambut Indonesia Skala 1 : 250.000. Edisi desember 2011. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Kementrian Pertanian. 30 hal.

Sharma, S., Vijay Kumar, dan Ram Babu Tripathi. 2011. Isolation of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganism (PSMs) from Soil. J. Microbiol Biotech Res. 1 (2). Pp 90-95.

Sharma, Seema B., Riyaz Z Sayyed, Mrugesh H.T., dan Thivakaran A. Gobi. 2013. Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes: Sustainable Approach for Managing Phosphorus Deficiency in Agricultural Soils. A Springer Open Journal. Springer Plus. 2013,2:587 doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-587. http://springerplus.com/content/2/1/587

Singh, S.K. dan Reddy K.R. 2011. Regulation of Photosynthesis, Fluorescence, Stomatal Conductance and Water-Use Efficiency of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) under drought, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:Biology, 105:40-50.

Suriadikarta, R.D.M dan D.A Simanungkalit. 2006. Pupuk Organik dan Pupuk Hayati. Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Bogor.

Soewandita, H. 2003. Pemulihan Hara N, P dan K pada Tanah Terdegradasi dengan Penambahan Amelioran Organik (Kasus pada Latosol Coklat Kemerahan di Sukabumi). Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi BPPT. http://www.iptek.net.id. [07-02-200].

Vessey, J.K. dan Heisinger, K.G. 2001. Effect of Penicillium bilaii Inoculation and Phosphorus Fertilization on Roor and Shoot Parameters of Field Grownpea. Can.J. Plant Sci. 81:363-366.

Zaidi A, Khan M.S., M. Ahemad, M. Oves, dan P.A. Wani. 2009. Recent Advances in Plant Growth Promotion by Phosphate-Solubilizing Microbes. In: Khan MS (ed) Microbial Strategies for Crop Improvement, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp 23-50.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/76

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons Licence

Jurnal Agro (J. Agro: ISSN 2407-7933) by http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.