TRANSFORMATION OF HEALTH TERMINOLOGY THROUGH DERIVATIONAL AFFIXATION IN CNN ONLINE NEWS

Derivational affixation is a linguistic process that involves the creation of new words by adding prefixes, suffixes, or infixes to existing words. These affixes can modify the word's part of speech, alter its meaning, or both. The present study had the objective of identifying various types of derivational affixes and examining the morphological transformations they bring about in health-related terms within CNN's online news platform. Employing qualitative research methods informed by Katamba's theoretical framework (2005), the investigation utilized a dataset sourced from the news website https://edition.cnn.com/. The dataset encompassed 30 health-related news articles spanning topics such as COVID-19, mental health, food, beauty, sleep, and pregnancy. Based on data analysis from 30 health news, there were 13 words containing derivational prefixes and 64 words containing derivational suffixes. The words in derivational prefix did not change the part of speech but changed the meaning. In derivational suffixes, there are 7 types of changes that change word from verb to noun (23 words), adjective to noun (14 words), noun to noun (10 words), noun to adjective (7 words), adjective to adverb (5 words), verb to adjective (4 words), and the last noun to verb (1 word). From the findings, it can be concluded that the addition of affixes to words explains the function of sentence structure. Derivational suffixes are found the most because they have many interactions of forms, meanings, and functions.


INTRODUCTION
Health stands as an essential cornerstone of existence.Recently, global attention has been firmly fixed on health due to the emergence of a novel virus named COVID-19 towards the close of 2019.COVID-19, short for Coronavirus disease 2019, derives its name from the Latin term "corona," representing its crown-like appearance, and the numeral 19 denoting the year of its discovery.
This virus spreads through droplets expelled from the mouth or nose of infected individuals during activities like coughing or sneezing.These droplets settle on surfaces or hands used to shield these actions, as well as on frequently touched objects in communal spaces.Infection from this virus leads to symptoms akin to the flu, including headaches, fever, sore throat, and cough.In severe cases, individuals may experience elevated fever, shortness of breath, chest pain, and persistent coughing.Although no cure for COVID-19 exists, a vaccine is available as a preventive measure to mitigate the risk.
Educating the public about this virus through news dissemination is one strategy to curtail its spread alongside vaccination efforts.
News constitutes vital and sought-after information essential to a multitude of individuals.As stated by Ardiansyah (2020), news refers to a report containing crucial facts, opinions, or captivating elements, delivered promptly.Historically, people relied on newspapers, magazines, radio, and television to acquire information.However, with the advent of the internet and technological advancements, accessing news has become remarkably effortless for people.
The prevalence of internet usage has led individuals to gravitate towards obtaining news online due to its enhanced efficiency and flexibility.Waiting for television broadcasts or missing out on updates is no longer a concern, as news can be conveniently accessed through devices like smartphones, tablets, or computers connected to the internet (Kuang, et al. 2018).As a result, information regarding the virus spreads rapidly across the globe.Through these technological means, the public can acquire comprehensive knowledge about Covid-19.Additionally, apart from insights into the Covid-19 virus, online health news covers topics such as nutrition, mental well-being, fitness, and more.An exemplar of such a news outlet offering health-related updates is CNN Online News.
The CNN stands for Cable News Network, initially established by Ted Turner as a cable television news program.On August 30, 1995, CNN introduced its website, initially known as CNN Interactive.This digital platform offers a diverse range of information encompassing sports, economics, politics, health, and more.Notably, CNN serves as one of the online news portals utilizing the English language.
English becomes the prevalent global language in contemporary times, bearing significant importance across various domains, including the realm of news.News presented in English holds a wider scope for conveying information.However, English incorporates affixation, a linguistic phenomenon that can alter both word meaning and grammatical role.The presence of affixation can pose challenges for non-native speakers, leading to potential misunderstandings when deciphering words with affixed components.Thus, the study of affixation emerges as crucial in addressing these linguistic intricacies.
Affixation constitutes a component of morphology, a linguistic field concerned with the examination of word structures (Zuhri et al., 2022).This area of study has uncovered processes for forming words.While these word formations are accessible for written expression, not all of them find common usage.In a related investigation, Indrian (2022) elucidated that within linguistic science, morphology entails investigating the structure and origin of words.The study focused on analyzing the process of morphological word formation, specifically in the context of naming mobile applications.
Within the realm of affixation, both inflectional and derivational affixes play roles.Hence, the aim of this study was to identify the various types of derivational affixes present in CNN's online news and to analyze how these affixes influence word forms through the process of derivation.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Morphology is a part of linguistics, so many linguists define morphology.Here are some linguists who explain the meaning of morphology.According to Purwanti (2020), morphology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the formation and forms of words in a language.Thus, Yule (2017) explains that morphology is a study that focuses on word formation rather than depending on identifying words.In other words.Faradisa et al. (2019) defined morphology as a linguistic term dealing with "word forms" of various uses and constructions.
In morphology, there is the term morpheme.According to Rizki and Zakrimal (2020) morpheme is the smallest part of the language and has its meaning, such as table, wall, and chair.However, Maulidina et al. (2019) said that morphemes in general, are minimal meaningful elements.Also Katamba (2005) agrees that morpheme is a term that refers to the smallest unit in a language that has meaning or serves a grammatical function.So it can be concluded that a morpheme is the smallest part of a language with meaning and a grammatical function.The examples of morphemes as in the word 'write'.The word write cannot be divided into wri-te.Nevertheless, if the word 'writer' can be divided, it consists of 'write' and the suffix '-er'.
Affix is a word added to an existing word in a prefix, infix, or suffix to create a new word.The prefix is an affix that comes before the root or word.For example, the word "malpractice" has a base 'practice' and a prefix 'mal-' which changes the meaning into a negative word.A suffix is an affix that comes after a root or word.Examples of suffixes are -able, -ion, -er, and so on.As in the word 'singer', the base is sing, and the suffix is -er.An infix is an affix inserted inside the root itself, but in English is rare, and in some languages like Tagalog, infix is common.According to Ratih and Gusdian (2018) affixes are the process of getting new words by using existing word.Another expert, katamba (2006), claims that an affix is a morpheme attached to another morpheme such as root, stem, or base.
Root, stem, and base are the basic units of language that can be added with affixes.Aronoff (2011) explains that a root is like a stem constituting the core of the word to which other pieces attach, but the term refers only to morphologically simple units.While Katamba (2006) said root is the core of the word.The root can be added with affix or suffix.
After knowing the root, the subsequent discussion is a stem.Aronoff (2011) claims that a stem is a base unit to which another morphological piece is attached.According to Katamba (2005), state stem is the part of a word in existence before any inflectional affixes have been added.For example, in word-form dogs, the plural inflectional suffix -s is attached to the simple stem dog.
Base in morphology is the basic form of a word.Aronoff (2011) stated that a base is the root or stem to which an affix attaches.Also, Katamba (2005) argues that a base is a part that affixes can attach in any form.Inflectional affixes chosen for syntactic reasons or derivational affixes that change the meaning or grammatical category of the base are examples of affixes added to a base.Like 'boy', it can be added with inflectional suffixes to form the plural 'boys,' or added with derivational affixes '-ish' and changed to 'boyish'.Another example, 'unaware' and 'awareness,' from the two words, the root is 'aware' and affix is 'un-' and '-ness'.'Un-' and '-ness' cannot stand alone, so they must be attached by root or base to become a word.
In affixes, there are inflectional affix and derivational affix.An inflectional affix is an affix added to an existing word but does not change the word itself.According to plag (2003), inflectional are affixes added to the root or base of a word without creating new words or changing the part of speech.Additionaly Katamba (2005) state inflectional processes assign grammatical properties to a stem in order to produce a grammatical word that can fit into a given syntactic slot, and several affixes are included in inflectional affixes.The categories included in inflectional affixes are third-person, singular, present, plural, progressive aspect, past tense, comparative adjective and superlative adjective.
The derivation is an affix that can change the form of a word into another word, and the word can be the same or grammatically different.According to Yule (2017), derivational morpheme uses bound morphemes to create new words different from the grammatical category from the stem.Meanwhile, Finegan (2003) derivation in morphology designates a process whereby one lexical item is transformed into another with a related meaning but belonging to a different lexical class.Every linguist has their thoughts on derivational suffixes.In theory by Katamba (2005), There are 10 changes that occur because of the suffix, including: verb to noun, verb to adjective, noun to verb, noun to adjective, adjective to adverb, adjective to noun, adjective to verb, noun to noun, adjective to adjective, and verb to verb.

METHOD
The method used in this research was a qualitative method.Patton (2002) states this qualitative method refers to a study based on descriptive data that does not use statistical procedures.The method was applied because this research was appropriate with the characteristics of qualitative methods.The data were in words and not related to statistical procedures or formulas.Then the words were analyzed and explained in the form of paragraphs.
The source of data in this research was health news from CNN.In this study, 30 health news were selected from the news portal https://edition.cnn.com/.The data in this research used the word taken from health news.The health news was published on April, May, and June.The selected health news related to covid-19, mental health, sleep, food, beauty, and pregnancy.
The data were collected data several steps.First, looking for health news in CNN online news.Then, choosing words related to health and containing derivational affixes.After that, finding the data and then writing in a note.After collecting the data, the next step was analyzing the data.The steps of analyzing data in this study were checking the data that had been collected in the health dictionary, dividing the data into two categories, describing the morphological process from the data, making results based on data that has been analyzed, and drawing conclusion based on the result of the research.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
A total of 30 health news from CNN there are 78 words included in the health terms and contain derivational affixes; 13 words are derivational prefix and 65 words are derivational suffix.The finding would be revealed as follow.

Derivational Prefix
Derivation is an affix that can change the form of a word into another word, and the word can be the same or grammatically different.The prefix is an affix that comes before the root or word.The prefixes found were 13 words, including dis-, un-, re-, non-, and in-.There are seven prefixes in nouns, four prefixes in adjectives, and two prefixes in verbs.The most common prefix is dis-with five words.Then, the prefixes un-, re-and in-which each prefix have three words.The last prefix is non-as much as one word.There are explanations about derivational prefix (Table 1).In data number 1, the word disorder consists of a noun base 'order' and a 'dis-' prefix (Table 1).The addition of the word of class prefix does not change, but its meaning changes.Next is data number 2, which is unvaccinated.Unvaccinated consists of base 'vaccinated', which is an adjective and prefix 'un-', which changes the meaning to negative.
Another sample of a derivational prefix can be seen in data number 3. The word reinfection consists of base 'infection' and the prefix 're-', which means to repeat something.Reinfection means to be infected again.
Furthermore, in data number 4, the word 'inorganic' consists of 'organic' base and prefix 'in-'.Organic is an adjective, then a prefix is added; with the addition of the prefix the word class does not change, but the meaning changes.The last is the 'non-' prefix at number 5. 'Non-vegetarian' consists of a noun base 'vegetarian' and the prefix 'non-'.The same as before with the addition of a prefix that changes only the word's meaning.

Derivational suffix
There are derivational suffixes that change the meaning of the word or part of speech.In the news, the researcher found that seven changes were identified as derivational suffixes, including verb to noun, verb to adjective, noun to verb, noun to adjective, adjective to noun, adjective to adverb, and noun to noun.Below is a word change from verb to noun found in the news (Table 2).
In data number 1, there is the word isolation.Isolation words have a base "isolate", a verb, and an "-ion" as a suffix that changes the part of speech into a noun (Table 2).The suffix changes the speech "isolate" from a verb to a noun.An example of the suffix '-ment' changing a word into a noun is in table number 2. Therefore, this word includes a derivational suffix because it changes form and meaning.The word "nourishment" has a base 'nourish', which is a verb, then the suffix '-ment' is added to become a noun.Next is data number 3, namely disinfectant (Table 2).The word disinfectant is a derivational suffix."Disinfectant" has a base 'disinfect' which is a verb, then added the suffix'-ant', which changes part of speech into a noun. in data number 4, it can be seen the word fasting."Fasting" has a base 'fast', a verb, and a suffix '-ing', which changes part of speech into a noun.In data no 5, the word "overthinker," a derivational suffix in the sentence above.To make the word "overthinker," the suffix '-er' is added to the base' overthink', which is a verb.Adding a suffix to the base changes the part of speech into a noun and the word's meaning.
The words indicate a change from verb to adjective found in health news (Table 3).In data number 1, it can be seen that there is the word crippling.The suffix '-ing' is found in this word.The base of the word is 'cripple', then the suffix '-ing' is added.After adding the suffix '-ing', the word turns into an adjective.Crippling is a derivational suffix because it changes speech from a verb to an adjective.CALL, 2023, 5(1), 29-38 Then, number 2 is meditative."Meditative" is an adjective that consists of a base verb, namely 'meditate' and also a suffix '-ive'.The word is a derivational suffix because it changes the part of speech from the base.
In the news selected, there is only one word that changes from noun to verb, namely hospitalized.The word "hospitalized" is a derivational affix because it consists of the base hospital and the suffix '-ize'.Word changes occur in the part of speech and also in meaning.In the part of speech, the word 'hospital' is a noun, and after the suffix is added, it turns into a verb.Here are words that have a base noun then add a suffix to change the word into an adjective (Table 4).Data number 1 there is the word "suicidal", is a derivational suffix word.The morphological process of this word, when the suffix '-al' is attached to the base 'suicide'.After the suffix is added, there is a change in the meaning and part of the speech.Suicide is a noun, and suicide is an adjective.In data number 2, "stressful" is a derivational affix."Stressful" is the base of the word 'stress', a noun.Then the suffix '-ful' is added, the sentence changes its part of speech from a noun to an adjective.In data number 3, hormonal is another sample of noun to adjective.The word "hormonal" is a health term and a derivational suffix in the sentence above.The word consists of 'hormone' as a base, a noun, and a suffix '-al', which changes part of speech into an adjective.
The word is an adjective that turns into a noun because of the addition of the suffix (Table 5).In data number 1, there is the word insecurity.The morphological process of the word is adding the suffix '-ity' to the base 'insecure'.The word 'insecure' is a noun, and then the '-ity' suffix is added, which changes the part of speech from the noun to an adjective.There is a derivational suffix in data number 2, namely "anxiousness".Anxiousness has the suffix '-ness' and the 'anxious' as a base.After adding a suffix to the base, the word changes its part of speech from adjective to noun.
A suffix causes the word to become a noun and has a different meaning from the original word.It shows that the sentence "fitness" is included in the In data number 3, the word "epidemiologist" contains a derivational suffix because it changes the meaning of the word.Epidemiologist consists of the suffix '-ist' and the 'epidemiology' as a base.The word's part of speech does not change, but the meaning changes.It can be seen in data number 4 that there is a derivational word, namely "therapist".The word "therapist" has a base 'therapy' and a suffix '-ist'.Changes do not occur in the part of speech but in the meaning of the word itself.The next word in the news containing the health term and a derivational suffix is "nutritionist"."Nutritionist" is a derivational affix with a 'nutrition' as a base and a suffix '-ist'.Just like before, adding a suffix does not change the part of speech but changes the meaning of the word.

CONCLUSIONS
In 30 health news from CNN, seventy-eight words are included in the health term and contain derivational affixes.The 13 words are derivational prefixes, and the 63 words are derivational suffixes.The affixes included in derivational prefixes are dis-, un-, re-, non-, and in-.The most common prefix found is dis-with five words.Then prefix un-and in-in which each prefix has three words.Prefix re-is two words, and the last is the prefix found at least is non-with one word.In derivational prefix changes occur in the meaning of the words.
The derivational suffixes found were 65 words.The researcher will mention from the with the most suffixes to the fewest suffixes, namely -ion 14 words, -ist ten words, -ity eight words, -ness six words, -ly five words, -ing five words, -al five words, -ation four words, -ment two words, -ful two words,er one word, -ize one word, -ive one word and -ant one word.
From the ten types of changes described by Katamba, seven changes are found in the derivational suffix.There are verb to noun with 25 words, adjectives to nouns 14 words, noun to noun ten words, noun to adjective seven words, adjective to adverb five words, verb to adjective three words, and noun to verb one words.Meanwhile, in derivational prefix changes occur in the meaning of the words.
Derivational affixes clearly explain the status of the words on the news.The derivational suffix is more common than the derivational prefix because suffixes are applied for a wide range of interactions between form, meaning, and function.The study suggested a future study interested in derivational affixes can choose other objects such as songs, dramas, or speeches, or it could be a specific term as in this study.