The Muslim’s meaning of life: How religious commitment and attachment to God influenced it?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/kt.v5i1.20747Keywords:
Attachment to God, meaning of life, muslims, religious commitmentAbstract
Various studies conclude that religion influences psychological well-being, including the formation of the meaning of one's life. This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of religious commitment and attachment to God with the meaning of life in adult Muslims. This study uses a quantitative approach, with 312 samples and uses 3 adaptation instruments from The Religious Commitment Inventory (RCI-10), The Attachment to God Inventory (AGI), and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MIL), which are then processed by descriptive statistics and correlation and regression techniques. The results show that 56.1% of the sample has a high religious commitment, while commitment to God has two dimensions: avoiding intimacy, where 53.5% of the sample was on the high scale and the dimension of anxiety about abandonment, where 87.2% lied on the low scale. In the meaning of life variable, 54.2% of the sample has a meaning of life on a high scale. There is a significant relationship between religious commitment to the meaning of life and attachment to God with the meaning of life. It can be concluded that religious commitment and attachment to God affect the meaning of one's life. Even though, Religious commitment has a greater influence on the meaning of life, which contributes 24.3%, while attachment to God only contributes 1.7%. The limitation in this study is that the instrument of attachment to God uses a general instrument that applies to all religious, so it is recommended for further research to use and develop an instrument of attachment to God that specifically refers to Islamic characteristics.
References
Agorastos, A., Huber, C. G., & Demiralay, C. (2014). Influence of religious aspects and personal beliefs on psychological behavior: focus on anxiety disorders. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 7, 93. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S43666
Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(4), 432–443. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0021212
Alsharah, N. I., Alazam, A.-A. A., Alhamad, N. F., & Al-Sharaah, F. K. (2018). The Effect of Religious Commitment on Psychological Security: The Case of Female Students at Irbid University College. Review of European Studies, 10(4), 124. https://doi.org/10.5539/res.v10n4p124
Aslamawati, Y., Wangi, E. N., & Yanuar, M. T. (2011). Hubungan Religious Commitment dengan Motivasi Belajar pada Mahasiswa di UNISBA. Schema: Journal of Psychological Research, 2(2), 60–73.
Bartholomew, K. (1990). Avoidance of Intimacy: An Attachment Perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7(2), 147–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407590072001
Battista, J., & Almond, R. (1973). The Development of Meaning in Life †. Psychiatry, 36(4), 409–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1973.11023774
Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., Aaker, J. L., & Garbinsky, E. N. (2013). Some key differences between a happy life and a meaningful life. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(6), 505–516. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.830764
Beck, R., & McDonald, A. (2004). Attachment to God: The Attachment to God Inventory, Tests of Working Model Correspondence, and an Exploration of Faith Group Differences. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 32(2), 92–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/009164710403200202
Bergan, A., & McConatha, J. T. (2001). Religiosity and Life Satisfaction. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 24(3), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1300/J016v24n03_02
Bonab, B. G., & Namini, A. S. Y. (2010). The Relationship between Attachment to God and Reliance on God. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1098–1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.242
Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 664–678. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x
Bradshaw, M., & Kent, B. V. (2018). Prayer, Attachment to God, and Changes in Psychological Well-Being in Later Life. Journal of Aging and Health, 30(5), 667–691. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264316688116
Budiwanto, S. (2017). Metode Statistika: Untuk Mengolah Data Keolahragaan. Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang.
Dar, K. A., & Iqbal, N. (2019). Religious Commitment and Well-Being in College Students: Examining Conditional Indirect Effects of Meaning in Life. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(6), 2288–2297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0538-2
Debats, D. L. H. M. (1996). Meaning in life: psychometric, clinical and phenomenological aspects. University of Groningen.
Dezutter, J., Casalin, S., Wachholtz, A., Luyckx, K., Hekking, J., & Vandewiele, W. (2013). Meaning in life: An important factor for the psychological well-being of chronically ill patients? Rehabilitation Psychology, 58(4), 334–341. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034393
Ferdianti, E. (2018). Hubungan antara Komitmen Beragama dengan Perilaku Prososial pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Islam Negeri SGD Bandung Angkatan 2008-2010. Psympathic : Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 6(2), 871–885. https://doi.org/10.15575/psy.v6i2.2205
Frankl, V. E. (1959). Man’s Search for Meaning. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
Ghobary Bonab, B., Miner, M., & Proctor, M.-T. (2013). Attachment to God in Islamic Spirituality. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 7(2), 77–104. https://doi.org/10.3998/jmmh.10381607.0007.205
Grouden, M. E., & Jose, P. E. (2014). How do sources of meaning in life vary according to demographic factors? New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 43(3), 29–38.
Hassan, R. (2007). On Being Religious: Patterns of Religious Commitment in Muslim Societies. The Muslim World, 97(3), 437–478. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.2007.00190.x
Holdcroft, B. B. (2006). What is Religiosity. Journal of Catholic Education, 10(1), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.15365/joce.1001082013
Homan, K. J. (2014). A mediation model linking attachment to God, self-compassion, and mental health. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 17(10), 977–989. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2014.984163
Howe, D. (2011). Patterns of Attachment. In Attachment Across the Lifecourse (pp. 41–54). London: Macmillan Education UK. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34601-7_4
Husailah, N. F. (2020). Pengaruh Keaktifan Mengikuti Majelis Taklim Terhadap Pemahaman Agama Islam Jamaah Majelis Taklim Se-Kecamatan Ngrambe Selatan, Kabupaten Ngawi Tahun 2020. IAIN Surakarta.
Kahfi, A. S. (2016). Komitmen Beragama Islam, Konsep Diri dan Regulasi Diri Para Pengguna Narkoba. Psikologika: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi, 21(1), 87–104. https://doi.org/10.20885/psikologika.vol21.iss1.art9
Kelley, M. M., & Chan, K. T. (2012). Assessing the Role of Attachment to God, Meaning, and Religious Coping as Mediators in the Grief Experience. Death Studies, 36(3), 199–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2011.553317
King, L. A., Hicks, J. A., Krull, J. L., & Del Gaiso, A. K. (2006). Positive affect and the experience of meaning in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(1), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.179
Koenig, H., Wang, Z., Al Zaben, F., & Adi, A. (2015). Belief into Action Scale: A Comprehensive and Sensitive Measure of Religious Involvement. Religions, 6(3), 1006–1016. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel6031006
Martela, F., & Steger, M. F. (2016). The three meanings of meaning in life: Distinguishing coherence, purpose, and significance. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(5), 531–545. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1137623
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2013). Attachment Orientations and Meaning in Life. In The Experience of Meaning in Life (pp. 287–304). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6527-6_22
Mockingbird. (2016). Attachment Theory and Your Relationship With God - Mockingbird. Retrieved 12 August 2022, from Mockingbird website: https://mbird.com/psychology/attachment-theory-and-your-relationship-with-god/
Muhson, A. (2018). Teknik Analisis Kualtitatif. Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Nasr, S. H. (1987). Islamic Spirituality. London: Routledge.
Nisfiannor, M., Rostiana, & Puspasari, T. (2004). Hubungan antara komitmen beragama dan subjective well-being pada remaja akhir di Universitas Tarumanagara. Jurnal Psikologi, 2(1), 93.
Polsky, J. (2017). Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe. Retrieved 23 June 2022, from Pew Research Center website: https://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-belief-and-national-belonging-in-central-and-eastern-europe/
Pope, B., Price, J., & Lillard, D. R. (2014). The Impact of Religion on Youth Outcomes. The Journal of Business Inquiry, 13(1), 48–60.
Portal Informasi Indonesia. (2022). Profil Agama. Retrieved 21 June 2022, from Portal Informasi Indonesia website: https://www.indonesia.go.id/profil/agama
Rajabzadeh, Z. et all. (2019). Investigating the Relationship Between Attachment to God and Resilience with Meaningfulness in Student Life. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 61(1), 20–28.
Ramdhani, N. (2021). Jadwal Kajian Islam Jawa Barat Hari Minggu 3 Oktober 2021 Ada di 19 Lokasi. Retrieved 22 June 2022, from Cianjurpedia website: https://cianjurpedia.pikiran-rakyat.com/gaya-hidup/pr-1032721161/jadwal-kajian-islam-jawa-barat-hari-minggu-3-oktober-2021-ada-di-19-lokasi?page=2
Refahi, Z., Bahmani, B., Nayeri, A., & Nayeri, R. (2015). The Relationship between Attachment to God and Identity Styles with Psychological Well-being in Married Teachers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 1922–1927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.856
Reinert, D. F., & Edwards, C. E. (2014). Attachment Theory and Concepts of God. SAGE Open, 4(4), 215824401456054. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014560547
Rohmatunnisa, A. (2019). Gambaran Attachment To God (Kelekatan Terhadap Tuhan) Pada Lansia Janda. UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.
Rowatt, W., & Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2002). Two Dimensions of Attachment to God and Their Relation to Affect, Religiosity, and Personality Constructs. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41(4), 637–651. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5906.00143
Sabri. (2020). Pengaruh Keaktifan Berorganisasi Remaja Mesjid Al-Khaerat dengan Perilaku Beragama Siswa MAN Pinrang. IAIN Parepare.
Sabry, W., & Vohra, A. (2013). Role of Islam in the management of Psychiatric disorders. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(6), 205. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.105534
Sari, P. A. (2017). Hubungan antara Komitmen Beragama dengan Subjective Well Being pada Mahasiswa UKM Pecinta Alam di Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Sayeed, S. A., & Prakash, A. (2013). The Islamic prayer (Salah/Namaaz) and yoga togetherness in mental health. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(6), 224. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.105537
Schippers, M. C., & Ziegler, N. (2019). Life Crafting as a Way to Find Purpose and Meaning in Life. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(December). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02778
Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2004). What do self-report attachment measures assess? In W. S. Rholes & J. A. Simpson (Eds.), Adult attachment: Theory, research, and clinical implications (pp. 17–54). New York: Guilford Publications.
Steger, M. F. (2009). Meaning in life. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology (pp. 679–687). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Steger, Michael F., Kashdan, T. B., Sullivan, B. A., & Lorentz, D. (2008). Understanding the Search for Meaning in Life: Personality, Cognitive Style, and the Dynamic Between Seeking and Experiencing Meaning. Journal of Personality, 76(2), 199–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00484.x
Sucahyo, N. (2019). NU dan Muhammadiyah: 2 Sayap Perdamaian. Retrieved 21 June 2022, from VOA Indonesia website: https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/nu-dan-muhammadiyah-2-sayap-perdamaian/4758527.html
Sukirno, S. (2018). Diskriminasi Pemenuhan Hak Sipil Bagi Penganut Agama Lokal. Administrative Law and Governance Journal, 1(3), 231–239. https://doi.org/10.14710/alj.v1i3.231-239
Susanti, H. (2019). Hubungan antara religious commitment dan meaning in life pada remaja akhir. Universitas Tarumanagara.
Takamizawa, E. (1994). Religious Commitment Theory: a Model for Japanese Christians. Torch Trinity Journal, 27(1986), 164–176.
Verloo, H., Salina, A., Fiorentino, A., & Cohen, C. (2018). Factors influencing the quality of life perceptions of cognitively impaired older adults in a nursing home and their informal and professional caregivers: a mixed methods study. Clinical Interventions in Aging, Volume 13, 2135–2147. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S184329
Wahidmurni. (2017). Pemaparan metode penelitian kuantitatif.
Wesselmann, E. D., VanderDrift, L. E., & Agnew, C. R. (2016). Religious commitment: An interdependence approach. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 8(1), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000024
Widhiarso, W. (2020). Uji Normallitas.
Worthington, E. L., Wade, N. G., Hight, T. L., Ripley, J. S., McCullough, M. E., Berry, J. W., … O’Connor, L. (2003). The Religious Commitment Inventory--10: Development, refinement, and validation of a brief scale for research and counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(1), 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.50.1.84
Yoon, Y. M., & Cho, H. H. (2011). Factors Influencing Meaning of Life in Adolescents. Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing, 17(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.4094/jkachn.2011.17.1.31
Youthrex. (2012). Evaluation Measures Meaning in Life Questionnaire. Retrieved 21 November 2022, from Youthrex website: https://youthrex.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Meaning-in-Life-Questionnaire-1.pdf
Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., Cole, B., Rye, M. S., Butter, E. M., Belavich, T. G., … Kadar, J. L. (1997). Religion and Spirituality: Unfuzzying the Fuzzy. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36(4), 549. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387689
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).