Mufidah Salmah, Afifah, and Mahbub Hefdzil Akbar. “From Straits Brokers to Javanese Werek: The Dynamics of Coolie Recruitment for the Deli Tobacco Plantations, East Sumatra, 1880–1915”. Jurnal Kawasan Sejarah 3, no. 2 (November 12, 2026): 144–157. Accessed November 13, 2026. https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/jks/article/view/60399.