Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas (e-ISSN: 2775-4596) is an open-access journal and peer-reviewed scientific works, both theoretically and practically, in the studies of religions and spirituality in various parts of the world. JIS encompasses studies of religious doctrines, rituals, and spiritual experiences worldwide, integrating perspectives from anthropology, sociology, psychology, history, philosophy, law, education, economics, literature, and cultural studies. The journal's audience comprises educated readers and researchers from universities and higher education institutions, policymakers, administrators, and other interested parties. The Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas (JIS) has been published four times a year since 2021 by the Master Program of Religious Studies at the UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia. The journal has received a Sinta 3 ranking for the Indonesian nation, as per the Decree of the Director General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education and Culture, Number 177/E/KPT/2024.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
AI as Spiritual Teacher: Reinterpreting Religious Authority through Connolly's Phenomenological-Hermeneutic Lens
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has given rise to new dynamics in religious practices and discourse: from interpretation chatbots, automated fatwa applications, to robotics-based representations of religious figures. This article proposes a conceptual reading of this phenomenon using a phenomenological-hermeneutic lens as recommended by Peter Connolly. This research aims to conceptually examine how AI transforms religious experience and authority, and how phenomenological and hermeneutic approaches can be used to understand technologically mediated religious experiences. Rather than assessing the authority of AI normatively or reducing it to a mere social product, this study positions technologically mediated religious experiences as meaningful objects, which also need to be understood from within (phenomenology) and interpreted as new symbolic texts (hermeneutics). The analysis is conducted through a critical reading of interdisciplinary literature on religion, media, and artificial intelligence, with reference to Peter Connolly's phenomenological-hermeneutic ideas on religious experience and the process of symbolic meaning. The results of this study indicate that AI has the potential to function as a new hermeneutic space, not as an absolute substitute for spiritual teachers, but as a relational arena where authority, meaning, and transcendental experience are renegotiated. In this space, the presence of technology expands the horizons of human religious experience, while simultaneously demanding a rereading of legitimacy, awareness, and moral responsibility in digital religious practices. This article concludes with epistemological implications for contemporary religious studies and ethical considerations regarding the limits of digital authority. The study's primary contribution is the development of a theoretical framework for a reflective reading of digital spirituality, one that maintains a balance between the depth of religious experience and a critique of technological commodification.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tukma Triputri Daulay, Dody S. Truna, Raden Roro Sri Rejeki Waluyajati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Religion as Development Capital: A Discourse Analysis of State Construction in the Cikande Halal Industrial Zone Project
This study examines how the Government of Banten Province constructs and deploys halal discourse in the Cikande Halal Industrial Zone (KIHC) through official press releases, social media content, and promotional materials produced between 2019 and 2024. The research focuses on key concepts such as the commodification of religion, state hegemony, and the political economy of the halal sector. Using Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, the study investigates linguistic strategies at the textual level, the mechanisms of production and circulation at the discursive practice level, and the broader power relations at the social practice level. The object of analysis includes institutional texts officially issued by the provincial government regarding KIHC. The findings reveal that the state systematically mobilizes religious lexicon and metaphors—such as “halal,” “syariah,” and “qibla”—to naturalize the fusion of religious morality and economic development agendas. The main challenge of the research is its exclusive reliance on state-produced narratives, which limits the ability to capture contesting voices. The study recommends greater public scrutiny of halal policy discourse and a more inclusive approach to community engagement in halal industrial development. In practice, this research demonstrates how religious language can serve as a tool for political and economic legitimation. This study advances the literature on the commodification of religion and the halal political economy by showing that halal discourse functions as a form of governmentality, merging moral authority with market logic to shape new forms of Muslim subjectivity within Islamic capitalism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ikhsan Ahmad, Rohmanur Aziz, Yusuf Zainal Abidin, Aep Kusnawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implications of Constitutional Court Decision Number 78/PUU-XXI/2023 on Hoax Law Enforcement in Indonesia in Relation to Article 263 of Law Number 1 of 2023
Constitutional Court Decision Number 78/PUU-XXI/2023 declared Articles 14 and 15 of Law Number 1 of 1946 contrary to the 1945 Constitution and legally non-binding, creating a fundamental legal vacuum (rechtsvacuum) in hoax law enforcement in Indonesia. This normative juridical research, employing statutory and case approaches, analyzes the applicability of Article 263 of the National Criminal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023) as a replacement norm and the multidimensional implications of the Decision on law enforcement. Theoretical frameworks include the Rule of Law (Rechtsstaat) doctrine of Julius Stahl and A.V. Dicey, Gustav Radbruch's Legal Certainty Theory (Rechtssicherheit, Gerechtigkeit, Zweckmäßigkeit), Legal Interpretation Theory (grammatical, systematic, teleological, and constitutional methods), Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal System Theory, and Soerjono Soekanto's five law enforcement factors. The research finds that Article 263 substantially satisfies the lex certa standard required by the Court by explicitly requiring mens rea elements—dolus ("knowingly") and culpa ("reasonably suspected")—along with a tangible harm element of "social unrest," thereby overcoming the three unconstitutional characteristics of the invalidated norm: definitional vagueness, susceptibility to multiple interpretations, and the absence of explicit mens rea. The Decision carries implications across three dimensions: (1) legal substance—elimination of vague "rubber article" norms; (2) legal structure—a paradigm shift from total enforcement to selective full enforcement requiring proof of mens rea; and (3) legal culture—a demand for transformation from forward culture to verification culture. This research recommends drafting implementing regulations to operationally define "social unrest," synchronizing the Court's constitutional interpretation into technical law enforcement guidelines, and strengthening non-criminal mechanisms inspired by Germany's NetzDG as complementary approaches.
Copyright (c) 2026 Reyraya Respati Paramudhita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Rethinking the Religious Turn in International Development and Global Governance: A Critical Review of Gerard Clarke
Since the post-World War II era, international development has been dominated by a modernization paradigm grounded in secular rationality, positioning it as a technocratic, growth-oriented project that neglects the religious dimension. However, global dynamics indicate a revitalization of religion in the public sphere (deprivatization), which has triggered a post-secular turn and demands the integration of religious values into development. Religion, in the context of the Global South, has proven to be an important framework for understanding poverty and social practices, as well as a source of legitimacy and moral capital. This article critically examines Gerard Clarke's work "Religion and International Development" using a critical literature review approach that combines theories of secularization, post-secularism, and capability approaches. The findings indicate that religious integration reconfigures understandings of development actors and global governance through the strategic role of faith-based organizations. However, this engagement also carries the risk of exclusion and the politicization of identity. This article argues that the religious turn reflects an epistemological shift toward a post-secular development paradigm, where religion is understood as part of normative negotiations in global governance. Therefore, an inclusive, contextually grounded interdisciplinary approach is needed to manage the relationships among religion, the state, and the market in contemporary global development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Neirna Yayah Daryati, Mohammad Taufiq Rahman, Asep Abdul Sahid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah Review of Government Policy on the Free Nutritional Meal Program (MBG): A Comparative Study in Uṣūl al-Fiqh
This study examines the alignment of Indonesia’s Free Nutritious Meals (MBG) policy with the principles of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah through a normative juridical and comparative uṣūl al-fiqh approach. Focusing on hifẓ al-nafs and hifẓ al-māl, it finds that although MBG supports the preservation of life, its technocratic implementation has yet to embody maqāṣid values comprehensively, particularly regarding distributive justice, prioritization of benefits across ḍarūriyyāt, ḥājiyyāt, and taḥsīniyyāt, and long-term social welfare. The study highlights gaps such as unequal distribution, budget constraints, and weak monitoring, and argues for more adaptive, welfare-oriented policy formulation that integrates both classical emphases on basic needs and contemporary concerns for structural justice and sustainable welfare.
Copyright (c) 2026 Neng Yani Nurhayani, RR. Rita Erawati , Erika Rishan Adillah, Ending Solehudin, Syahrul Anwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strengthening Child Mental Health Through Family-Centered Islamic Religious Education
This study examines how family-based Islamic religious education supports children’s mental health amid modern social pressures such as digital exposure, academic stress, and changing values. Using a qualitative literature review and thematic analysis of national and international sources, the research shows parents centralize psychological well-being by transmitting faith (aqidah), worship (ibadah), moral values (akhlaq), and compassionate parenting. These practices foster emotional regulation, self-confidence, coping skills, empathy, gratitude, resilience, and secure parent–child attachment, reducing anxiety and other difficulties. The study frames family Islamic education as both moral-spiritual formation and a protective factor for children’s mental health, offering a conceptual basis for family-centered strategies that integrate psychological and spiritual care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deitra Vania Adellya Phasya, Purwidianto Purwidianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Economic Behavior of Muslim Farmers' Trade Madzhab Shafi'i in the Perspective of Legal Sociology
This study examines the practice of crop trading among Muslim farmers in Cikondang Village, Cianjur, through the lens of Imam Shafi’i’s jurisprudence. Using qualitative methods, sociological observation, interviews, and content analysis, it finds that farmers’ knowledge of Shafi’i legal rulings is limited, but their trading practices generally align with Shafi’i views, including those found in Fath al-Qarib. The study concludes that crop-sale traditions among these farmers function as customary social norms consistent with Islamic law.
Copyright (c) 2026 Beni Ahmad Saebani, Syamsul Falah, Titing Oting Supartini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Synergy of Hamka's Thought in Tafsir Al-Azhar with the Profile of Pancasila Students
This study aims to analyze the epistemological convergence and construct a non-dichotomous synergy model between Buya Hamka's thought on character education in Tafsir Al-Azhar and the six dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile within the Merdeka Curriculum. The key concepts revolve around adabi ijtima'i exegesis, tawhidic unity, and the re-conceptualization of civic virtues as expressions of transcendental devotion. Utilizing a qualitative library research design combined with hermeneutic interpretive techniques (systematic, linguistic, teleological, and philosophical) and comparative analysis, the research rigorously examines the thirty-volume primary corpus of Tafsir Al-Azhar alongside national curriculum policy documents. The main findings reveal that all six dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile—faith and piety, global diversity, mutual cooperation, independence, critical reasoning, and creativity—possess profound theological grounding in Hamka's exegesis, where tawhid serves as the ultimate metaphysical anchor directing modern 21st-century competencies. The primary methodological challenge involved bridging the gap between classical exegetical discourse and contemporary technocratic policy frameworks without diluting spiritual depth. The practical implications offer strategic guidance for policymakers, curriculum designers, and educators to operationalize a character education model that is deeply rooted in indigenous religious scholarship yet responsive to global disruptions. This research contributes an innovative, non-dichotomous theoretical architecture for character education that bridges the historical divide between religious ethics and national civic schooling in Indonesia by revitalizing local exegetical heritage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maftuhah Husnaeni, Muhammad Rafiiy, Fikri Hamdani, Darlis Darlis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Critical Thinking in the Age of Technology from the Perspective of the Qur'an: A Study of Thematic Interpretation
The development of digital technology has significantly altered how humans access, process, and evaluate information, reshaping reflection and critical evaluation in modern life. This study examines the concept of critical thinking from a Qur'anic perspective through a thematic (maudhu'i) interpretation approach, focusing on tafakkur and its relevance in the digital era. Using a qualitative library research method, data was analyzed through Peter A. Facione's critical thinking framework, encompassing interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, and self-regulation as analytical instruments to read the structure of tafakkur. The results indicate that tafakkur reflects a holistic critical thinking structure that integrates cognitive, spiritual, and epistemological dimensions. Furthermore, the reconstruction of human-machine cognitive relations requires not only modern critical thinking structures but also ethical Qur'anic values. Three primary pillars were identified (mujahadah, tabayyun, and amanah) which function as epistemic and ethical mechanisms to regulate human dependence on technology, ensuring cognitive and spiritual responsibility. Additionally, the Qur'anic concept of taskhir serves as a normative foundation positioning artificial intelligence as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for human intellectual capacity. Thus, this study concludes that integrating tafakkur, Facione’s theory, and the principles of mujahadah, tabayyun, and amanah establishes a new conceptual framework for understanding Qur'anic critical thinking epistemology in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Amanah Istiqamah, Tamrin Tamrin , Kamridah Kamridah , Gasim Yamani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Aspects of Automatic Equipment in Medical Laboratories
The advancement of technology in medical laboratory equipment has created legal challenges due to regulatory lag. Errors arising from the use of such technology may jeopardize patient safety, given the vital role of laboratory test results in diagnostic accuracy. According to ISO 15189:2022, laboratories are required to implement a series of procedures, ranging from equipment selection to the termination of its operation, as part of quality assurance efforts. Errors within these processes may lead to equipment malfunction and trigger medical disputes. Since the equipment itself is inanimate, legal responsibility lies with the individual or legal entity managing the laboratory. This retrospective normative legal study collects primary and secondary legal materials along with their legal subjects, analyzed through qualitative descriptive methods to assess the legal dimensions in reference to the principles of justice, the legal theories of lex naturalis and lex aeterna, as well as Montesquieu’s concept of law. In principle, the comparative analysis between the legal framework and these legal concepts reveals a consistent alignment. The legal perspective on automated laboratory equipment thus reflects the underlying principles, theories, and legal concepts applied.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adi Darma Aprianda, Mochamad Subhan, Arman Lany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Government Regulation Number 53 of 2010 in Addressing the Practice of Extortion in Detention Centers
This study examines the implementation of Government Regulation Number 53 of 2010 concerning Civil Servant Discipline as a measure to combat the practice of illicit levies (*pungli*) in detention centers. The phenomenon of illicit levies within the correctional system reveals a gap between legal norms and actual practice, characterized by weak internal oversight, inconsistent sanctioning, and a culture among Civil Servants (ASN) that tolerates such practices. The study employs a normative-juridical approach supported by empirical data. The analysis utilizes the concept of the rule of law and Friedman’s theory of law enforcement, which emphasizes the importance of legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture. The findings indicate that weaknesses in these three aspects are the primary factors fueling the prevalence of illicit levies. Proposed recommendations include strengthening information technology-based internal and external oversight, enforcing strict and consistent disciplinary sanctions, fostering Civil Servant integrity through anti-corruption education, and enhancing public participation in oversight. Implementing these recommendations is expected to minimize illicit levy practices, thereby better upholding Civil Servant integrity and rule-of-law principles within the correctional system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agung Novarianto, Ahmad Ma’mun Fikri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reconstruction of Constitutional Limits on Law Enforcement Officers' Discretion in Maintaining State Security and Civil Supremacy
This study reconstructs the constitutional boundaries of law enforcement discretion in Indonesia to balance national security, civilian supremacy, and citizens' constitutional rights. Employing a normative-juridical method alongside statutory and conceptual approaches, the study analyzes the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 2 of 2002 on the Indonesian National Police, Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration, relevant court rulings, and contemporary legal doctrine. The findings reveal normative ambiguities within sectoral regulations that create accountability gaps and open opportunities for the abuse of authority. To address these weaknesses, the study proposes the "Constitutionalization of Operational Discretion"—a framework that subjects discretion to the rule of law, the General Principles of Good Governance (AAUPB), proportionality tests, judicial oversight, standardized rules of engagement, post-action digital reporting, independent supervision, state liability, and financial recovery mechanisms targeting officials who abuse their authority. This framework contributes to the development of constitutional and administrative law by establishing enforceable standards for individual operational conduct and fostering democratic, transparent, proportionate, and human rights-oriented security sector governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asep Sapsudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Enforcement of Discipline in the Medical Profession: A Normative Review of the Violation Provisions in Minister of Health Regulation No. 3 of 2025 and the Principles of Professionalism in Law No. 17 of 2023
Physicians are required to uphold professionalism through integrity, effective communication, and respect for patients. In practice, however, breaches of medical discipline remain frequent, exacerbated by weak oversight and a limited understanding among healthcare professionals regarding ethical, disciplinary, and legal violations. This study aims to conduct a normative review of the enforcement of medical professional discipline based on Minister of Health Regulation Number 3 of 2025 and Law Number 17 of 2023. Employing a qualitative approach and a normative-juridical method, the study examines these two regulations as primary legal sources. Legal interpretation reveals that Law Number 17 of 2023 establishes a robust normative framework through the creation of disciplinary boards and dispute resolution mechanisms, while Minister of Health Regulation Number 3 of 2025 provides technical specifications regarding types of violations and their corresponding proportional sanctions. Although these regulations complement one another, their effectiveness warrants further examination regarding regulatory synchronization and the performance of the disciplinary boards.
Copyright (c) 2026 Angkasa Ramatuan Hamdan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of ICOM in Islamic Postcolonial Museology in Malaysia: A Critical Analysis and Reconstruction of a Sovereign Epistemology
This article examines the role of the International Council of Museums (ICOM) in the development of Islamic and postcolonial museology in Malaysia. The study adopts a qualitative approach based on document and literature analysis to investigate the relationship between global museological standards and local contexts shaped by historical, cultural, and religious dimensions. The findings indicate that although ICOM provides a fundamental framework for museum professionalism, effective heritage management requires an integrative approach that bridges the materiality of artefacts with their meanings, functions, and underlying worldviews. The experiences of institutions such as the Pahang State Museum and the Sultan Abdullah Mosque Museum demonstrate that context-based and locally grounded narratives significantly enhance public understanding of history, identity, and civilizational continuity. This study contributes to the development of an integrative museological framework that synthesizes global standards, postcolonial critique, and Islamic epistemology, thereby enabling a more holistic and contextually grounded interpretation of cultural heritage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Halim Ab Halim Bin Ismail, Ariyanti Binti Mustapha, Rushdi Bin Ramli, Rahimin Affandi Bin Abdul Rahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Islamic Perspective on Project-Based Learning in Islamic Religious Education
Amid globalization and evolving educational paradigms, innovative learning models integrating Islamic values are increasingly essential, particularly in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). This study aims to: (1) examine Project-Based Learning (PjBL) characteristics from an Islamic perspective, (2) analyze PjBL syntax regarding Islamic education principles, and (3) formulate implementation strategies in PAI. Employing a qualitative library research method, the study analyzes books, scientific articles, journals, and previous research. Results indicate that PjBL aligns closely with Islamic educational values by engaging students actively, encouraging collaboration, fostering deliberation, promoting responsibility (amanah), and producing beneficial work as good deeds. These elements reflect the Islamic tradition's balance among knowledge mastery, practical application, and spiritual formation. Furthermore, every PjBL syntax stage—from planning and execution to evaluation—mirrors Islamic educational principles. Applying PjBL enhances academic achievement while strengthening character, social attitudes, and spiritual values, offering an effective, meaningful, and relevant alternative for modern education's challenges. These findings provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers developing innovative, value-based PAI curricula.
Copyright (c) 2026 Faiz Muhammad Ridlo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Halal Investment: A Study of the Islamic Economy and Prophetic Media
Amid economic challenges such as social inequality, inflation, and national debt, society increasingly requires an economic system grounded in moral and spiritual values rather than in financial gain alone. Islamic economics offers solutions through maqasid sharia, specifically wealth protection (hifdz al-mal) and just distribution of resources, while rejecting usury (riba), exploitation, and excessive uncertainty (gharar) to achieve shared prosperity. Digital technology has transformed the dissemination of Islamic economic values, shifting education from conventional religious forums to platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube. Concise, visual, and accessible content reaches the younger generation, particularly Gen Z, through microlearning and supportive social media algorithms, expanding financial literacy. This study analyzes digital da'wah media's role in enhancing understanding and implementing halal investment. It examines educational content published by institutions such as the Financial Services Authority (OJK), Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI), and the IDX Islamic Exchange, as well as Muslim creators promoting literacy. Focusing on themes such as halal business, hifdz al-mal, and social justice, the study identifies digital media's contribution to connecting Islamic economic principles with investment practices, raising awareness of usury dangers, encouraging Islamic financial instruments, and exploring synergies between da'wah and economics to build a sustainable financial ecosystem. Results indicate that digital da'wah media serves as a strategic tool to encourage Islamic values in everyday financial decisions, strengthening a halal investment culture in society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Zamroni, Siti Marlida, Nurjaman Nurjaman, Yusuf Zaenal Abidin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Islamic Epistemology from Al-Buti’s Perspective: Criticism of Positivism in the Preface to the Book of Kubra al Yaqiniyyat al Kawniyyah
This research is motivated by the hegemony of Western materialistic positivist epistemology, which reduces science to the empirical realm, triggers an epistemological crisis, and delegitimizes metaphysical truths. The study addresses how Shaykh M. Said Ramadhan Al-Buti’s Islamic epistemology critiques materialistic positivism and evaluates its methodology as an effective antithesis. The objectives are to analyze Al-Buti’s manhaj ilmi, evaluate his critique of positivism, assess its methodological effectiveness, and outline its implications for contemporary Islamic theology in counteracting atheism. The framework relies on Al-Buti’s integrative epistemology, synergizing the senses (al-hiss), reason (al-’aql), and valid news (al-khabar al-sadiq) to achieve certainty (al-yaqin). Employing a qualitative literature study with philosophical-epistemological, historical-sociological, and dialectical-critical approaches, the primary data source is the Preamble of Kubra al-Yaqiniyyat al-Kawniyyah, supported by secondary literature on science philosophy. Data collected via critical reading and proposition extraction were analyzed using descriptive-analytical, comparative, and dialectical-critical methods. Results demonstrate that Al-Buti’s manhaj ilmi rejects the reason-revelation dichotomy by establishing proportional standards of proof based on the object’s nature (empirical for physical matter; analytical-transmissive for metaphysics). His critique successfully falsifies positivism by exposing internal contradictions within its verification principles and taxonomic reductions. Critical reflection reveals that despite suspending qiyas mantiqi, Al-Buti’s methodology remains a highly effective counter to modern positivism. Its implications offer a philosophical resolution refuting scientism and establishing a sound argumentative foundation for faith education. In conclusion, Islamic theology possesses an independent, objective scientific methodology that dismantles Western positivism's monopoly on truth while restoring the authority of revelation and reason.
Copyright (c) 2026 Subadar Subadar, Neng Hannah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Patient Data Protection in Telemedicine Services in Indonesia: A Juridical-Normative Review and Literature Study
The digital transformation of Indonesia's healthcare sector through telemedicine presents significant challenges regarding patient data protection. Despite the existence of a legal framework—including Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health, Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, and Minister of Health Regulation No. 20 of 2019—the practical implementation of patient data protection remains ineffective. This study aims to conduct a normative-juridical analysis of patient data protection in Indonesian telemedicine by examining the prevailing regulatory framework and implementation obstacles. The research methodology combines a literature review with a normative-juridical approach and a comparative analysis of international standards, such as GDPR and HIPAA. The findings indicate that while Indonesian regulations have adopted fundamental data protection principles, there are significant weaknesses in oversight, the application of technical security standards, and the enforcement of sanctions. Major data breach incidents—such as the e-HAC and BPJS data leaks—underscore the lack of effective oversight and protection. Institutional, technical, legal-cultural, and bureaucratic hurdles are the primary factors contributing to this ineffectiveness. The study recommends establishing an independent supervisory body, mandating data breach notifications, implementing minimum security standards, enhancing legal literacy, and strictly enforcing sanctions to ensure sustainable and trustworthy patient data protection in telemedicine services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Danny Aguswahyudy Jeremy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Review of KRIS Implementation under Presidential Decree No. 59 of 2024 (amending Presidential Decree No. 82 of 2018 on Health Insurance) and Law No. 40 of 2004 on the National Social Security System
This study stems from concerns regarding normative changes to inpatient care classifications introduced by Presidential Regulation No. 59 of 2024—which reforms Presidential Regulation No. 82/2018—within the framework of Law No. 40 of 2004 on the National Social Security System (SJSN). It focuses on assessing whether the Standard Inpatient Class (KRIS) aligns, both legally and operationally, with the principles of equity and sustainability underpinning the National Health Insurance (JKN) scheme. The research aims to (1) map and interpret the KRIS regulations set forth in Presidential Regulation 59/2024 and (2) evaluate the alignment of KRIS implementation with SJSN principles. A normative legal research (doctrinal legal research) methodology was employed, utilizing statutory, legal-hermeneutic, and vertical-horizontal harmonization analysis approaches, alongside qualitative content analysis of legal and policy documents (2015–2025). The findings indicate that, doctrinally, Presidential Regulation 59/2024 establishes a legal framework coherent with SJSN objectives; however, substantive alignment depends on the finalization of implementing regulations, adjustments to tariffs and premiums, and hospital operational readiness. Data reveal inconsistencies in meeting the 12 KRIS criteria and a potential for service fragmentation arising from "top-up" mechanisms. The study concludes that while KRIS supports equity *de jure*, its achievement remains conditional *de facto*. Consequently, it recommends finalizing derivative regulations, adjusting financing structures, providing transition support for regional hospitals, and adopting an H-E-I (Law–Equity–Implementation) evaluative framework alongside further empirical study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diah Satyaningrum, Happy Yulia Anggraeni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Protection for Nurses Who Perform Medical Procedures Based on the Delegation of Doctor's Authority
This study examines the delegation of medical authority from physicians to nurses within the framework of Indonesian law. It is motivated by the prevalence of nurses performing medical procedures based on physicians' instructions, despite the lack of clearly defined legal regulations and standard operating procedures regarding such delegation. This situation creates ambiguity regarding the boundaries of liability between physicians and nurses. The study aims to: (1) examine legal regulations concerning the procedures, prerequisites, and forms of delegating medical authority from physicians to nurses; and (2) analyze the resulting legal consequences for both professions, particularly in instances of negligence or alleged malpractice. A normative juridical research method was employed, utilizing statutory and case analysis approaches. Data sources included various regulations—such as the Medical Practice Law, Health Law, Health Personnel Law, and Nursing Law, along with their implementing regulations—as well as academic literature. The findings indicate that Indonesian law regulates the delegation of authority through "mandate" and "delegation" mechanisms subject to specific requirements: delegation must be in writing, align with the nurse's competence, occur under physician supervision, and exclude strategic medical decision-making. Under a mandate, the physician retains legal liability, whereas under delegation, partial liability is transferred to the competent nurse. Legal implications may involve criminal, civil, or administrative liability. The Sidoarjo District Court Decision No. 1167/Pid.B/2010/PN.Sda illustrates the complexities involved when nurses perform duties based on physicians' instructions. The study underscores the necessity of legally compliant delegation—supported by supervision, documentation, clear SOPs, enhanced nursing competence, and adequate legal protection—to ensure that healthcare services remain safe and accountable.
Copyright (c) 2026 Emilia Saminoe Pantja Praboandini, Elvin Shon Jie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Urgency of Improving Teacher Professionalism in Islamic Education in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
This study aims to analyze the urgency of improving the professionalism of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in Indonesia in facing the challenges of the digital era and globalization, and to formulate a professional development model relevant to the needs of contemporary Islamic education. Using a library research approach with qualitative content analysis, this study examines primary and secondary literature from journals, books, policy documents, and research findings from the last ten years. The results indicate that the professionalism of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers must be developed holistically, encompassing the integration of pedagogical competencies, technological mastery, Islamic values, and active involvement in educational policy. The proposed professional development model, the Quadripartite Professionalism Framework, has been shown to improve digital literacy, reflective skills, and the effectiveness of Islamic values learning. The study's conclusions confirm that improving the professionalism of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers based on the integration of Islamic values and pedagogical innovation is crucial for building a generation of Muslims with character, critical thinking, and adaptability. This study provides strategic recommendations for the development of sustainable Islamic education policies and practices in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jaeni Dahlan, Ahmad Sukandar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Peer Support in Mediating the Effect of Self-Control on Students' Academic Procrastination
Academic procrastination is a persistent challenge in higher education because delaying academic tasks can interfere with learning progress, task completion, and the achievement of academic goals. This behavior is influenced by both individual and social factors. Self-control represents an important internal resource that enables students to regulate their behavior and academic priorities, while peer support may provide a social context that shapes how students manage academic demands. This study aims to examine the role of peer support in mediating the effect of self-control on students’ academic procrastination. A quantitative approach with an explanatory research design was employed, involving 206 students as respondents. Data were collected using instruments measuring self-control, peer support, and academic procrastination. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. The results showed that self-control had a significant relationship with academic procrastination (β = 0.519; p < 0.001). Self-control also had a significant relationship with peer support (β = 0.623; p < 0.001). In contrast, peer support did not have a significant direct effect on academic procrastination (β = 0.105; p = 0.078). However, the indirect effect of self-control on academic procrastination through peer support was significant (β = 0.323; p < 0.001). These findings indicate that peer support functions as a meaningful mediating mechanism in the relationship between self-control and academic procrastination, even though its direct effect is not statistically significant. The study highlights the importance of integrating individual self-regulation with supportive peer environments when developing strategies to reduce academic procrastination among university students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Dwinastiti, Yudistira Fauzy Indrawan, Amanah Surbakti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction as Predictors of Employees' Turnover Intentions at PT Japfa Tanjung Morawa
Employee turnover intention represents an important organizational issue because persistent intentions to leave may disrupt workforce stability, increase recruitment and training costs, and affect organizational performance. This study aims to examine the influence of organizational commitment and job satisfaction on employees’ turnover intentions at PT Japfa Tanjung Morawa. A quantitative research approach was employed, involving 70 employees as respondents. Data were collected using research scales measuring organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. The data were subsequently analyzed using multiple linear regression to assess both the simultaneous and partial effects of the independent variables on turnover intention. The findings indicate that organizational commitment and job satisfaction simultaneously have a significant effect on employees’ turnover intention, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.388, coefficient of determination R² = 0.150, and significance level of p = 0.005. This result indicates that the two predictors jointly explain 15.0% of the variance in turnover intention, while the remaining variation is attributable to other factors outside the model. Partially, organizational commitment has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention (β = −0.315; p = 0.008), demonstrating that stronger commitment is associated with a lower tendency among employees to consider leaving the organization. In contrast, job satisfaction has a negative but statistically insignificant effect on turnover intention (β = −0.161; p = 0.168). Further dimensional analysis reveals that normative commitment has the strongest negative association with turnover intention (r = −0.349; p = 0.003). Overall, the findings emphasize the strategic importance of strengthening organizational commitment, particularly normative commitment, as an effort to reduce employees’ turnover intentions at PT Japfa Tanjung Morawa.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asnanita BR Ginting https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Work-Life Balance, Social Support, and Work Stress in Explaining Early Childhood Teacher Job Satisfaction
Teacher job satisfaction is a critical factor in sustaining a positive work environment and supporting the quality of early childhood education. Beyond job characteristics, teachers’ satisfaction may be shaped by their ability to balance professional and personal demands, access supportive social resources, and manage work-related stress. This study aims to examine the relationships between work-life balance, social support, and job satisfaction among early childhood education teachers, while investigating the mediating role of job stress. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed involving 345 early childhood education teachers in Labuhanbatu Regency. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess both direct and indirect relationships among the variables. The results showed that work-life balance had a positive and significant relationship with job satisfaction (β = 0.328; t = 6.888; p < 0.001), while social support also had a positive and significant relationship with job satisfaction (β = 0.116; t = 2.141; p = 0.016). In contrast, job stress was negatively and significantly related to job satisfaction (β = −0.335; t = 7.661; p < 0.001). Work-life balance was negatively associated with job stress (β = −0.152; t = 2.733; p = 0.003), as was social support (β = −0.318; t = 7.022; p < 0.001). Furthermore, job stress significantly mediated the relationship between work-life balance and job satisfaction (β = 0.051; t = 2.449; p = 0.007) and between social support and job satisfaction (β = 0.107; t = 5.825; p < 0.001). These findings highlight the interconnected roles of work-life balance, social support, and job stress in shaping PAUD teachers’ job satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Furqon Hasanudin, Rahmi Lubis, Kaiman Turnip https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Self-Efficacy and Parenting Stress as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being in Parents of Young Children
Psychological well-being is a crucial aspect of the psychological functioning of parents with young children, as it relates to an individual's ability to accept themselves, build positive relationships, manage their environment, maintain life goals, and develop their potential. In fulfilling their parenting roles, parents face various demands that can increase parenting stress, whereas self-efficacy can serve as a psychological resource helping individuals cope with these demands. This study aimed to analyze the influence of parenting stress and self-efficacy on psychological well-being and to examine the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between parenting stress and psychological well-being among parents of young children. A quantitative approach was employed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) analysis. The results indicate that parenting stress has a significant negative effect on both psychological well-being (β = −0.273; p < 0.001) and self-efficacy (β = −0.363; p = 0.001). Conversely, self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on psychological well-being (β = 0.384; p = 0.001). Analysis of the indirect effect reveals that self-efficacy significantly mediates the relationship between parenting stress and psychological well-being (β = −0.139; p = 0.001). The research model explains 29.8% of the variance in psychological well-being. These findings demonstrate that the psychological well-being of parents with young children is linked not only to the level of parenting stress but also to their belief in their own ability to handle parenting demands. Therefore, strengthening self-efficacy and managing parenting stress should be addressed concurrently to support the psychological well-being of parents with young children.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nugroho Aji Heryanto, Suryani Hardjo, Nina Siti Salmaniah Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Job Stress, Organizational Culture, and Job Satisfaction of Civil Servants at the Rambung Binjai Community Health Center
Civil servant job satisfaction in healthcare facilities is influenced by various factors, including job demands and organizational environmental conditions. High job stress can reduce positive work experiences, while a supportive organizational culture can create a more conducive work environment. This study aims to analyze the influence of job stress and organizational culture on civil servant job satisfaction at the Rambung Binjai Community Health Center. The study used a quantitative approach with an explanatory design. The study population consisted of 60 civil servants and all were sampled through a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire with five response alternatives and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS Version 26.1. The results showed that job stress had a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction, with a regression coefficient of -0.42 and p = 0.002. Conversely, organizational culture had a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, with a regression coefficient of 0.51 and p < 0.001. The research model has an R² value of 0.60, indicating that job stress and organizational culture together can explain 60% of the variation in job satisfaction. These findings suggest that improving civil servant job satisfaction requires managing job demands, particularly workload and time pressure, and strengthening an organizational culture that supports collaboration, communication, and support among employees. This research implies that managing job satisfaction in healthcare organizations requires attention to the balance between job demands and organizational resources.
Copyright (c) 2026 Junwelly Hasahatan Sinaga, Siti Aisyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0