Recontructing the Formation of Israel's Religion in the context of Old Testament Biblical Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/kt.v4i2.17024Keywords:
History, Israel, Old Testament, Reconstruction, Religion of IsraelAbstract
The Old Testament can be said to be an interpretation of life and beliefs at that time and period, namely in the world and beliefs of ancient Israel. In addition, the Old Testament is often considered the primary source for the history of religion and worship of ancient Israel. In the Old Testament found a presentation and description of the history of the ancestors of Israel as a nation until they entered the land of Canaan, and so on. This paper aims to reconstruct the history of Israel's religion in the context of the Old Testament world. To achieve this goal, the researcher uses a literature approach by analyzing the occurrence of the Old Testament canon, the context of the Old Testament, the history of the Israelites, and Israel's religion. The results of this study conclude that the religion of Israel occurred through the development process of the religious system that existed at that time. The claim that Israel's religion was imported from outside, then came into conflict with the Canaanite religious system basically has no religious historical basis. The emergence of varieties of monotheism that occurred in Israel around the 2nd century BC as recorded by Josephus was the culmination of an inclusive form of monotheism which gradually developed into exclusive monotheism during the Hellenistic period. This indicates that Israel's religious system in the era of the first temple was not monotheistic, but polytheistic which in practice often took the form of henotheism and monolatry. This research is expected to contribute to the study of theological topics, especially in the study of the formation of the nation and religion of Israel.
References
Albright, W. F. (1939). The Israelite Conquest of Canaan in the Light of Archaeology. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 74, 11–23. https://doi.org/10.2307/3218878
Alt, A. (1966). Essay in Old Testament History and Religion. New York: Doubleday.
Becker-Leckrone, M. (2005). Julia Kristeva and Literary Theory. London-New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Callaway, J. A. (1968). New Evidence on the Conquest of Ai. Journal of Biblical Literature, 87(3), 312. https://doi.org/10.2307/3263542
Callaway, J. A. (1985). A New Perspective on the Hill Country Settlement of Canaan in Iron Age I. In J. N. Tubb (Ed.), Palestine in the Bronze and Iron Ages: Papers in Honor of Olga Tufnell (pp. 31–49). London: Routledge.
Carr, D. M. (2010). An Introduction to the Old Testament: Sacred Texts and Imperial Contexts of the Hebrew Bible. United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell, A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication.
Coote, R. B., & Whitelam, W. (1986). The Emergence of Early Israel. Sheffield: JSOT Press.
Damanik, D., & Simanungkalit, L. N. (2022). Text and Bible Canonization. Didache: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani, 3(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.55076/didache.v3i2.53
Davies, G. I., & Finkelstein, I. (1989). The Archaeology of the Israelite Settlement. Vetus Testamentum, 39(1), 127. https://doi.org/10.2307/1518490
Dever, W. G. (2012). The lives of ordinary people in ancient Israel: When archaeology and the Bible intersect. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
Drane, J. (2002). Memahami Perjanjian Lama I. Jakarta: Yayasan Persekutuan Pembaca Alkitab.
Finkelstein, I., Lemche, N. P., Coote, R. B., & Whitelam, K. W. (1990). The Emergence of Early Israel: Anthropology, Environment and Archaeology. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 110(4), 677. https://doi.org/10.2307/602896
Gottwald, N. K. (1987). The Hebrew Bible: A Socio-Literary Introduction. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.
Groenen. (1988). Pengantar Ke Dalam Perjanjian Lama. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Halpern, B. (1983). The Emergence of Israel In Canaan. Chalifornia: ScholarsPress.
Heidbach, O., & Ben-Avraham, Z. (2007). Stress evolution and seismic hazard of the Dead Sea Fault System. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 257(1–2), 299–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.042
Irwin, W. (1923). The Salts of the Dead Sea and River Jordan. The Geographical Journal, 61(6), 428. https://doi.org/10.2307/1780819
Karman, Y. (2000). Kanon dan Tafsir Alkitab. Jurnal Forum Biblika, (11).
Kenyon, K. M. (1957). Digging Up Jericho. London: Ernest Bern.
Laoly, N. G. (2019). Usia Perjanjian Lama. Kerugma: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen, 1(2), 133–141.
Lemche, N. P. (1988). Ancient Israel: A New History of Israelite Society. Sheffield: JSOT Press.
Lumingkewas, M. S. (2019). One God or One Lord? Deuteronomi and the Meaning of Monotheism. FIDEI: Jurnal Teologi Sistematika Dan Praktika, 2(2), 388–410. https://doi.org/10.34081/fidei.v2i2.79
Mandagi, L. Y. (2020). Keesaan Yahweh (TUHAN) Dalam Kitab Kejadian. CARAKA: Jurnal Teologi Biblika Dan Praktika, 1(2), 211–227. https://doi.org/10.46348/car.v1i2.31
Matthews, V. H., & Moyer, J. C. (2012). The Old Testament: Text and Context. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.
Mazar, A. (1967). The Israelites Settlement in Canaan in the Light of Archaeological Excavations. BAT: ed. Amitai.
Peckham, J. C. (2007). The canon and biblical authority: A critical comparison of two models of canonicity. Trinity Journal, 28(2), 229.
Pitchard, J. B. (1965). The Bible in Modern Scholarship. Nashville: Abingdon.
Rad, G. von. (1962). Old Testament Theology Vol 1. London: Oliver and Boyd.
Santoso, A. (2009). Pengantar Perjanjian Lama. Ungaran: STT Abdiel.
Simanjuntak, F., Sianipar, R., & Sihombing, A. (2019). Menelusuri Sejarah Perjalanan Nomaden Bangsa Israel. Real Didache: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen, 4(2), 1–24.
Sitorus, H. P. (2019). Pengukuhan Identitas Kesatuan “Bangsa†Israel (Studi Sosio-Politik Terhadap Kisah Penciptaan Sumber Y Kejadian 2:4b-25). Jurnal Teologi Cultivation, 3(1), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.46965/jtc.v3i1.253
Tan, T. (2020). Diakronis,Sebuah Pendekatan Baru Dalam Teologi Perjanjian Lama. Malang. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/43445971/DIAKRONIS_SEBUAH_PENDEKATAN_BARU_DALAM_TEOLOGI_PERJANJIAN_LAMA
Thompson, T. L. (1987). The Origin Tradition of Ancient Israel. Sheffield: JSOT Press.
Ulrich, E. (2015). The Notion and Definition of Canon. In The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Developmental Composition of the Bible (pp. 265–279). Leiden: BRILL. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004296039_018
Vriezen, C. T. (2009). Agama Israel Kuno. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia.
Weinfeld, M. (1970). The Covenant of Grant in the Old Testament and in the Ancient near East. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 90(2), 184. https://doi.org/10.2307/598135
Wright, P. H. (2011). An Introduction to the Old Testament: Sacred Texts and Imperial Contexts of the Hebrew. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, 54(2), 367.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
