Distribution of Micro Business Productive Assistance Program (BPUM) for MSMEs Affected by Covid-19 in Nagri Kidul Village

Seeing the sluggish condition of the MSME economy, several programs were introduced by the government, one of which was the Productive Assistance for Micro Enterprises (BPUM). This policy is contained in the Regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia number 6 of 2020 concerning BPUM and BPUM Implementation Guidelines number 98 of 2020. The distribution of the BPUM program is an activity carried out to assist micro business actors affected by COVID-19. This study aims to determine the distribution of the BPUM program in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic in Nagrikidul Village, Purwakarta District, Purwakarta Regency. The type of research used is qualitative with a case study approach that aims to reveal the distribution of the BPUM program. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Distribution of the BPUM Program In the distribution of the BPUM Program to recipients in Nagrikidul Village by all relevant agencies, where the list of recipients is determined by the Central Government. 2) Socio-Economic Impact The government issues a policy of limiting activities such as PSBB to PPKM level, which directly impacts the community's economy. So that it affects daily life, especially household income. Factors that affect the absence of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), Inaccurate data, and Limited authority.


Introduction
MSMEs are the most important pillars in the Indonesian economy. Based on data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs, the number of MSMEs currently reaches 64.2 million with a contribution to GDP of 61.07% or worth 8,573.89 trillion rupiah (Hardana & Damisa, 2022). The contribution of MSMEs to the Indonesian economy includes the ability to absorb 97% of the total workforce and can collect up to 60.4% of total investment (Putri, 2020). Purwakarta is one that has progress in the industrial sector, one of which is the Nagrikidul Urban Village. The rapid development of industry in this area encourages the growth of MSMEs to mushroom all trade locations. Even so, this area is also affected by the policy of limiting the spread of COVID-19 which has made MSMEs in this area sluggish, the impact has made the turnover of MSMEs which are culinary centers decrease drastically.
Central Bureau of Statistics data shows, after the economic crisis in 1997-1998 the number of MSMEs did not decrease, instead it continued to increase, even being able to absorb 85 million to 107 million workers until 2012 (Putra, 2016 to give a larger portion to micro, small and medium scale businesses (Suci, 2017). The government and the legislature have proven their concern for MSMEs by launching Law no. 20 of 2008 concerning SMEs. With the regulations that become the legal umbrella, the Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business -UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung movement of MSMEs becomes more flexible. Classic problems such as access to capital to financial institutions are beginning to be resolved. Because in the regulation it is stated about the expansion of funding and facilitation by banks and non-bank financial service institutions. Banks have also begun to aggressively channel loans to MSMEs. The MSME business is no longer seen as a second-class business. Evidently, lending to the MSME sector is slowly growing.  (Pangestika, 2020). The PBI mandates banks to provide a credit portion of at least 5% to MSMEs from the total credit or financing disbursed. Even in 2018 the ratio of credit or financing to MSMEs was set at the lowest 20% of total credit or financing. Then in terms of quality, banking players must understand the MSME business profile more deeply so that credit distribution is right on target and produces good and smooth quality loans.
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in the economy in Indonesia (Permana, 2017 MSMEs are explained as: "A company classified as MSME is a small company owned and operated by managed by a person or owned by a small group of people with a certain amount of wealth and income." On a macro level, the MSME business needs to be developed because economic growth requires investment support. In conditions of limited investment, investment needs to be directed at efforts to develop new entrepreneurs, which many appear at the MSME level. The MSME business is also able to absorb a very large workforce, more than 90% (Ponirah et al., 2021).
With the increase in the GDP of micro and small businesses, it is hoped that at the same time it can grow the income per capita of low-income groups so that it can reduce poverty. MSMEs are generally based on local economic resources and do not depend on imports, and the results can be exported (Arianto, 2011 The research method used in this research is qualitative. This research is included in the type of descriptive research (Sugiono, 2015). Qualitative research methods are easier to adapt to field conditions, more sensitive to changes in patterns/values and even data in the field. Creswell further explained that this qualitative research process involves important efforts, such as asking questions and procedures, collecting specific data from participants, analyzing data inductively starting from specific themes to general themes, and interpret the meaning of the data. The focus of this study aims to determine the mechanisms and procedures in implementing BPUM in Nagri Kidul Village, then in this study the author uses data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, and documentation as well as analysis using data analysis according to Miles and Huberman which consists of three flows, namely data reduction. , Data Presentation, and Conclusion Drawing and Verification.

Trading
Trading is the activity of reselling (without technical changes) new and used goods (Shalmont et al., 2021 Trading business is a business that is mostly carried out by new business actors to start entrepreneurship and business turnover is very dependent on the type of merchandise traded and the type of sale, so it is necessary to pay attention to cash flow and distribution by paying attention to which merchandise sells quickly and easily. slow (Banjarnahor et al., 2022). For example for a retail business, for merchandise that sells quickly, the stock of goods can be increased. On the other hand, if the sale is slow, the stock of goods is reduced by shopping at retail to distributors/agents. This business turnover is carried out on a daily, weekly or monthly basis depending on the type of goods traded (Ridwan et al., 2022). Likewise for other trading businesses such as dealer businesses, the turnover is almost the same.
The thing to note is that it is necessary to seek information first from the agent/distributor whether the item is selling well because if the agent/distributor sells the item quickly, it means that the item is sought after by many buyers and can also be seen by watching advertisements on television or can also be asked to the buyer. Have you ever tried this item? Trading business has a simple cash flow pattern that starts from purchasing merchandise from distributors directly or through agents, and operating costs of the Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business -UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung business. At the beginning of the business, cash outflows are used for investment and working capital needs, these funds can come from own capital or borrow from banks.
While cash inflows are obtained from the sale of merchandise.
In managing cash flow, it really depends on how many/types of goods are sold and the number of buyers. Along with the increase in customers and the number of goods sold, over time the turnover is increasing and the turnover of capital is getting faster. Business actors must carefully determine which items to buy or which can be purchased on another day, and preferably in cash transactions (Abid, 2021). Avoid selling goods on credit except to regular buyers whose loyalty levels have been proven, prioritize and set aside some of the business turnover that is used to develop the business or be rotated again so that the business grows because there is a choice of goods that can be sold.  (Wardiningsih et al., 2021).

Distribution
Distribution can be interpreted as a marketing activity that seeks to facilitate and facilitate the delivery of goods and services from producers to consumers, so that their use is in accordance with what is needed (type, price, place and time needed) (Fadli et al. ., 2014). distribution activities are closely related to the role of distributors. In this case, distributors have an important role to play. a) Distributors must bear the risk of both damage and depreciation of goods, b) Purchase goods and services from producers, c) Classify goods according to type, size, and quality before resale, and d) Introduce goods or Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business -UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung services to consumers. consumers who use multiple media The importance of distribution in marketing cannot be overstated. This is because without a distributor, producers sometimes cannot reach their customers directly (Suryanto & SE, 2016).

Direct Distribution
The short run distribution can be defined by this distribution definition. The word describes a method of shipping goods that does not rely on traditional distribution methods. Consider a farmer who sells his produce to the community directly. The advantage of this method is that goods can reach consumers at a lower cost. This is undoubtedly more profitable than relying on distributors. Furthermore, companies can directly detect changes in consumer preferences. Furthermore, without intermediaries, goods can be distributed more quickly to consumers.

Indirect distribution
Long run distribution is another term for it. Distribution of commodities through third parties or intermediaries is this business. Brokers, agents, shops, and retailers are examples. The advantage of this arrangement is that distributors can bridge the gap between the desires of producers and customers. In addition, goods can reach consumers even if they are far away. Finally, the advantage is that prices are always consistent.

Semi direct distribution
This system emphasizes the use of intermediaries to supply commodities to customers. Manufacturers, on the other hand, have intermediaries under this arrangement. There are many benefits that can be obtained by using this method.
Manufacturers in particular can get funds from distributors to put in their own pockets. In order to assist and maintain the business continuity of micro-enterprises facing pressures due to COVID-19, the government provides Assistance for Micro-Entrepreneurs (BPUM), Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business -UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung also known as the Banpres for Productive Micro-businesses, which was launched by the President of the Republic of Indonesia on July 14, 2020 by providing symbolic assistance.
for a number of micro-enterprises at the State Palace. This program is expected to provide working capital assistance for micro-enterprises.
The assistance provided by the Ministry of Cooperatives and MSMEs is a government effort to take part in the problems being faced. Productive assistance for micro enterprises (BPUM) is one example. In the aid distribution mechanism, BPUM is guided by the

Regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives (Permenkop) for Small and Medium Enterprises
no. 6 year 2020.
In the Regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives Number 6 of 2020 it is also stated that the Phase 1 BPUM program is given once in cash in the amount of IDR 2.4 million per micro business actor with certain criteria. While in phase 2, it is only IDR 1.2 million per micro business actor for 3 million recipients until September 2021. The assistance that is channeled directly to the account of the BPUM recipient is considered a grant fund. The contract applied in this assistance is a grant. This has an impact on aid recipients who are not required to return the funds that have been distributed. Grants in the context of Permenkop-UKM No. 6 of 2020 are present in the form of government assistance provided to micro-enterprises. In the view of mu'amalah fiqh, a gift is a contract whose object is in the form of giving property by someone to another during his lifetime without any reward.
Based on this definition, grants do not allow for the expectation of a reward The Qur'an prescribes the act of giving in Q.S. al-Ba-qarah verse 177: Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business -UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung "...and give his beloved property to his relatives, orphans, the poor, those who are on the way (travelers), beggars, and to free slaves, those who pray and pay zakat, those who -those who keep their promises when they promise, and those who are patient in poverty, suffering and in times of war. They are the righteous, and they are the pious." The recipients of BPUM assistance are micro-enterprises, including home-based micro-enterprises and businesses operating in the informal sector. In particular, microenterprises that are not taking advantage of access to credit from banks for capital, are not legal entities, have not become taxpayers, and are not engaged in industry.
Based on this phenomenon, researchers are interested in studying how the implementation of this BPUM program in Nagri Kidul Village, Purwakarta District, uses the Edward III policy implementation theory approach which consists of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure.
Broadly speaking, distribution can be interpreted as a marketing activity that seeks to facilitate and facilitate the delivery of goods and services from producers to consumers, so that their use is in accordance with what is needed (type, price, place and time needed).
Based on the definition above, it can be seen that there are several important elements, namely (Suryanto & SE, 2017): 1. Distribution channel is a group of institutions that exist among various institutions that cooperate to achieve a goal.

2.
The purpose of distribution channels is to reach specific markets. Thus the market is the goal of channel activities. Statement of Absolute Responsibility (SPTJM) is a statement regarding the truth of the business actor's information as part of the process of obtaining BPUM, the business actor fills out the form truthfully and is proven with a stamp as the legality of the letter.

Inaccurate Data
In the distribution of BPUM to communities affected by COVID-19, one of which is the inaccuracy of data on the recipients of assistance, this can be seen where in the Nagrikidul Village in its distribution many people question the names of those who receive assistance.
So that this is due to the fact that in the field, many recipient communities who have good economic capacity have received Covid-19 assistance, while on the other hand there are people who should be eligible to receive assistance but are not given because the distribution of the assistance is based on the names of the recipients who have been determined. by the Central Government.

Limited Authority
In addition to the inaccuracy of the available data, one of the obstacles in the distribution of COVID-19 assistance is the lack of authority given to the Regional Government, especially the Village Government. Where so far the involvement of the Village Government in the distribution of BPUM is limited to distributing a list of names of people who have been proposed by RT/RW without knowing who the recipients of the assistance are, so it is difficult to evaluate the existence of the BPUM program.
Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business -UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Conclusion
The local government seeks to socialize the BPUM Program in Nagrikidul Village as a first step in providing understanding and distribution of the BPUM program to MSME actors even though the socialization is not carried out massively. still some who receive aid funds but do not use the funds properly so that there is no change in their business. And there are still people who do not feel the benefits because they do not receive assistance. For the implementation of the program or the implementation of BPUM in Nagrikidul, it has been going well, but it must again involve the government from the village and sub-district so that problems that occur in distribution and recipient data can be accounted for by the government. For BPUM Recipients, they should be able to use aid funds properly, namely as business capital to develop their business in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic so that changes or impacts from the implementation of the assistance program for micro business actors can be reflected.