Political Expressionism of Women Politicians Amidst the Discourse of the Patriarchal Paradox
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/politicon.v8i1.52456Keywords:
Political Expression, Women Politicians, Patriarchy, economic equality, BantenAbstract
The barriers in expressing political missions for women politicians are due to the dominance of patriarchal structures. This article aims to discuss the dialectic of political expressionism of Banten women politicians amidst the paradox of patriarchy in the organization of political parties and their existence in parliament. Political expressionism is a perspective that attempts to describe the expression of political attitudes and ideas that tend to be emotional and reflective. Therefore, the political expressionism of women politicians is an expression of sentimental political attitudes and ideas of women politicians due to the mental pressure of double burdens, gender discrimination and symbolic violence. A qualitative approach with a transcendental phenomenological is used to explain the "common meaning of their lived experience" of 12 women politicians (Party chairpersons, members of the provincial and district/city DPRD, and legislative candidates who failed to be elected). We use coding analysis of Creswell’s phenomenology specifically epoche, significant statement, meaning unit, textural and structural description. The findings of this research are: First, women politicians are able to provide new meanings and values in political dynamics based on the manifestation of their political expressionism. The focus of the political expression of women politicians in Banten are four forms, namely resistence, conformity, existence, dan subservience; Second, the models of patriarchal paradox that makes women subordination, violence and double burdens (face the dilemma of dual identity in the public and domestic spheres), are successfully negotiated by the struggle of women politicians through authentic communication and expression strategies that increase the legitimacy of the role of women politicians. This research contributes to the development of political science through the combination with the discipline of art "expressionism" and a gender perspective in dissecting the power relations between the existence of women politicians and the discourse of the patriarchal paradox.
References
Anwar, K., Udjiwati, L., & Aslamiah, W. (2025). Analisis Kebijakan Partai Politik dalam Memenuhi Ketentuan Kuota 30 % Keterwakilan Perempuan dalam Pencalonan Anggota Legislatif ( Studi Pada Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2024 di Kabupaten Ngawi ). Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Politik, 10(2), 306–323. https://doi.org/10.36982/jpp.v10i2.5256
Arat, Y. (1989). The Patriarchal Paradox: Women Politicians in Turkey. Associated University Presses.
Aspinall, E., White, S., & Savirani, A. (2021). Women’s Political Representation in Indonesia: Who Wins and How? Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 40(1), 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103421989720
Aula, M. R. (2023). Isu Gender Mengenai Keterwakilan Perempuan Dalam Kehidupan Politik di Indonesia. Jurnal Politikom Indonesiana, 8(2), 186–201.
Azmy, A. S., & Ambarwati. (2024). Gender dan Politik (Edisi Pert). KENCANA.
Baker, K., & Palmieri, S. (2021). Can women dynasty politicians disrupt social norms of political leadership? A proposed typology of normative change. International Political Science Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/01925121211048298
Bassiouni, M. Cherif., & Beetham, D. (1998). Democracy : its principles and achievement. Inter-parliamentary Union.
Benstead, L. J. (2021). Conceptualizing and measuring patriarchy: The importance of feminist theory. Mediterranean Politics, 26(2), 234–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2020.1729627
Bower, L. J. (2024). The thorn in feminism’s side: black feminist reconceptualization and defence of #tradwives and the #tradwife movement. Journal of Gender Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2024.2423198
Bryan, A., Pope, S., & Rankin-Wright, A. J. (2021). On the Periphery: Examining Women’s Exclusion From Core Leadership Roles in the “Extremely Gendered” Organization of Men’s Club Football in England. Gender and Society, 35(6), 940–970. https://doi.org/10.1177/08912432211046318
Burkinshaw, P., & White, K. (2020). Generation, Gender, and Leadership: Metaphors and Images. Frontiers in Education, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.517497
Caravantes, P., Elizondo, A., & Lombardo, E. (2024). Gendering democracy: feminist parliamentary responses to opposition against gender equality. Journal of Gender Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2024.2427200
Carli, L. L., & Eagly, A. H. (2001). Gender, hierarchy, and leadership: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 629–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00232
Charles, M., Friedland, R., Afary, J., & Yang, R. (2023). Complicating Patriarchy: Gender Beliefs of Muslim Facebook Users in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia. Gender and Society, 37(1), 91–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/08912432221137909
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design : Choosing Among Five Approaches (Fourth Edi). SAGE Publication.
Damayanti, K., Anisti, C. N., Rizanul, R. C., & Ummah, A. (2024). Analisis Kebijakan Kuota 30 % Keterwakilan Perempuan dalam Politik Indonesia. Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Humaniora, 4(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53697/iso.v4i2.2026
Dewi, K. H., Kusumanigtyas, A. N., Ekawati, E., & Soebhan, S. R. (2018). Modal, Strategi dan Jaringan Perempuan Politisi dalam Kandidasi Pilkada Langsung. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 15(2), 267–288.
Epiphania Rnh, A., Hutahaean, M., & Lumban Tobing, A. (2025). Perempuan dan Patriarki Politik: Pola Violence Against Women in Politics dan Dinamika Politik di DPR RI Periode 2014-2019 Hingga 2024-2029. Journal of Laguna Geography, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.52562/joulage.v4i1.1532
Gaunder, A. (2015). Quota nonadoption in Japan: The role of the women’s movement and the opposition. Politics and Gender, 11(1), 176–186. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X1400066X
Gumelar, R. G., Ahmad, I., & Mukhroman, I. (2021). Pengaruh transaksional elit politik terhadap model komunikasi politik pilwalkot Kota Serang 2018. Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, 9(1), 94–107.
Gustianda, N. (2024). Menelusuri Pemahaman Patriarki Dalam Tafsir Q.S. An-Nisa:34 dan Impikasinya Terhadap Tren Penurunan Pernikahan di Indonesia. Jurnal Keislaman, 7(2), 521–533. https://doi.org/10.54298/jk.v7i2.261
Hamid, A. (2010). Memetakan Aktor Politik Lokal Banten Pasca Orde Baru: Studi Kasus Kiai dan Jawara di Banten. Jurnal Politika, I(2), 32–45.
Harahap, A. F., Jakimow, T., Siahaan, A. Y., & Yumasdaleni. (2023). Is money an insurmountable barrier to women’s political representation in transactional democracies? Evidence from North Sumatera, Indonesia. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 11(4), 733–749. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2022.2041442
Johnston, K., & Houston, J. (2018). Representative bureaucracy: does female police leadership affect gender-based violence arrests? International Review of Administrative Sciences, 84(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852315619222
Jovani, A. (2024). Perempuan di Parlemen Lokal: Pengalaman dari Nusa Tenggara Timur (M. A. Birowo, Ed.). UKI Press.
Khoiriyah, I. M., & Mahardhikasih, Q. (2025). PARADOKS KELUARGA SAKINAH: RELASI KUASA DAN WACANA. AT-THARIQ: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Budaya, 05(01), 1–11.
Kroeber, C. (2021). How parties led by a woman redefine their positions: Empirical evidence for women’s green, alternative and libertarian agenda. European Journal of Political Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12449
Mayrudin, Y. M., Nurrohman, B., & Astuti, D. S. (2022). Eksistensi Politik Kader Perempuan pada Pengorganisasian Partai-partai Politik. Ijd-Demos, 4(3), 1071–1090. https://doi.org/10.37950/ijd.v4i3.323
Mayrudin, Y. M., Utami, W. K., & Irawan, P. (2023). Dinamika Politik Catch-all atas Eksistensi Perempuan di Partai Demokrat dan Partai Keadilan Sejahtera Wilayah Banten. Jurnal Transformative, 9(2), 127–145. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.transformative.2023.009.02.1
Mayrudin, Y. M., Utami, W. K., Irawan, P., & Afala, L. O. M. (2025). Catch-all Politics of Women Politicians in Organizing Political Parties in Banten Province. Journal of Governance, 10(3), 519–532. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.62870/jog.v10i3.31889
Mudeng, J., & Siswanto, W. (2012). Penerapan Prinsip Prinsip Seni Ekspresionisme Dalam Rancangan Arsitektur. Jurnal Arsitektur DASENG, 1(1), 30–36.
Nimrah dan Sakaria, S. (2015). Perempuan Dan Budaya Patriarki Dalam Politik (Studi Kasus Kegagalan Caleg Perempuan Dalam Pemilu Legislative 2014 ). The POLITICS: Jurnal Magister Ilmu Politik Universitas Hasanuddin, 1(2), 2407–9138.
Nurrohman, B., Mayrudin, Y. M., Astuti, D. S., & Maharani, R. (2023). Aktivisme Politik Kaum Perempuan dalam Partai Politik: Studi Fenomenologi pada Politisi Perempuan di Banten. Journal of Political Issues, 4(2), 137–151. https://doi.org/10.33019/jpi.v4i2.81
Prager, L. (2020). Emirati Women Leaders in the Cultural Sector: From “state Feminism” to Empowerment? Hawwa, 18(1), 51–74. https://doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341370
Prihatini, E. S. (2020). Women and social media during legislative elections in Indonesia. Women’s Studies International Forum, 83, 102417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2020.102417
Restu, A. H., Nurhadi, Z. F., & Yatnosaputro, R. U. D. S. (2025). A Situational Publics Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Syakur-Putri Political Campaign in Mobilizing Public Engagement during the 2024 Garut Regional Election Kajian Situational Public terhadap Efektivitas Kampanye Politik Syakur- Putri dalam Membangu. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 14(1), 100–109. https://doi.org/10.21070/kanal.v14i1.1929
Ruprecht, S., & Zumbrunn, A. (2025). Not Tough Enough? Gender Stereotypes and Vote Choice in Switzerland. Journal of Women, Politics and Policy, 46(1), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554477X.2024.2338587
Sofiani, T. (2021). Access to Justice for Victims of Dating Violence: Gender Perspective. Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender, 16(1), 59–84. https://doi.org/10.21580/sa.v16i1.5143
Sudarsono, A. B. (2024). Politik Perempuan Perempuan Politik. Repository Universitas Satya Negara Indonesia, 1–168.
Supardjo, S. (2012). Ekspresionisme Sebagai Pendekatan Perancangan Arsitektur. Media Matrasain, 9(1), 14–20.
Susanto, N. H. (2015). Tantangan Mewujudkan Kesetaraan Gender dalam Budaya Patriarki. Jurnal Muwazah, 7(2), 120–130.
Toshkov, D., & Cretti, G. (2024). Who is Afraid of More Women in Politics, and Why? An Analysis of Public Opinion in 28 European Countries. Journal of Women, Politics and Policy, 45(3), 296–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554477X.2023.2256612
Verge, T. (2024). Feministizising Policymaking in Practice: How Gender and Politics Scholarship Inspires Government Policy, and Vice Versa. Politics and Gender, 20(4), 1015–1021. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X24000485
Widyastuti, Y., & Listyaningsih. (2013). Peran Strategis Kaukus Perempuan Politik Indonesia Kota Serang, Propinsi Banten. Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 4(2).
Wiratraman, H. P. (2021). Rasisme dan Penerapan Pasal Makar terhadap Kebebasan Ekspresi Politik Papua. Undang: Jurnal Hukum, 4(1), 49–80. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.4.1.49-80
Wulandari, L., Rahmawati, R., & Rosdiana, H. (2023). Hambatan Keterwakilan Politik Perempuan Di Indonesia. Journal of Politics and Democracy Studies (JPDS), 4(2), 168–186.
Yuliatin, Y. (2019). Relasi Laki-Laki dan Perempuan di Ruang Domestik dan Publik Menurut Pemahaman Elit Pesantren Salafiyyah di Jambi. Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam, 18(2), 161. https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2019.182.161-171
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yeby Ma'asan Mayrudin, M. Dian Hikmawan, Moh. Rizky Godjali, Herlina
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
.jpg)
