State Capital Relocation and National Rice Field Prospects: Indonesian Agricultural Politics in an Era of Disruptive Innovation Politik Pertanian Indonesia di Era Inovasi Disruptif

For Indonesia, relocating the national capital is one option for improving food security. Although, statistically, the ministry of agriculture's flagship program appears to have succeeded in increasing exports. Budget policies are actually shrinking in the field, and agricultural land is eroding. In addition, the state continues to import a number of strategic commodities such as rice and soybeans. The challenges of the innovation disruption era must be met with optimism. This paper seeks to understand how Indonesian agricultural politics can adapt to the era of disruptive innovation. The results of the analysis, conducted using a qualitative approach, show that: (a) the country's agricultural politics have so far been unable to produce new players capable of competing with the old players (incumbents), (b) the national agricultural strategy has not been able to present companies and entrepreneurs with disruptive innovation capabilities, (c) agricultural industry policy innovation is still limited, so it cannot promise lower margins and profits. Finally, the relocation of the capital city must be followed by the creation of creative paddy fields and an effective agricultural budget allocation strategy. A favorable ecosystem must be created to encourage the development of new competitive companies and new millennial farmers who are ready to face the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The private sector must also be involved in order to balance the government's and banks' suboptimal roles.


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia has extraordinary potential as an agrarian country; however, its various development and innovation efforts are concentrated solely on the island of Java (Wilonoyudho et al., 2017). As a result, the Jokowi administration's official initiative to relocate the Indonesian capital from Jakarta to East Kalimantan, specifically in parts of North Penajam Paser Regency and Kutai Kartanaegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province (Kusuma, 2019), provides new hope for equitable development. Kalimantan was chosen because of the availability of government land and infrastructure that was considered relatively complete, in addition to strengthening food security and reducing population density on the island of Java (Anastasia, 2019). The relocation of the capital city is also critical to a country's economic stability.
Particularly through migration, which can result in the concentration of new national-scale economic growth centers. Furthermore, it has the potential to bind internal connectivity, namely regional development outside of Java, as well as external connectivity in the form of foreign cooperation, both at the Southeast Asian and Asian levels (Taufiq, 2017).
Statistically, the Ministry of Agriculture's flagship program appears to have succeeded in increasing exports and raising farmers' living standards.
Unfortunately, this is not supported by strengthening the agricultural industry's foundation. Governments in the past implemented radical political transformation policies rather than gradually. Agriculture-based industries are forced to transform into broad-spectrum industrialization and hi-tech industries that are heavily reliant on imported raw materials, making them vulnerable to fluctuations in the rupiah exchange rate and wasting foreign exchange reserves (Rijswijk et al., 2019). In strong countries, the transformation is accomplished gradually by expanding the agricultural sector through industries that manufacture agricultural production facilities. Farmers are also not incentivized to increase production because the decline in producer prices (farmers) is greater than the decline in consumer prices. POLITICON : Jurnal Ilmu Politik Vol.4 No.2 ; Vietnam in agricultural products, and with China in non-agricultural products (manufacturing industry) (Chandra, 2008;Nasrudin et al., 2015).
Several studies show that agricultural entrepreneurs, agricultural agents and actors, agricultural extension workers, and students are important elements in strengthening agriculture in the age of disruptive innovation. The distribution and marketing of food products and agricultural commodities should be based on the most recent technological information. Agricultural entrepreneurs are expected to be able to connect producer farmers directly to consumers in situations where disruptive innovation expands the agenda for networks, customers, places, and unconventional ways (Perwita & Saptana, 2019). Agricultural agents and actors, particularly millennials, must be able to comprehend the process of agricultural production in the industrial era 4.0 transformation. Meanwhile, extension workers must assess the innovation materials that will be provided to farmers to help them adapt to change (Adhi, 2019). Finally, students, as an important component of the millennial generation, can be involved in the process of technological information transformation transmission, both as distributors through community service activities and as participants in accelerating literacy and disrupting innovation in the agricultural world (Puspitasari, 2020). Furthermore, millennial generation agriculture is an effort to strengthen civil society in development politics (Hasan Mustapa, 2019).
Indonesia has the potential to be an agricultural country capable of producing agricultural commodities. What happens is that they continue to import agricultural commodities, including rice. Although there has been an increase in programs to strengthen agricultural infrastructure, the government's presence in agriculture has not been optimal. Apart from being pandemic can also be used as an opportunity through political and economic policies to increase agricultural competitiveness in the face of the era of disruptive innovation.
The primary goal of this research is to determine how agriculture's political economy is dealing with the era of disruptive innovation.
Furthermore, the following studies will delve deeper into this phenomenon.
The extent to which the agricultural industry's political economy is geared toward exploiting opportunities that the existing industry has overlooked.
How extensive are the government's political and economic policy efforts to produce companies and entrepreneurs capable of offering new packaging that is simpler, more affordable, more accessible, and more convenient? How powerful is political policy? The economy encourages the agro-industrial sector to be able to offer lower margins, simpler target markets, and new products and services.

RESEARCH METHOD
A qualitative approach is used in this study.

Causative Factor
The Significance Of East Kalimantan ▪ Reducing Jakarta's burden as a government center, business center, financial center, trade center, and service center. Jakarta also has Indonesia's largest airport and seaport. Traffic congestion, as well as water and air pollution, must be addressed as soon as possible. ▪ Examining the population density of Java Island, which has a population of 150 million people, or 54 percent of Indonesia's total population. ▪ Improving food security in areas where Java is a source of food security. ▪ Maintaining economic stability in light of the fact that Java accounts for 58 percent of Indonesia's economic GDP. ▪ Reducing disparities both within and outside of Java.  preparation, approximately 80% of the land cleared for rice cultivation becomes idle land. Except for native plants like the galam tree (Melaleuca leucadendra), peatlands with low macro and micronutrient levels and high acidity are difficult to cultivate without special treatment. ▪ Even if rice is planted successfully, its productivity will be far lower than that of rice farming on mineral soils. Peatland rice productivity ranges from 1.5 to 2.9 tons per hectare, which is far below the national average of 5.1 tons per hectare. 2012 President Susilo Bambang Yudoyono launched a rice field printing project in Ketapang, Bulungan, and Merauke.
Ketapang's soil is acidic and unproductive. In theory, four years from now, the results of a new rice field printing project will appear successful. The project in Central Kalimantan province will increase output from approximately 85,000 hectares of existing agricultural land and add an additional 79,000 hectares, including previously drained peatlands. The government will grow a variety of food crops as well as staples. This area is expected to become a food estate that includes more than just rice and corn..
Fruits and vegetables, as well as farms, will be covered. Similar plantations have previously been developed by the government in Papua province, and more are planned. The government previously developed the land for the food estate in the mid-1990s, but it was later abandoned (Nangoy, 2020 The loss of food sovereignty has a negative impact on rural development, resulting in an increase in malnutrition and hunger. Obstacles to rural development are determined by national policymakers as well as those who initiate international regulations. The price-sensitive pattern arises as a result of the oligopolistic Indonesian agricultural commodity trading system, in which importers easily control supply and prices. As a result of the strategic position of several commodities such as rice, sugar, and soybeans, the government has a foundation to protect farmers through political intervention and public policies without sacrificing market mechanisms and efficiency (Amaliyah, 2013). On the other hand, granting foreign corporations absolute rights to enter the market and obtain special treatment from the government is unquestionably more damaging to state sovereignty (Alamsyah, 2012).
Meanwhile, Christensen (1997) induces the phenomenon of disruptive innovation which consists of three main components in table 3.

Table 3. Three Main Components of the Disruptive Innovation Phenomenon
Process Impact The rate of technological progress in many industries is outpacing customer demand for higher-performance technology.
▪ As a result, incumbents can maintain market dominance by producing more sophisticated and feature-rich products than customers demand. ▪ This creates a chasm between customer needs and the firm's product at the bottom of the market. Newcomers can take advantage of this gap. Within an industry, there can be a significant strategic difference between different types of innovation, whether technology or business models.
▪ Most continue to innovate, which improves products and services along performance dimensions that are important to key customers and that the market has historically rewarded. ▪ Disruptive innovation is a less common type. Initially inferior to existing products, this innovation provided more appealing packaging for the market's fringe customer groups, particularly those near the bottom of the market, which were simpler, more affordable, more accessible, and more convenient. Existing customers and profit models limit established companies' investment in new innovations.
▪ Thus, investments that are unappealing to incumbents may be appealing to entrants with few (or no) customers and fewer competing investment opportunities. ▪ As a result, incumbents are rarely motivated to develop disruptive innovations that promise lower margins, target smaller markets, and introduce inferior products and services that their customers are unable to use. Source: Christensen (1997) Agricultural Budget Political Strategy Facing the Industrial Revolution 4.0 The relocation of the capital to improve food security and reduce   According to Sihaloho et al. (2010), from the standpoint of agrarian politics, farmer poverty is generally caused by limited land tenure and a lack of productive land tenure capabilities. Agrarian reform is one component of the solution that can be implemented to provide farmers with access to agrarian/land resources (especially the poor). Meanwhile, agricultural revitalization can serve as a mechanism for farmers to gain access to capital, technology, and other agricultural resources (Sihaloho et al., 2010:). In this case, Indonesia's agricultural regulatory system is still unable to attract new players into the liberal agricultural political system.
The concept of smart agriculture, also known as smart farming or precision agriculture, is currently being developed as an agricultural development concept. The use of industrial computer technology in agriculture is referred to as this concept. The primary goal of the technology's application is to perform optimization in the form of increased yields (quality and quantity) and efficient use of existing resources. The agricultural industrial revolution 4.0 proved to be more dominant in Europe. This is due to a demographic disaster, in which the number of productive age population is less than the number of non-productive age population, requiring population power to be replaced by technology. Meanwhile, in Indonesia itself, the industrial revolution 4.0, especially in the agricultural sector, has not been very successful (Rahayu, 2019). There is a decrease in agricultural land based on data from the Central Statistics Agency and land area figures obtained by  In terms of food self-sufficiency, Indonesia is still struggling due to shrinking agricultural land. Comparison with other countries is also uncommon, as shown in the table 5. A good budget strategy should be future-oriented, effective, and free of deviations (H. Mustapa et al., 2020). The agricultural industry development strategy appears to need to be changed based on the budget strategy and the shrinkage of agricultural land area. Indeed, the agricultural industry is moving at a glacial pace. Agriculture 4.0, in contrast to Industry 4.0, which is advancing rapidly both theoretically and practically, is still limited and delayed in theory. and is still restricted to a small number of start-ups. Policymakers and decision-makers are therefore advised to invest in technological advancements and provide various ways for all sectors of the economy to promote agricultural innovation 4.0 (Zambon et.all, 2019).

Government Efforts in Presenting Competitive Agricultural Companies and Entrepreneurs
According to the findings of a study conducted by the National  Exports of agricultural and fishery products that replace imported products will contribute significantly to the trade balance surplus. Product Agricultural policy through the Special Effort Program to Accelerate Food Self-Sufficiency, namely the provision of food for the community and raw materials for a variety of industries. Food price stability. Reduce poverty Government agricultural development policies help to alleviate poverty, particularly in rural areas. A mechanization program that reaches remote areas of the country, but from the Poverty Surgery program for Prosperous People for Work

Government Excellence Programs and Budget Absorption
The Ministry of Agriculture's budget is shrinking year by year as can be seen from the table 8 and   (Maarif, 2019).
Because of the government's and banks' limited capacity, the involvement of the domestic and foreign private sectors in agriculture is unavoidable. Farmers can still capitalize on the food sector's business potential; however, the government's and banks' attention is not optimal.
Farmers and the private sector have a preference for corn over rice and soybeans. This is because the margins obtained by farmers are more profitable, they receive adequate counseling, and the market guarantees the results of their cultivation. Several factors influence farmers' perceptions of adopting their own technology, including direct relative economic advantages, technology suitability to socio-culture, the complexity of technology application, and information disclosure (Indraningsih, 2011 producers, workers, and communities (Sahan & Mikhail, 2012).
Furthermore, as shown in the table below, the realization of the Ministry of Agriculture's budget until June 6, 2021 is relatively low, in the range of 20.93 percent: From 2020 to 2021, it appears that the government's priority will be to deal with Covid-19. However, the real dimension of agricultural budget politics in several general directorates is still fairly dynamic. adaptation (Nurpadilah, 2018).
Some of the obstacles where agricultural economic political policies are still unable to seek the emergence of competitive companies and entrepreneurs based on disruptive innovation can be seen in indicators that the industrial revolution 4.0 implementation in Indonesia has not been successful. Among the reasons are: 1. Low-cost human resources. The majority of the farmers are over 40 years old, and 70% have only an elementary school education or less.
The opportunity for innovation is limited. This age factor, which is already less productive, impedes the process of thought reactualization (Mustapa, 2017). Something that will appeal to the millennial generation. Another factor is that large-scale development projects involving APBN capital are unhealthy in the field, both bureaucratically and ecologically, because they contribute to the destruction of peatland ecosystems (Ridhoi, 2020).

Agricultural Land Condition in
Second, import policies must be reconsidered because, in addition to harming farmers, they can cause market distortions. More efforts should be made to achieve self-sufficiency in meeting domestic and export needs, so the political orientation of rice estate-based self-sufficiency in food should be observer (Wardhiani, 2019). This is required for long-term agricultural development (H. Mustapa et al., 2021).
Third, the impact of Covid-19 on the minimum budget absorption, particularly in 2021, should be used as an opportunity to be more selective in choosing focus. In this case, investment should be directed toward increasing the number of farmers. Farmers as agricultural actors began to lose their clout.
The average farmer has reached retirement age. The projected presence of millennial farmers must be taken more seriously in order to create a bright ecosystem in the future.
Fourth, the government should pay more attention to multidisciplinary development based on networking and digital marketing, particularly in terms of providing a paradigm foundation for the millennial generation, which is expected to fill the void of agricultural actors in the future. Existing agricultural vocational schools, as well as students majoring in agriculture and relevant ones, must focus on program development through sustainable stimulants and an emphasis on applied technology.
These various efforts must be accompanied by the integration of all existing systems and instruments, both at the ministry of agriculture and in related sectors such as institutions affiliated with the ministry of finance, in order to achieve the best

CONCLUSION
The government's political will to mobilize resources, both fiscally and in terms of creating a competitive agricultural industry ecosystem, must be taken more seriously. Agricultural policy should focus on developing companies and entrepreneurs capable of disruptive innovation. In this case, the expansion of companies and agricultural entrepreneurs who are capable, strong, and able to see opportunities that the old players do not see.
Furthermore, the government's political and economic policies must dare to encourage agricultural investment in the spirit of disruptive innovation. When the government and banks are unable to address the issue, the private sector can step in. Unfortunately, in the strategic food sector, people are generally hesitant to take risks. In comparison to the non-food sector, such as palm oil, the advantages are enticing.