INDUSTRIALIZATION EFFECTS IN GEORGE ORWELL’S THE ROAD TO WIGAN PIER (1937)

To see industrialization effects in England, this research focused on a literary work of an essay. The book can describe and express what happened in the reality. This research focuses on the book to know Industrialization effects on George Orwell The Road to Wigan Pier. The Road to Wigan Pier written in 1937 tells the experience, notes and idea from George Orwell when he walked down the slums area in England. In order to reveal the ideology within the book, this research uses qualitative research to interpret the data. The data were collected through purposive sampling, namely focusing on the data that concerns the industrialization encountered in the elements of the book. As a result, George Orwell divided his work into two parts. First part content about George Orwell notes when he walked down the slums area in England. He describes slums condition, lodging that he occupies, the state of miners condition, poverty and unemployment. In the second part content about George Orwell idea and his critic to industrialization effects and the failure of socialism and his perspective to socialism, his opinion about socialism that the real socialist is people whose actively want to see tyranny is destroyed and not only imagine that matters only to want.


INTRODUCTION
The Road Wigan Pier written by George Orwell is a book that is rich in social critics. Industrialization as one of social phenomenon in the setting of the book can be seen the way a literary writer expresses how his perspective towards the real society. This research focuses on a literary work describe, especially in book, this matter because book can describe and express what happened in the reality, especially as the manifestation, in order to show the quality and quantity of the creator. According to Nyoman (2003: 197), a literary work able to reach supracreative level is a literary work which describes the complications of social problems.
Accordingly, this research focuses on the analysis of the book to reveal the Industrialization on George Orwell The Road to Wigan Pier book. Eric Arthur Blair or his famous name George Orwell is a famous writer with his book Animal Farm and 1894. Between the two books, George Orwell has work that are no less important, between The Road to Wigan Pier.
The Road to Wigan Pier is significant to be observed because this book is a reflection of the areas that is affected by industrialization in England. This book was written by George Orwell when he walked through the slums of England, he CALL -Vol. 3, No. 1, June 2021, pp. 53-70 wrote the conditions that occurred back then such as poverty, unemployment and many other things.
Previously, there are several researchers who conducted the research on this book or social critics in literary works. The research on this book was conducted by Schansberg (2018) who focuses the issues concerning Coal miners, class differences and the unpopularity of Isms. In another hand, ideology and social critics within a literary work can also be a significant literary analysis, such as the paper from Munawaroh and Paturohmah (2019) who analyses the equality of black woman within poems of Maya Angelou's. Therefore, it is researchable to reveal what ideas and critics within a book or essay worth as literary works such as The Road to Wigan Pier.

LITERATURE REVIEW
A literary work is not only imaginative process of the writers but also literature work can describe social influence the writers on writing process (Coulmas, 2013). Relation between literary work and society can be used as basic foundation to analyze a reality and can be used as reference as reality perspective for writers. The perspective of reality includes a variety of relation, that relation of society, relation between society and individual or the background of the accident. This matter happened because a literary work present with background factor. Furthermore, various conditions surrounding them are related to a social factor which help the reader to understand the shape and content of the literary works. In addition, the social life of writer can also be factor in the process of writing a literary work. Abrams (1981) is in line with Aristotle's idea that literary work is an imitation, or reflection, or representation of the world and human life, and the primary criterion applied to a work is the "truth" of its representation to the subject matter that it represents, or should represent. This mode of criticism, which first appeared in Plato and (in a qualified way) in Aristotle, remains characteristic of modern theories of literary realism (Abrams,1997: 51). Thus, literature as a form of arts is tightly bound to the situation of the real life during the time the literary works was created. The situation of the world and the spirit of the age can serve as inspiration, setting and background of the story. Furthermore, it can act as respond toward social and political issues during that era.
In the era from which the setting of the book was taken, industrial revolution started in England between 1750 until 1850 which changed the agriculture, manufacture, mining, transportation and technology. The changes made the big effects to social condition, economy and culture. The Industrial Revolution marked changes in every aspects especially in population growth matter and continuous average income, where transition occurs from using labor in England that use human labor and animal labor before, to using machine manufacturing-based.
Industrialization also made the big effects and the big benefit, but in the other side there are new problems, namely, capitalist industrial system which resulted in liberalism, pragmatism, individualistic, consumerism, hedonism, materialism and secularism and also made effect to the poorer workers. Class conflict happened increasingly and the population move massively from small town to big city, finally leading to the swelling of the population in big cities of England.
The most spreads capitalist industrial system provoked various problem solving from socialism ideology as reaction from social and economy changes that causes Industrial Revolution effects. Socialism means human stems from confidence giving faith that every pain and destitution can be faced and attempted to eliminate it. Socialism is not as political system or government system, but can understood as rules of life believed by a society.

METHOD
This research used qualitative Approach in order to give clear description about the issues. Qualitative method is used to understand the phenomena experienced by the reader (Meleong, 2006: 6). The characteristics of this research are put upon its technique to describe the facts or problems, on the aspect that is studied, and also the content of this analysis as a rational interpretation to analyze. It is in line with Semi (1993: 27-28) stated that literary research will be more significant to use qualitative research in that literature is a creative work which needs interpretation. The qualitative research is tied not with the requirements of formal research. Therefore, in this analysis, a rational argumentative based on theory of ideology in a literary work employed by collecting data, and supporting the arguments which are in line. The techniques of analysis are based on multiple reference such as the book as the prime source and also some sources related to industrialization and setting of England in the particular era.

The Description of The Road to Wigan Pier
The Road to Wigan Pier written in 1937 to be important because tell about experience, notes and idea from George Orwell when he walk down the slums area in England. He describe about poverty, slums city and the state of miners and unemployment after Industrial Revolution in England. Besides of that he also gave his idea about civilizations that switch to using machines, class differentiation and his critics about socialism.
In his work , George Orwell dividing his work into two parts. First part content about George Orwell notes when he walked down the slums area in England. He describes slums condition, lodging that he occupies, the state of miners condition, poverty and unemployment. In the second part content about George Orwell idea and his critic to Industrial Revolution effects and the failure of socialism and his perspective to socialism, his opinion about socialism that the real socialist is people whose actively want to see tyranny is destroyed and not only imagine that matters only to want.
The Road to Wigan Pier be important to research because this book is a reflection of the areas that is affected industrialization in England. This book wrote by George Orwell when he walked trough the slums of England, he wrote about the conditions that occurred such as poverty, unemployment and many other things.
From the excerpt from the contents of the story above, it can be seen that one of George Orwell's strengths is his unique story idea. Realistic and detailed stories about what he saw and expressed in his writing, both in the form of images and ideas.

Industrialization in The Road to Wigan Pier
The genetic structuralism approach is the approach that believes that literary works are a structure consisting of a set of categories that are interconnected with each other so that the genetic structuralism of this category is a fact which means that the structure comes from all human activities or behavior, both verbal and physical. which seeks to understand by knowledge.
Hence, in this literary analysis the writer using genetic structuralism approach to find the industrialization describe on George Orwell's work entitled The Road to Wigan Pier through The author's world view. according to Goldmann in Ratna (2013: 105) stated that appropriate methods and theories to analyze a literary work is genetic structuralism, because genetic structuralism consider literature as a cultural phenomena in the real sense, the interrelationship which has homology quality and symmetry. Also, Genetic structuralism is not only beneficial to the research of literature, but also the human sciences in general, especially in relation by understanding of the world view (Ratna, 2013: 116).
In the story of The Road to Wigan Pier there are some quotation which describe about the daily life of character.
Here am I sitting writing in front of my comfortable coal fire. It is April but I still need a fire. Once a fortnight the coal cart drives up to the door and men in leather jerkins carry the coal indoors in stout sacks smelling of tar and shoot it clanking into the coal-hole under the stairs.. (Orwell, 1937:29).
The citation above describe about the author as the first person perspective that is characterized by the use of the word "I" in this story. He was in the mining coal in Wigan.
In other side George Orwell added in his notes that I connect this coal with that far-off labour in the mines. It is just 'coal'-something that I have got to have; black stuff that arrives mysteriously from nowhere in particular, like manna except that you have to pay for it. (p. 30) Then, it can be interpreted that Orwell has enthusiasm in writing, he makes his road in every place to be an essay. Goldmann (1980: 97) stated that the author as a collective subject creates literary work to express what they feel and they think about their social life. Through his ability, the author can explore the wealth of society, then he or she puts it to literary work and enjoyed by the readers. The wealth of literary work is; first, depending on the author's ability to describe the results of his experience. Second, depending on the reader's ability to understand a literary work itself.
In Wigar I stayed for a while with a miner who was suffering from nystagmus. He could see across the room but not much further. He had been drawing compensation of twenty-nine shillings a week for the past nine months, but the colliery company were now talking of putting him on "partial compensation" of fourteen shillings a week. (p. 49) The citation above is clarified about the condition of a poor lodging-house where he stayed in. Then, it is reflected in Orwell's history when he looked around in Wigan. According to Shalden (2010: 28) stated that Orwell found the plight of the unemployed especially bad in the town of Wigan, where families were living in dirty trailers on a "miry canal." He considered the area worse than the slums he had seen in Burma. "Nothing in the East could ever be quite as bad," he wrote, "for in the East you haven't our clammy, penetrating cold to contend with, and the sun is a disinfectant." So George Orwell clarified about the condition of slums area where he walk around in slums area in England, George Orwell talk that and this is where it all led to sickly, aging individuals sliding over and around them like blackbeetles to labyrinthine slums and gloomy back kitchens. Seeing and smelling those places once and again is a kind of obligation, particularly smelling them, lest you forget that they exist; but maybe it is best not to linger there for too long. and this is where it all led -to labyrinthine slums and dark back kitchens with sickly, ageing people creeping round and round them like blackbeetles. It is a kind of duty to see and smell such places now and again, especially smell them, lest you should forget that they exist; though perhaps it is better not to stay there too long. (p. 15) In genetic structuralism theory, a literary work is basically the structural activity motivated by the presentation of the subject of literary work to achieve a balance with its social and natural environment (Faruk, 2010: 61). Then, the writer catches The data is appropriate with Orwell's history when he witnessed the circumstance of that manufacturing town.
Apart from that, in this work, it is also clearly described that there are many things that illustrate how unfortunate their fate (who are in the low-class stage) is really bad. living conditions that are so unlikely to be inhabited by many people. As described in this book.
We lodgers were never given tripe to eat. At the time I imagined that this was because tripe was too expensive".
"…, a bed in the attic and meals chiefly of bread-and butter. One of them was of 'superior' type and was dying of some malignant disease-cancer, I believe".
"When you see the unemployment figures quoted at two millions, it is fatally easy to take this as meaning that two people are out of work…".
From the above quotations, it is clear that the descriptions of the situation that existed at that time were experienced by the lower class British society. A bed is so narrow that George Orwell when he felt the agony could fall asleep with his head on his feet. Besides that, they also experienced an alarming situation in terms of food. In this book, it is illustrated that the food they consume is actually not suitable for consumption because it will make them sick. Orwell even argues that food will only make them suffer from cancer. Or most likely the food they eat leftovers, former people like homeless people. It's really an astonishing sight.
Industrialization on the background of the industrial revolution can be said as the base changing from an agrarian economic system to an industrial economic system. the prime use assign is using machines as production tools. England itself has natural wealth such as coal and iron ore. The wealth nature resource energy had to aid England in developing the industry because of coal and iron ore very necessary to do industry processes especially coal which constitute a roast matter for production machines. The function of the machine is to save work. In a fully mechanized world all the dull drudgery will be done by machinery, leaving us free for more interesting pursuits. So expressed, this sounds splendid. (p.177) In his notes, George Orwell describes how the pictures of factories standing in industrial cities: you could see the factory chimneys sending out their plumes of smoke. The canal path was a mixture of cinders and frozen mud, criss-crossed by the imprints of innumerable clogs, and all round, as far as the slag-heaps in the distance, stretched the 'flashes'-pools of stagnant water that had seeped into the hollows caused by the subsidence of ancient pits. It was horribly cold. The 'flashes' were covered with ice the colour of raw umber, the bargemen were muffled to the eyes in sacks, the lock gates wore beards of ice. It seemed a world from which vegetation had been banished;nothing existed except smoke, shale, ice, mud, ashes,and foul water. (p.97) The picture of Industrialization is not only seen from the development of machines and factories that are developing in England, but also the presence of industrialization that has brought direct changes to the city area and the place where the people live, also brings about changes in people's habits.
George Orwell also described how many areas in England are slowly starting to develop into industrial estates: In some towns building seems to be almost at a standstill, in others it is proceeding rapidly and the private landlord is being driven out of business. Liverpool, for instance, has been very largely rebuilt, mainly by the efforts of the Corporation. Sheffield, too, is being torn down and rebuilt pretty fast, though perhaps, considering the unparalleled beastliness of its slums, not quite fast enough. (p.59) George Orwell view that construction appears to be almost at a standstill in some cities, it continues easily in others and the private landlord is forced out of business. Liverpool, for example, was restored to a very large degree, mostly by the company's efforts. Sheffield, too, is being torn down and reconstructed fairly rapidly, but probably, not quite fast enough, given the unimaginable beastliness of its slums.
For a social life, the industry tends to have a positive impact, but for the industrial environment, it has negative impacts such as air pollution, air pollution, and so on. Apart from those mentioned earlier, a social industrial environment usually receives social guidance. George Orwell described the incident as follows: for in the industrial areas one always feels that the smoke and filth must go on for ever and that no part of the earth's surface can escape them. In a crowded, dirty little country like ours one takes defilement almost for granted. Slag-heaps and chimneys seem a more normal, probable landscape than grass and trees, and even in the depths of the country when you drive your fork into the ground you half expect to lever up a broken bottle or a rusty can. But out here the snow was untrodden and lay so deep that only the tops of the stone boundarywalls were showing, winding over the hills like black paths. (p.16) Furthermore, George Orwell explained the condition of the community in the industrial area, They are liable to rheumatism and a man with defective lungs does not last long in that dust-impregnated air, but the most characteristic industrial disease is nystagmus. (p. 42) The citation above is clarified about the condition of conditions of cities and the communities of people in England where he stayed in. Then, it is reflected in Orwell's history when he looked around in Wigan. According to Shalden (2010: 28) stated that Orwell found the plight of the unemployed especially bad in the town of Wigan, where families were living in dirty trailers on a "miry canal." He considered the area worse than the slums he had seen in Burma."Nothing in the East could ever be quite as bad," he wrote, "for in the East you haven't our clammy, penetrating cold to contend with, and the sun is a disinfectant."

Industrialization Effects in The Road to Wigan Pier
As all works of literature, literary works are a representation of the transition of reality and its human experience, either actual or merely fictional, which are cutpieces and then reassembled by the author's creativity, understanding, and expertise and articulated through a script. After all the events that have happened in the inner human, which is also the focus of literature, one's relationship with God, the cosmos, culture, individuals, and himself is a result of (Satoto and Fananie, 2000: 251).
Therefore, literature often portrays life largely made up of social truth. Both economic, religious, political, and social issues, which are also a portrait of how people respond to their climate, social mechanisms, and the cultivation process that puts members of the group in their positions. One form of art that plays a critical role in the culture of a country is whether the actual work of literature is consciously or unconsciously.
The industrial revolution and industrialization in England brought about major changes to the style of economic actors, presenting a capitalist ideology that triggered the emergence of a social class between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. From class, consciousness emerged a political movement which was called socialism which was engaged in social equality.

Capitalism in The Road to Wigan Pier
The existence of factory in the industrial society carries the changes for their activities. One of it is the change of the artisans and farmer activity to the laborer in the factory. Factory comes as the new industry where it required bodies of laborers working and building where the machines were placed. Because it requires collective of laborers working, it arouses the expansion of collective labor under control the capitalist. Then mode of production is known as the capitalist mode of production where it set by the capitalist.
With the development of England as an industrial country, it is necessary to expand the region. Capitalism became a growing economic patch so that trade expansion and ideology spread not only in the British region. George Orwell put it this way: Under the capitalist system, in order that England may live in comparative comfort, a hundred million Indians must live on the verge of starvation-an evil state of affairs, but you acquiesce in it every time you step into a taxi or eat a plate of strawberries and cream. The alternative is to throw the Empire overboard and reduce England to a cold and unimportant little island where we should all have to work very hard and live mainly on herrings and potatoes. (p. 144) From the quote above, George Orwell describes that the capitalist system has been present in England, thus was born imperialism for the sake of continuity in a government with industrial activities. Imperialism is a system in the political world that aims to control other countries in obtaining power or benefits from the country under their control. Under the imperialist system, a hundred million Indians would survive on the brink of poverty in order for England to live in comparative luxury, an evil state of affairs, but you agree with it every time you walk into a taxi or consume a plate of strawberries and cream.
The capitalist-imperialist governments, even though they themselves are about to be plundered, will not fight with any conviction against Fascism as such. Our rulers, those of them who understand the issue, would probably prefer to hand over every square inch of the British Empire to Italy, Germany, and Japan than to see Socialism triumphant. (p.195) As previously explained, here George Orwell gives his view of capitalism and imperialism where the presence of capitalism-imperialism becomes a new system of government, and after all capitalist governments will not want themselves to be colonized even though they themselves are colonizers. From quotations above George Orwell means that The capitalist-imperialist regimes would not fight with much conviction against Fascism as such even though they themselves are about to be plundered. Our kings, those who recognize the problem, would actually prefer to give over to Italy, Germany and Japan every square inch of the British Empire than to see Socialism victorious.
The power of capitalist to take many profits because the capitalist has means of production. According Ayn Rand (1970: 19), capitalism is a social system based on the recognition of individual rights, including property rights, in which all property is privately owned. And from this capital owner appear capitalisme term that have meaning capital owner.
Capitalism is an economic ideology that holds that income (profit) can be increased by means of a large amount of capital, entrepreneurs in the production sector, raw material sources, distribution (marketing) and the latest technology. In this view the capitalists really want the widest possible freedom for each individual in their business, free competition without interference from the government, so that the prosperity of the nation and state can only be regulated through market mechanisms.
How much real difference does it make? Obviously, living within the framework of capitalist society, he has got to go on earning his living, and one cannot blame him if he clings to his bourgeois economic status. But is there any change in his tastes, his habits, his manners, his imaginative background-his 'ideology (p.123) From this quote, we can see that George Orwell sees that not all people who live in a capitalist framework feel prosperous, but people still have to keep trying to survive and improve their life status, other than that, George Orwell explained the background of life and ideology that influenced the fabric of society, including the process of imagination in writing literary works, including what was written by George Orwell.

George Orwell added and talk give his opinion about capitalism like this,
The capitalist cannot cooperate with the proletarian. The cat cannot cooperate with the mouse; and if the cat does suggest cooperation and the mouse is fool (p. 206). George Orwell means Capitalism is reluctant to cooperate with the proletariat. If the cat suggests cooperation and the mouse is naive, the cat will not cooperate with the mouse.

Social Class in The Road to Wigan Pier
Besides that, the industrial revolution that arose in England caused or the rapid development of the number of unemployed, because the presence of sophisticated machines whose working power could work several times as much as human power made human labor seem less necessary. So that the level or number of unemployment is far away. So it is only fitting that so many British people experience unemployment or do not work. The other is working, their income can only be used to get a place to rest. The rest, there are many other unfulfilled needs.
With the presence of a capitalist ideology that makes changes in terms of economic activity, the ideology of capitalism has in fact brought a new form in society, namely social class. According Marx (in Yaris, 2014: 14) notes that there are two sub classes in capitalist classes they are bourgeoisie class and proletariat class. Bourgeoisie class or is known as the capitalists are those who has control the world's nature, economic and human resources while proletariats are those who live in substandard conditions and usually is known as the working class such as the labor of the mining, the factory work, the ditch digging and the railroad building. They lack such the means of production, ownership or control, so that society is divided into two classes between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. George Orwell describes the views on class contention as follows: In order to symbolize the class war, there has been set up the more or less mythical figure of a 'proletarian', a muscular but downtrodden man in greasy overalls, in contradistinction to a 'capitalist', a fat, wicked man in a top hat and fur coat. It is tacitly assumed that there is no one in between; the truth being, of course, (p.205) The more or less fictional figure of a 'proletarian,' a muscular but downtrodden man in greasy overalls, in comparison to a 'capitalist,' a fat, evil man in a top hat and fur coat, was set up in order to symbolize the class war. There is no one in between, it is tacitly presumed; the fact is, of course.
Base on the theory, the data above is evidence of the collapse political system in England. Capitalism was dominant in the Wigan, they never thought about the miner's destiny, how they get worthy of their life, how they get food. The capitalist only needs its energy to do all of their industry. The injustice and poverty here seen in the daily activity of Wigan society. As we know, laboring is a hard job, someone can not do it easily without any practice and habits. Incredibly, the miners have been trained in their work quickly and deftly. They trained with the heavy work from childhood rather they were trained by their compulsion to live in political injustice.
They have done it since child-hood, they have the right muscles hardened, and they can move to and fro underground with a startling and rather horribly agility. A miner puts his head down and runs, with a long swinging stride, through places where I can only stagger. At the workings you see them on all fours, skipping round the pit props almost like dogs. (Orwell, 1937: 31) The citation above explained that the miner has great power when they do the job. Orwell witnessed how they work, and finished them and it made Orwell horrible and surprise. They show how they do their horrible job in mining coal. Marx paid great attention to capitalism. According to him, the possibility of capitalist society tends towards monopoly capitalism, the division of capitalist society into two main classes, namely the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, the progressive impoverishment of the proletariat, and the movement of capitalism which cannot the bargain leads to catastrophic depression.
shillings a shift, and one does a small multiplication sum and concludes that every miner is earning round about £3 a week or £150 a year. But the statement that a miner receives ten or eleven shillings a shift is very misleading. (p 41) From the citation above, Orwell explained why most miners did not actually earn as much as they are sometimes believed to and also balance with their job. Working in the mining coal area for a day is difficult and dangerous. Therefore, after seeing Wigan society activities, Orwell wants to abolish the class system in England. Because he was afraid that if these pitiable conditions in England constantly continued to the future.
The working class is thus for Marx not what it is conventionally thought to be, namely manual factory workers, but all those whose conditions of life force them to sell their labor power, and who find themselves at work subject to constant pressure from an employer who seeks to extract the maximum of unpaid labor from them. What defined the working class is not sort of work they do, but their place in the relation of production. The capitalist class system is still very much in business. The main changes have been in the structure of the working class, accompanied buy a greater concentration of economic power caused by the development of first monopoly capital and now multinational capital. The working class is the overwhelming majority of the population of the advanced capitalist country.
Probably we could do with a little less talk about' capitalist' and 'proletarian' and a little more about the robbers and the robbed. But at any rate we must drop that misleading habit of pretending that the only proletarians are manual labourers. It has got to be brought home to the clerk, the engineer, the commercial traveller, the middle-class man who has 'come down in the world', the village grocer, the lower-grade civil servant, and all other doubtful cases that they are the proletariat, (p.206) From the above quotation George Orwell gives a view of the class conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, and George Orwell said that we should hopefully care a bit less about the bourgeoisie and the proletariat' and a little more about the thieves and the stolen. But the false practice of claiming that the only proletarians are manual laborers must be abandoned, at any cost. The clerk, the architect, the business traveler, the middle-class guy who has come down to the world, the village grocer, the lower-grade civil servant, and all the other dubious instances of becoming the proletariat, have to be taken home.
where the proletarian and the repentant bourgeois are supposed to fall upon one another's necks and be brothers for ever; and the bourgeois visitors come away saying how wonderful and inspiring it has all been (the proletarian ones come away saying something different). (p. 146) As explained above by Karl Marx, the proletarian class is a society that does not have the means of production so that it must become a working class society. Working class people usually live in a level of life below the standard of living or in other words, people who live in poverty. George Orwell wrote down the conditions about working class or proletariats as follows: The thing is not so impossible as it sounds, because in workingclass districts every family takes in a two penny weekly paper and changes it every few weeks; but I doubt whether anyone keeps a job of that kind long. (p. 9) So to the bourgeoisie's shock-absorbers, such as myself, 'common citizens' always seemed cruel and repulsive. George Orwell seem to have spent half the time criticizing the patriarchal system, looking back on that era, and the other half raging about the insolence of bus drivers.
So to the shock-absorbers of the bourgeoisie, such as myself, 'common people' still appeared brutal and repulsive. Looking back upon that period, I seem to have spent half the time in denouncing the capitalist system and the other half in raging over the insolence of bus-conductors (p. 128) Further George Orwell around working class conditions, from quotes above George Orwell means The problem is not difficult, as it might seem, for every family takes two cents a weekly newspaper in a working-class district and replaces it every few weeks; but George Orwell wonder that anybody has held such a job that long.
He had never been in the North before, and I think that till recently he had been in better employ and was used to staying in commercial hotels. This was his first glimpse of really low-class lodgings, the kind of place in which the poor tribe of touts and canvassers have to shelter upon their endless journeys. (p. 14) George Orwell had never been to the North before and George Orwell believe he had been better working and accustomed to living in commercial hotels until recently. This was his first impression of very low-class lodgings, the sort of place where their relentless travels could be shielded by the wretched tribe of touts and canvassers. Further George Orwell described as follows: In a working-class home it is the man who is the master and not, as in a middle-class home, the woman or the baby. Practically never, for instance, in a working-class home, will you see the man doing a stroke of the housework. Unemployment has not changed this convention, which on the face of it seems a little unfair. (p.74) It is the guy who is the boss and not, as in a middle-class household, the wife or the baby in a working-class home. Practically nowhere for example, can you see the man doing a stroke of housework in a working-class household? This convention has not been altered by the recession, which is a bit unreasonable on the face of it.
What we have lost in food we have gained in electricity. Whole sections of the working class who have been plundered of all they really need are being compensated, in part, by cheap luxuries which mitigate the surface of life. (p 82) George Orwell suppose that what we lost was the food we got from energy. In part, inexpensive luxuries that mitigate the surface of life repay whole parts of the working class that have been plundered of everything they really need.
The description of poverty and unemployment in industrial areas, especially in rural areas such as Mandalay and Wigan, is increasingly being written by George Orwell.
The road from Mandalay to Wigan is a long one and the reasons for taking it are not immediately clear. In the earlier chapters of this book I have given a rather fragmentary account of various things I saw in the coal areas of Lancashire and Yorkshire. I went there partly because I wanted to see what mass-unemployment is like at its worst, partly in order to see the most typical section of the English working class at close quarters. (p .109) George Orwell means that the path is a long one from Mandalay to Wigan and the reasons for taking it are not instantly apparent. George Orwell gave a somewhat fragmentary account of different occurrences, he saw in the coal regions of Lancashire and Yorkshire in the earlier chapters of this book. I went there partly because I wanted to see what mass unemployment is like at its worst, partly to see close quarters of the most traditional segment of the English working class.

Socialism as Political Movement in The Road to Wigan Pier
Politics is an activity that is directed to gain and maintain power in society. Politics also is all about the process of formulation and implementation of public policy. Sometimes people choose the wrong way to gain their aim that caused the detriment of society. Political realism is influential in literature because literature is produced a literary work that reflected the condition of the author's social reality.
In Orwell's work, the writer finds some quotations which described political elements. Absolutely, he always creat a book offends political problem. In the same book, he makes a very interesting confession which demonstrates better than anything else he wrote his distrust in the mere mechanics of social development (Atkins, 1971: 19).
Most of the Socialists I have talked to denounce this movement as they denounce the project-it is always being talked about but it never comes to anything-to give the unemployed small-holdings. They say that the occupational centres are simply a device to keep the unemployed quiet and give them the illusion that something is being done for them. (p.75) From quotation above George Orwell try to approaching the interpretation of socialism, in the first he talked As they oppose the initiative, most of the Socialists George Orwell have spoken to denounce this movement-it is still spoken about but it never comes to anything-to offer the unemployed small-holdings. They argue that occupational centers are merely a system for keeping the unemployed quiet and giving them the feeling that they are doing something for them. Any of the Progressives Any of the Progressives George Orwell have spoken to condemn this campaign as they reject the initiative-it is always spoken of but it never comes to anything-to sell the unemployed small-holdings. They claim that occupational centers are simply a mechanism for keeping the unemployed quiet and giving them the idea that something is being done for them have spoken to condemn this campaign as they reject the initiative-it is always spoken of but it never comes to anything-to sell the unemployed small-holdings. They claim that occupational centers are simply a mechanism for keeping the unemployed quiet and giving them the idea that something is being done for them.
Furthermore, in this section of the analysis, the writer used some findings data that are taken from the book. Especially for the political aspect, as quotation below: When you see the unemployment figures quoted at two millions, its fatally easy to take this as meaning that two million people are out of work and the rest of the population is comparatively comfortable. (p. 76) From the qoutation above, explained about social reality occured in society that poverty was widespread and almost half the population of England at that time did not get a job. It can imagine two billion society in English were not working (unemployment). But that large number has been spelled out by the government, the only numbers that shown how many people are getting help (financial).
I went there partly because I wanted to see what massunemployment is like at its worst, partly in order to see the most typical section of the English working class at close quarters. This was necessary to me as part of my approach to Socialism, for before you can be sure whether you are genuinely in favour of Socialism, you have got to decide whether things at present are tolerable or not tolerable, and you have got to take up (p. 109) George Orwell went through some of the slums of England because he wanted to see what the worst mass unemployment looked like, partly to have a close look at the most characteristic parts of the British working class. As part of George Orwell 's approach to socialism, this is important for George Orwell and before he can be sure that he really supports socialism, it must be determined whether conditions are tolerable or intolerable at present, to accept them.
Capitalism, which presents a class conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, gives birth to new thoughts and movements, namely socialism. Socialism also exists to respond to the presence of machines. The presence of socialism was written by George Orwell in his writings as follows: The first thing to notice is that the idea of Socialism is bound up, more or less inextricably, with the idea of machine production. Socialism is essentially an urban creed. It grew up more or less concurrently with industrialism, it has always had its roots in the town proletariat and the town intellectual, and it is doubtful whether it could ever have arisen in any but an industrial society. Granted industrialism, the idea of Socialism presents itself naturally, because private ownership is only tolerable when every individual (or family or other unit) is at least moderately self-supporting; but the effect of industrialism is to make it impossible for anyone to be self-supporting even for a moment. Industrialism, once it rises above a fairly low level, must lead to some form of collectivism. (p. 169) George Orwell view that the first thing to note is that more or less inextricably, the concept of socialism is tied up with the idea of the creation of machines. Essentially, socialism is a metropolitan creed. It grew up more or less at the same time as industrialism, has always had its origins in the proletariat of the city and the intellectual of the city, and it is unlikely if it might ever have existed in any society other than an industrial one. The principle of socialism presents itself naturally, given industrialism, because private ownership is only tolerable when any person or family or another unit) is at least reasonably self-supporting; but the result of industrialism is to make it difficult for everyone, even for a moment, to be self-supporting. Industrialism must contribute to a sort of collectivism if it grows above a very low level.
Furthermore, George Orwell describes the socialism that is present as a critique of capitalism, industrialism and the presence of machines as follows: Machine production suggests Socialism, but Socialism as a worldsystem implies machine-production, because it demands certain things not compatible with a primitive way of life. It demands, for instance, constant intercommunication and exchange of goods between all parts of the earth; it demands some degree of centralized control; it demands an approximately equal standard of life for all human beings and probably a certain uniformity of education. (p.170) Socialism is implied by machine production, but socialism as a global order means machine production since it involves many aspects that are not consistent with a primitive way of life. For example, it requires continuous intercommunication and exchanging of goods between all areas of the world; it requires some degree of centralized control; it requires all human beings to have a roughly equal quality of living and potentially some uniformity of education.
And what are the essentials of Socialism? What is the mark of a real Socialist? I suggest that the real Socialist is one who wishes-not merely conceives it as desirable, but actively wishes-to see tyranny overthrown (p. 200) From quotation above, in the first George Orwell try to understanding what is socialism, before he try to give some critical to socialism.
Socialism means the overthrow of tyranny, at home as well as abroad. So long as you keep that fact well to the front, you will never be in much doubt as to who are your real supporters. As for minor differences-and the profoundest philosophical difference is unimportant compared with saving the twenty million Englishmen whose bones are rotting from malnutrition-the time to argue about them is afterwards. (p.201) Socialism can means as ideology which wish for materialized a society which stacked in a collective manner in order to be happiness society. Because of that, socialism emphasize the struggle on society. Socialism born as reaction to liberalism in 19th century. Besides of that, socialism appear as practice capitalism industry effects that improve from liberalism ideas. Karl Heindrich Marx (1818-1883) one of the shape famous socialism said on his book: This school of Socialism dissected with great acuteness the contradictions in the conditions of modern production. It laid bare the hypocritical apologies of economists. It proved, incontrovertibly, the disastrous effects of machinery and division of labour; the concentration of capital and land in a few hands; overproduction and crises; it pointed out the inevitable ruin of the petty bourgeois and peasant, the misery of the proletariat, the anarchy in production, the crying inequalities in the distribution of wealth, the industrial war of extermination between nations, the dissolution of old moral bonds, of the old family relations, of the old nationalities. (Marx and Angel: 29: 1975) From what Karl Marx expressed, we can argue that socialism will emerge from the historical necessities of capitalism which are considered obsolete and unsustainable from the internal contradictions arising from the development of the productive forces and technology. It is advances in production combined with old social relations with capitalism which will produce contradictions, and then lead to working class consciousness.
Via Socialist politics you can get in touch with the working-class intelligentsia, but they are hardly more typical than tramps or burglars. For the rest you can only mingle with the working class by staying in their houses as a lodger, which always has a dangerous resemblance to 'slumming'. (p,140-141) A division in social society between the lower and upper classes in Orwell's time inspired him to understand the creation of a society, which is like constructing a Utopian society. They, the working class in particular appear to have touched Orwell, a compromise that the lower class England workers make in doing constant jobs without an advantage that will make their life prosperous in order to be able to fulfill their living needs. He claims that one of the things that England should do to build a stable society or rise from adversity is to implement socialism by restoring the economic system. Orwell indicated that the England people follow a socialist philosophy, one of which is to compare fascism to attempt and demonstrate how many people choose to be leftists, that the government that controls them and establishes a structure of England society is their freedom.
Further George Orwell described as follows: And all the while everyone who uses his brain knows that Socialism, as a world-system and wholeheartedly applied, is a way out. It would at least ensure our getting enough to eat even if it deprived us of everything else. Indeed, from one point of view, Socialism is such elementary common sense that I am sometimes amazed that it has not established itself already. (p.

154)
And everyone who uses his brain knows that socialism, as a world structure and implemented wholeheartedly, is a way out of it. And if it robbed us of anything else, it would at least guarantee that we had plenty to eat. Indeed, Socialism is from one point of view, such an elementary common sense that I am often surprised that it has not already developed itself.
George Orwell believes that one way to do by the British to realize a prosperous society or rose from adversity, by improving the economic system that established socialism. It lines with Atkins's statement in George Orwell (1971:199) that Orwell believed that Socialism was the only political system based on hope. All others were movements of despair and derived from disillusion.
Socialism means the overthrow of tyranny, at home as well as abroad. So long as you keep that fact well to the front, you will never be in much doubt as to who are your real supporters. As for minor differences-and the profoundest philosophical difference is unimportant compared with saving the twenty million Englishmen whose bones are rotting from malnutrition-the time to argue about them is afterwards. (p.201) Socialists only claim that they can make the world better, not perfect any thinking socialist will admit that when economic justice has been achieved there will still be a major problem to be solved, that of man's place in the universe. In some ways, Socialism was as much a religious theory as an economic. But the average man is not going to think about religious or metaphysical problems while he is hungry or oppressed. It is all summed up in Marx's saying that after Socialism has arrived human history can begin (Atkins, 1971: 199-200). Thereby, the economic injustice will stop as soon as possible.
It has got to be brought home to the clerk, the engineer, the commercial traveller, the middle-class man who has 'come down in the world', the village grocer, the lowergrade civil servant, and all other doubtful cases that they are the proletariat, and that Socialism means a fair deal for them as well as for the navvy and the factoryhand. They must not be allowed to think that the battle is between those who pronounce their aitches and those who don't; for if they think that, they will join in on the side of the aitches. (p. 206) The accountant, the mechanic, the company traveler, the middle-class guy who has come down to the world, the village grocer, the lower-grade civil servant, and any such questionable cases ought to be taken home that they are the proletariat, and that socialism entails a good deal for them as well as for the navy and the factory-hand. They must not be permitted to assume that there is a war between those who pronounce their paychecks and those who do not; for if they think so, they will join in on the side of the aitches.
Yet I believe there is some hope that when Socialism is a living issue, a thing that large numbers of Englishmen genuinely care about, the class-difficulty may solve itself more rapidly than now seems thinkable. (p. 210) In this case, in dealing with this issue, one of which is by accepting socialist philosophy, we can see George Orwell proposing a near solution to the England government. And if the upper-class society are more dependent on the government, they are seen as having influence and one of them is that they can spend and help improve the country's economic conditions. In this scenario, Orwell looks at those in the lower class who only work hard every day without incentives that will help their lives.

CONCLUSIONS
The Road To Wigan Pier is a book which presents the social and political issues. This book describes the historical values. It generally describes condition of England in industrialization era. Broadly speaking, what George Orwell describes is a picture of an industry in which the presence of industrialization is marked by the discovery of machines as a tool that simplifies human work, from machines to factories emerging because of the increasingly massive production process, with the presence of a machine that made England the beginning industrial cities.
It can be concluded that in The Road To Wigan Pier the presence of industrialization in England and capitalism emerged as an economic ideology where the presence of capitalism freed everyone to carry out economic activities, although, in the end, the presence of capitalism gave rise to a class order in social conditions between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie so that there were criticism and a political movement called socialism which offered a new thought.