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Personal Branding, Party Image, and Political Promotion as Determinants of Voter Decision-Making: The Mediating Effect of Voting Interest in Indonesia’s Local Elections
In 2024, Indonesia will hold general elections to choose legislative candidates at the central and regional levels. Kuningan Regency in West Java also held legislative candidate elections at the regency level. There's an interesting phenomenon where legislative council members consistently win seats in the two previous election cycles. In the context of political marketing, the candidate is the object that must be valuable to be chosen, making competition with a marketing approach interesting to study. To analyze this phenomenon, this research was conducted to determine the factors influencing voters' decisions in choosing legislative candidates for the Kuningan District DPRD. The focus of this research is the analysis of personal branding, party image, and promotions conducted by candidates, with voting interest as a mediating variable. Personal branding is the uniqueness built from a person's skills, experience, and personality, which can shape positive perceptions and a tendency to choose. Party image is related to the impression formed in the public's mind regarding political parties. Promotion is an effort made to introduce candidates to political marketing strategies thru media or public publication channels that are responsive to voters. The object of study is a legislative member from the PDIP party who has consistently won a legislative seat in the Kuningan District Council for two period. The respondents in this study were 200 people who are loyal voters for the candidate and are members and supporters of the PDIP party. The research method uses quantitative analysis with data collected using questionnaires and analyzed using SEM PLS. The research results show that all hypotheses are supported, all independent variables have a positive and significant effect on the decision to choose a candidate, and there is an Voting Interest that mediates the relationship between personal selling, party image, and promotion on the decision to choose. These results indicate that candidates who are consistent in their personal branding have a higher chance of being re-elected, supported by the party's image and promotions that generate strong voting interest and influence legislative candidate voting decisions. Practically, this research has implications for candidates, political parties, and policymakers. Candidates need to manage their personal branding not just for image, but to cultivate genuine interest in the eyes of voters. Political parties need to maintain a consistent image thru reputation, integrity, and tangible performance in order to generate public interest. Meanwhile, policymakers can leverage these insights to design political education strategies and campaign regulations that not only raise awareness but also encourage active voter interest in the democratic process.
Copyright (c) 2025 Intan Agustiani, Dikdik Harjadi, Dede Djuniardi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Preserving Legacy: The Impact of Royal Waqf on Cultural Heritage Conservation in Sumedang Larang
This article investigates the underexplored role of waqf in preserving cultural artifacts within the context of Indonesian waqf regulations, with a specific emphasis on royal waqfs. It examines the distinct contributions of royal waqfs to the preservation of cultural heritage. It offers a contextual analysis within the legal and historical boundaries of Indonesian waqf traditions. This article utilizes ethnography methods, which involve conducting extensive fieldwork consisting of in-depth interviews and direct observations at the Sumedang Larang Palace and the Prince of Sumedang Waqf's Nazir Foundation. These methodologies helped to achieve a detailed comprehension of the operating dynamics and conservation procedures of royal waqfs. This article emphasizes two crucial activities that are necessary for the protection of waqf assets: conservation and asset restoration. This indicates that these efforts are crucial for preserving the structural stability and cultural significance of historical artifacts that are handled under royal waqfs. The article also highlights the challenges and approaches required to combine traditional waqf principles with modern preservation requirements. This article enhances the overall discussion on cultural heritage management by suggesting a specific governance model designed for waqf institutions associated with royal families. This resource provides practical knowledge and frameworks that may be customized by waqf managers in different regions of Indonesia. Its goal is to improve the effectiveness of waqf in the protection of cultural heritage. This work is an important resource for policymakers, cultural heritage specialists, and waqf administrators who want to link waqf management with cultural conservation goals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yusep Rafiqi, Ari Farizal Rasyid, Agus Ahmad Nasrulloh, Iis Marwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Between Formal Independence and Substantive Empowerment: A Critical Assessment of P3MD Implementation in Kampar Regency, Indonesia
This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Village Development and Empowerment Program (P3MD) in Kampar Regency, Riau, with a particular focus on its effectiveness in realizing the ideal goals of the Independent Village policy. The research is important because, although the number of formally classified independent villages has increased significantly between 2015 and 2024, the substantive achievements of village self-reliance remain questionable. Employing a qualitative multi-case study design, six villages were purposively selected based on the Village Development Index (IDM). Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis, and validated using source triangulation. The findings reveal that P3MD implementation has not been efficient or effective, hindered by overlapping ministerial regulations, central government dominance, sectoral ego between institutions, and policies that lack contextual sensitivity. Additional obstacles include weak community participation, fragile village institutions, and limited administrative as well as human resource capacity. These results imply that a centralized regulatory framework and fragmented institutional arrangements undermine genuine empowerment and delay substantive village transformation. The originality of this study lies in its critical evaluation of the gap between the formal classification of independent villages and their actual capacity for autonomy, offering new insights for policy reform and village governance studies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muammar Alkadafi, Susanti Susanti, Sadu Wasistiono, Mani Festati Broto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Community Resistance to Femicide in West Java: Social Responses, Peace Actions, and Opposition to Violence against Women
This study analyzes how civil society communities in Indonesia—particularly in West Java and Yogyakarta—respond to and resist femicide as the most extreme form of gender-based violence. The research is driven by the growing prevalence of femicide and the absence of legal recognition of its structural and gendered nature in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative approach and a collective case study design, this study focuses on six grassroots organizations: Sekolah Damai Indonesia Bandung, Perspektif Sosiologi, Iteung Gugat, Youth, Interfaith and Peace (YIP) Center, Puan Hayati, and Srikandi Lintas Iman. Data were gathered through interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The findings reveal that these communities play critical roles not only in advocacy but also in psychosocial support, safe space formation, and the production of counter-narratives that confront patriarchal and symbolic violence. Functioning as cultural, political, and therapeutic agents, they fill the gaps left by institutional inaction. However, the study also highlights structural dysfunction: the burden of advocacy is disproportionately placed on these communities, while systemic failures in law, media, and education continue to normalize gender-based violence. Theoretically, the study integrates Berger and Luckmann’s theory of social construction with Galtung’s concept of structural violence and positive peace to frame femicide as both symbolic and systemic. This research contributes original insights to Indonesian gender studies by mapping community-based resistance to femicide—an area rarely examined—and by emphasizing the urgency of intersectoral policy reform and institutional support.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mochamad Ziaul Haq, Gerardette Philips, Stephanus Djunatan, Henrycus Napitsunargo, F.X. Galih Kurniawan, Renatha Aisya Nazwanindya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Community Participation in Sustainable Development Goals: Experiences in West Java, Indonesia
This research examines community participation in sustainable development in West Java, Central Java, and East Java Provinces, Indonesia, which aims to integrate sustainable development goals into policies and activities at the village level. Although the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program has been implemented, citizen participation remains minimal. The research method uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through field research, participatory observation, literature research, and in-depth interviews with community leaders and relevant stakeholders. The main findings show that community groups play an active role in physical development and enhance local capacity in resource management, with significant support for the sustainability of SDG programs at the village level. The complexity of economic, social, and cultural factors has influenced their participation, as well as its implications for achieving sustainable development goals. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of community societies in the context of village development, with implications for the development of more inclusive and sustainable policies in the future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Moh Dulkiah, Marlan Marlan, Rudi Kresna, Sarbini Sarbini, Asep Dadan Wildan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Democracy on Gender-Based Violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Post-Bosnian Conflict
The transition from authoritarianism to democracy is often assumed to lead to improved human rights protection, including a reduction in gender-based violence (GBV). Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a post-conflict country that adopted a democratic system through the Dayton Agreement in 1995, continues to struggle with establishing inclusive and sustainable peace. This study aims to examine whether the advancement of democracy in Bosnia has contributed to the decline of GBV from 1995 to 2024. Using a quantitative correlational approach and secondary data, the research analyzes the relationship between democratic development—measured through six rule of law indicators—and trends in GBV. The findings indicate that there is no causal relationship between the increase in democracy and the decrease in GBV. In fact, GBV in Bosnia has increased over the past three decades, despite a relatively stable democracy index. This suggests that procedural democracy does not automatically translate into protection for women, especially in the absence of substantial institutional and social reform. The study highlights the need to assess democratic quality more holistically, particularly in post-conflict settings, to ensure justice and protection for vulnerable groups. These findings also contribute to the broader discussion on the limitations of Democratic Peace Theory in addressing issues of domestic and gender-based violence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mika Meytasia Ito, Adhi Fahdayna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Houses of Worship Development Management in Pluralistic Cities: Comparative Study of Manado and Gorontalo
This study examines the dynamics of worship house construction management—specifically mosques and churches—within the pluralistic urban contexts of Manado and Gorontalo. The objective of this research is to analyze how religious pluralism and social capital influence the management process through the POES framework (Planning, Organizing, Evaluation, and Supervision). Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with a comparative case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation involving religious leaders, local government representatives, and community organizations. Data analysis was conducted in three stages: data reduction, thematic coding, and narrative interpretation. The findings indicate that although Manado (predominantly Christian) and Gorontalo (predominantly Muslim) possess distinct demographic structures, both display similar management patterns—participatory, transparent, and rooted in social trust. During the planning and funding stages, construction initiatives originated from community-driven efforts based on collective self-help (gotong royong), supported symbolically by government and religious institutions. In the organizing stage, the committee structure was non-hierarchical and inclusive, involving women, youth, and interfaith participants, thereby strengthening social solidarity. In the evaluation and supervision stages, a community-based moral accountability mechanism was applied, where financial transparency and public participation served as key instruments of project control. However, the study also reveals potential dysfunctions, including dependence on charismatic figures and the absence of professional auditing systems, which could hinder project sustainability if not balanced with institutional capacity building. These findings confirm that, in pluralistic societies, the success of worship house management is not solely determined by technical procedures such as the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), but also by local cultural norms—such as musyawarah (deliberation), gotong royong (mutual cooperation), and interfaith tolerance—which serve as sources of social capital and moral legitimacy. Theoretically, this research contributes by integrating the POES management model with social capital theory in religious contexts. Practically, it provides policy recommendations for governments and religious institutions to strengthen worship house governance through community-based management training, interfaith monitoring mechanisms, and inclusive, equitable development policies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Radlyah Hasan Jan, Fitria Ayu Lestari Niu, Youlanda Hasan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Green Human Resource Management on Green Innovation: The Mediating Role of Green Organizational Commitment in MSMEs in Samarinda City
This study examines the influence of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM)—comprising green recruitment, green training, and green knowledge sharing—on green innovation in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Samarinda, with green organizational commitment (GOC) as a mediating variable. This topic is particularly important since MSMEs, although vital in developing economies, often overlook ecological aspects. The research adopts a quantitative descriptive design with a sample of 100 food and beverage MSME owners in Samarinda, drawn from a population of 16,825 using Slovin’s formula. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with WarpPLS 7.0. The results show that all three dimensions of GHRM significantly affect green innovation, with green knowledge sharing exerting the strongest impact, followed by green recruitment, while green training has a positive but weaker effect. Furthermore, GOC significantly mediates these relationships, with the strongest indirect effect found in the path from green knowledge sharing to green innovation. The overall model demonstrates strong feasibility and explanatory power (R² = 0.941 for green innovation). These findings indicate that HR practices aimed at environmental sustainability are most effective when supported by organizational commitment. Policy-wise, this research underscores the importance of embedding environmental awareness into recruitment, training, and knowledge-sharing processes at the MSME level. Practically, MSMEs are encouraged to institutionalize green values as part of their organizational culture to strengthen innovation and competitiveness. This study contributes originality by modeling how internal GHRM mechanisms influence innovation through organizational commitment, thereby extending previous theories and offering context-specific insights for MSMEs in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Suyanto Suyanto, Dian Irma Aprianti, Eko Ravi Pratama, Lailatul Maghfiroh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Designing Future Policy Scenarios for Sustainable Urban Freight Transport: Lessons from the Jakarta Greater Area
As the center of economic growth and the hub of industries and trade in Indonesia, the issue of goods transportation development in the Jakarta Greater Area deserves higher priority, amongst academics, private sector leaders, and policymakers. Currently, freight trucking is the most widely used mode of goods transportation within the Jakarta greater area (91.3 percent), exceeding the other two alternative modes: sea (7.6 percent) and railway (1.1 percent) transportation. However, the movement of goods transported along the corridor is very congested, not environmentally friendly, and has a relatively small efficiency value and economies of scale. On the other hand, the train mode offers several advantages over the truck mode, including a large transport capacity, relatively fast travel times, freedom from illegal levies, and more guaranteed goods safety. This article employs a mixed-methods approach that combines documentary and SWOT Analysis to explore the current and prospective status of freight railways in the Jakarta region as perceived by key multiple stakeholders, including national and provincial governments, the private sector, academia, and civil society organizations. The results reveal vertical and horizontal disharmony among the responsible government units at both the national and provincial levels regarding the future direction of Jakarta's freight transport. Interestingly, during the FGD, the rational trucking business owners did not show any reluctance toward railway development, as it turned out that a more integrated, intermodal transportation is a better option for all. Finally, the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government needs to prioritize its resources to address the existing weaknesses and challenges before expanding further with a broader and more ambitious strategy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Reza Fathurrahman, Syifa Amania Afra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mapping Opinion Networks: An Interaction Network Analysis of Commenters on Narasi Newsroom's "Weda Bay Nickel Downstreaming" YouTube Video
Indonesia is the world's largest producer of nickel reserves. The government has implemented a nickel downstreaming policy to increase the added value of this commodity. One of the centres of nickel downstreaming is Weda Bay in North Maluku, which has recorded significant economic growth. Behind this financial success, nickel downstreaming has harmed social and environmental aspects. These impacts have triggered various responses from the community, many of which have been channelled through social media such as YouTube. This study analyses the network of public opinion in the comments section of the YouTube video “The Curse of Weda Bay Nickel Downstreaming (PART 1)” by Narasi Newsroom using the Social Network Analysis (SNA) method with Gephi 0.10 software and reviews negative, positive, and neutral sentiments using the Naïve Bayes model through Google Colab. The network analysis results show a diameter of 2, density of 0.000 (very low), and modularity of 0.838 (high), indicating that interactions between users are rare and that there are separate communities. Centrality measurements (degree, betweenness, closeness, and eigenvector) show @knowledgeid970 and @kadyrov12373 as the leading and most influential actors in the comment network. Naïve Bayes sentiment analysis shows that 52.49% of comments have negative sentiment, 26.45% are neutral, and only 21.06% are positive. The data needs to be balanced using SMOTE, and more accurate models need to be explored. Negative sentiment is dominated by concerns about environmental impacts such as deforestation, pollution, and pressure on clean water supplies due to nickel downstreaming.
Copyright (c) 2025 Az-zahra Mutiara Syofi Ramadhina, Lovie Harleyna Murti, Gema Nusantara Bakry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Bibliometric Analysis on Child Labor Using VoS Viewer and Biblioshiny: A Study on Scopus Database from 1902-2025
Child labor continues to be one of the most urgent global issues, highlighting ongoing social, economic, and ethical dilemmas that cross national and disciplinary lines. In spite of numerous international policy efforts and advocacy over the years, millions of children around the globe still endure exploitation in different types of labor, which has significant consequences for their rights, education, health, and future development. Grasping the progression of academic focus on this matter is essential, not only to chart current understanding but also to pinpoint gaps and emerging avenues for research that can guide effective interventions. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global scholarly publications on child labor from 1902 to 2025. Drawing on a Scopus dataset of 1,831 documents extracted from 815 publication sources, this research employs Biblioshiny and VOSviewer to analyze trends, authorship, institutional contributions, country participation, and thematic evolution within the literature. The findings reveal a steady yet accelerated growth in academic interest, particularly from the 1990s onward, coinciding with rising global awareness of children’s rights, poverty, and education. Despite a moderate average annual growth rate of 1.53%, the field has diversified significantly, encompassing themes such as economic development, social policy, gender, and child welfare. The most influential publications are rooted in development economics and social studies, with increasing contributions from journals focused on sustainability, ethics, and education. Prominent scholars and institutions, mainly from the United States and the United Kingdom, have dominated the field, though contributions from the Global South remain underrepresented. Emerging thematic trends include the intersection of child labor with technological change, digitization, and climate vulnerability. However, several research gaps persist, particularly in gender-disaggregated analysis, sector-specific studies, localized and longitudinal impact assessments, and theoretical integration across disciplines. The study highlights the need for future research to adopt interdisciplinary, inclusive, and forward-looking approaches that engage with the evolving realities of child labor, especially in light of digital economies, global crises, and systemic inequalities. These insights aim to inform more equitable and effective policy responses to the persistent global challenge of child labor.
Copyright (c) 2025 Niswatin Nurul Hidayati, Rahma Sugihartati, Titik Puji Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Bibliometric Analysis of Public Service Digitalization in Villages: Mapping Trends and Collaboration Networks
Digital transformation in governance has become a global priority, yet research on the digitalization of public services in rural villages remains fragmented and underexplored. Limited infrastructure, disparities in digital literacy, and institutional readiness highlight the urgency of mapping existing scholarship to identify research trends and gaps. This study aims to provide a systematic overview of the literature on village-level public service digitalization through bibliometric analysis of Scopus data published between 2015 and 2025. Methods include trend analysis of publications, distribution of documents, co-authorship networks among authors and institutions, and keyword co-occurrence analysis using VOSviewer. Findings indicate that publications on this topic are still limited but show a rising trend in recent years, dominated by multidisciplinary journals in the social sciences. Contributions come primarily from developing countries, especially India and Indonesia, with research themes focusing on digital skills development for village officials, community participation, and policy support. Collaboration networks among authors and institutions remain weak, reflecting a fragmented research community. This study contributes by clarifying the current state of knowledge, highlighting the relevance of e-Government, Sociotechnical Systems, Digital Divide, and Citizen-Centric Government theories, and recommending stronger international collaboration to accelerate inclusive and effective implementation of digital public services in villages.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irman Puansah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Building a Culture of Tolerance Through Sustainable Leadership, Cultural Intelligence, and Social Adaptation: Evidence from a Multicultural Community in Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the mechanisms through which a culture of tolerance emerges in multicultural communities by examining three key factors: sustainable leadership (SL), cultural intelligence (CQ), and social adaptation (AD). This focus is crucial because tolerance is often understood as a product of state policy, whereas empirical evidence consistently shows that tolerant practices are primarily constructed through grassroots leadership and everyday social interactions. Methodologically, this research employs a quantitative approach, collecting survey data through Google Forms from residents of Gang Luna, Bandung, West Java, and analyzing the data using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS–SEM). The outer model was evaluated through tests of convergent validity, discriminant validity, internal reliability, and multicollinearity, while the inner model was assessed using R², Q², path coefficients, effect size, and significance testing with 5000 bootstrapped subsamples. The findings reveal three major results. First, sustainable leadership has a positive and significant effect on cultural intelligence, indicating that dialogic and inclusive leadership at the community level strengthens residents’ cultural readiness in navigating differences. Second, cultural intelligence significantly enhances social adaptation, as individuals with higher CQ demonstrate stronger abilities to adjust, recognize cultural sensitivities, and maintain intergroup harmony. Third, SL, CQ, and AD jointly shape a stable and sustainable culture of tolerance. The mediating effects of CQ and AD show that tolerance is not merely the outcome of formal policy but is produced through social learning, difference management, and everyday cross-identity interaction. The study’s implications highlight the importance of strengthening community leadership capacity, expanding intercultural literacy programs, and reformulating tolerance policies to be more responsive to the lived social dynamics of residents. In terms of originality, this research offers an empirical model that explains the pathways of tolerance formation grounded in everyday multiculturalism and community-driven leadership—an area that remains underexplored in Indonesian tolerance studies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Neni Alyani, Lilis Rosita, M. Miftahul Madya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Perceived Value and e-WOM as Drivers of Customer Engagement: The Mediating Role of Purchase Intention among Generation Z Genshin Impact Users
This study aims to analyze the influence of perceived value and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) on customer engagement, with purchase intention as a mediating variable, among Generation Z users of the Genshin Impact game application. The background of this research is rooted in the increasing competition within the mobile gaming industry and the growing need for companies to maintain user engagement through experiential value and digital recommendations. This study employed a quantitative approach involving four key variables: perceived value, e-WOM, purchase intention, and customer engagement. Data were collected through an online questionnaire administered to respondents aged 17–28 who had played Genshin Impact, with a minimum sample size of 170 participants. The analysis utilized Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through WarpPLS 7.0. The results indicate that both perceived value and e-WOM significantly affect customer engagement. Purchase intention was also found to significantly influence engagement. Indirectly, perceived value demonstrated a significant effect on engagement through purchase intention, whereas e-WOM did not exhibit a significant mediating effect. Theoretically, this study strengthens the understanding of user engagement formation within experience-based digital gaming ecosystems. Practically, it provides implications for game developers in designing marketing strategies that prioritize enhanced experiential value and the optimization of e-WOM. The originality of this study lies in its focus on Generation Z users in Indonesia and its integration of four digital engagement variables into a single comprehensive model.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dian Irma Aprianti, Dahlia Natalia, Pudjiati Pudjiati, Dimas Ardi Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of Human Resources at The Regional Human Resources Development Agency of Palu City
This study aims to determine how the development of civil servant resources at the Palu City Regional Human Resources Development Personnel Agency. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The type of data uses primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques, carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The informant drawing technique uses purposive. Data analysis used is the Miles, Huberman and Saldana model, namely data collection, data presentation, data condensation and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of the research that has been done, there are recommendations that can be given to improve the effectiveness of civil servant resource development at the Palu City Regional Human Resources Development Personnel Agency. These recommendations are compiled by considering field findings on the dimensions of training, education, and development according to Nadler's theory (1990), Increasing the Frequency and Equity of Training needs to increase the number of technical training and technical guidance every year, with an even distribution to all ASN so that each employee has the same opportunity to develop skills, Preparation of More Relevant Training Materials Training materials should be compiled based on job needs analysis (training needs analysis) so that the training output directly impacts performance improvement according to each employee's duties. Expanding Access to Formal and Non-Formal Education: Regional governments are expected to increase budgetary and policy support for civil servants (ASN) to participate in further studies, seminars, and workshops, so that strategic competency development can be equitably distributed. Strengthening the Career Development System: Talent pools, job rotations, and leadership development programs need to be expanded to encompass more employees, so that they are not solely focused on specific individuals but provide equal opportunities for all potential ASN. Measurable Post-Program Evaluation at the Civil Service Agency: Human Resource Development needs to establish a post-training, education, and development evaluation mechanism, both in terms of performance and employee behavioral changes, to ensure that implemented programs truly deliver the desired impact.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jisman Jisman, Daswati Daswati, Abdul Rivai, Nasir Mangngasing https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0