Evaluation of Policy Impact on Household Waste Management: A Case Study of Marine Pollution at Panipahan

This study aims to determine the impact of household waste management policies at the Panipahan Rokan Hilir port and the role of the Environmental Service in handling household waste in Rokan Hilir. The data analysis used is a qualitative descriptive analysis recommended by Miles and Huberman: Data Reduction, Presentation of Data, and Summarizing and Verification of Results. Data collection techniques include observations, interviews (structured and in-depth with informants), and documentation. The results of the research show that the Evaluation of Policy Impacts in Household Waste Management in a Case Study of Marine Pollution at Panipahan Rokan Hilir Port With the Theory of Policy Impacts, that are: Household Waste Management Policy (Case Study of Pollution at the Panipahan Rokan Hilir Port, it does not have an individual impact on the Panipahan community, both psychological impacts, environmental impacts, economic impacts, and social and personal impacts. No effect on the community in Panipahan, Rokan Hilir Regency, and has not had an impact on social institutions and systems in Panipahan, Rokan Hilir Regency. have done the Task. Its function is from Environmental Pollution Prevention Services and Management of Household Waste and similar Household Wastes quite well. However, it is still not optimal, and this can be seen from the existence of Pollution in the Panipahan Sea due to household waste and similar types of household waste.


Introduction
The development of the population is increasing day by day, and this causes various environmental problems. The more the population grows, the more household waste is generated. Therefore, a high population will result in a high volume of waste generated from households. Law No. 18 of 2008 explains that waste is the residue from the process of daily human activities or natural processes in solid form. This definition seems to give the impression of waste as a tangible object that has no use value for humans. Hence, most people think of waste as an object that must be immediately removed at any cost. This mindset is shared by most people, especially people in Indonesia.
The Household Waste Sector is the most significant contributor of waste nationally, around 48%. The increase in population will undoubtedly be directly proportional to the volume of household waste: the more residents, the more potential for household waste and similar household waste to be produced. Household waste and similar household waste come from daily activities in the household as well as those from commercial areas, industrial areas, industrial areas, and industrial areas. Exceptional facilities, social facilities, public facilities, and other facilities except for feces and specific waste that require unique management, but most people do not know if the waste they produce can still be processed for further use to encourage the creation of a waste-free environmental area. Zero waste).
In 2020, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) stated that the national waste generation amounted to 67.8 million tons/year, consisting of organic waste with a percentage of 57%, plastic waste at 15%, paper waste at 11% and other waste. by 17%. The composition of waste based on the source is from households by 32.4%, traditional markets by 21.7%, commercial centres by 13.9%, public facilities by 11%, offices by 9.9%, areas by 6.1%, and others by 5%. TQuickcalculations from the Coordinating Team for the National Secretariat for Handling Marine Debris at the Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment, the total waste entering the sea in 2020 is estimated to reach 521,540 tons, of which around 12,785 tons come from activities at sea. Of that amount, plastic waste is recorded at approximately 6.8 million tons per year, 4.2 million tons of which have not been appropriately managed, and about half a million more go into the sea.
Clean and healthy seas lead to abundant marine fish that can help increase people's income. However, what is happening now is that fishermen's catches are decreasing. The decrease in yield is caused by coastal and marine pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to control it because it can cause losses in this fishing business. This pollution is caused by waste from both households and industries. Environmental Protection and Management (UUPPLH) adheres to the principle of sustainable development and is environmentally sound, regulated by Law Number 32 of 2009, which states that the declining quality of the environment has threatened the environment and the survival of human beings and other living creatures, so it is necessary to protect the environment. Therefore, severe and consistent environmental management by all stakeholders so that the environment is far from the pollution that can damage the current and future environmental order.
The Rokan Hilir Regency Government makes a Policy through Regent Regulation No. 92 of 2018 concerning Policies and Strategies for the Rokan Hilir Regency in the Management of Household Waste and Household Waste, which regulates how to handle and reduce household waste and similar household waste in Rokan Hilir Regency in the period from 2018 to 2025, as well as Regional Regulation No. 06 of 2017 concerning Waste Management. Furthermore, facing challenges related to Environmental Impact issues for the next few years and taking into account the current condition of society, the Rokan Hilir Regency Development Vision to be realized in 2021 is "The realization of Rokan Hilir as an Industrial Estate to lead a prosperous civil society and independent". The Environmental Service of Rokan Hilir Regency, to maintain the environment in Rokan Hilir related to the problem of household waste and similar household waste in Rokan Hilir, has provided trash cans to strategic locations in the Bagan Readyiapi area and the Bagan Batu area. Still, it has not been evenly distributed throughout remote areas, including residential areas around the port of Panipahan. As a result, many household plastic wastes are dumped into the sea or the beach. This, of course, will pollute the sea and the beach. The more plastic waste in the ocean, the greater the threat to the sustainability of marine or coastal ecosystems. Likewise, in Panipahan Port, the amount of waste is increasing daily.
Garbage in the Rokan Hilir area is transported daily by cleaners using the Rokan Hilir Environmental Service (DLH) operational car, which reaches 4 tons/day. However, the waste has not been sorted. All parties need to be aware because waste is a national problem. If not taken seriously, it can lead to disaster. Handling the waste problem in Rokan Hilir has been regulated by Regional Regulation No. 06 of 2017 concerning Waste Management.
Rokan Hilir Regency also faces the problem of pollution in rivers and the coast by industrial activities and settlements along the river and the East coast. Upstream industrial activities that process forest resources, plantations, and mining, such as palm oil processing industry, residential areas, commercial and service activities, and others that sometimes throw their waste into rivers, have degraded river and coastal water quality. The environment should be kept clean and beautiful. This is related to aesthetics. Besides not causing pollution, it will also create comfort for all parties, including the port environment, because the port is the entrance and exit for community and government activities. Even if the port environment is managed correctly, it will be able to become a tourist area-future income for the Rokan Hilir Regency area through the Panipahan Port.
Observations by researchers in the field show that the load of waste in the Panipahan port environment tends to increase from time to time. It is a wrong thought if household waste/garbage is dumped into the sea. It is not dangerous because if it is in the ocean, it will impact the sea, which causes environmental pollution. Therefore, it has become very urgent to make efforts to anticipate pollution in the form of prevention and control of environmental impacts and improvements. The survey results in the field for one week that the researcher focused on the Panipahan Headquarters consisting of 1,206 families and 4,799 people. Researchers have interviewed several residents about the waste dumped into the sea. From this, several interviews are used as data material to determine the volume of waste generated by the Panipahan community.
The waste data is taken from each community activity that disposes of household waste and a type of marine household waste in Panipahan, while the amount of trash disposed of at sea in Panipahan can be seen in the following table:  Table 1 shows that household waste and similar waste are disposed of in the sea quite often. If it is ± 26 kg per day, it can be ± 780 kg per month when viewed from the handling of household waste and similar types of household waste by the Rokan Regency Environmental Service. Downstream, around the Port of Panipahan, is certainly not optimal, and there is pollution in the sea. Follow-up services for public complaints due to allegations of pollution and/or environmental damage in Rokan Halir Regency have not met the Target, information from the Pollution section of the Rokan Hilir Regency Environmental Service that there is marine pollution around Panipahan Port due to the large amount of garbage dumped by the community into the sea, then based on this, the researcher is interested in researching Evaluation of the Impact of Household Waste Management Policies: a Case Study of Marine Pollution at Panipahan Rokan Hilir Port.

Methods
The type of research used is qualitative research (Creswell, 2016). The location of this research was conducted at Panipahan Port, Rokan Hilir Regency. The researcher chose informants who were considered to know about the research problem: the Head of the Environmental Service (DLH) Rokal Hilir, Head of the Field and Section for Pollution and Environmental Damage Control, Ka. And the Officers of the Class III Panipahan Port Management Office, Environmental Activists in Rohil and community leaders around Panipahan Port. In this study, the data collection techniques carried out by researchers were through three methods of observation, interviews and documentation. The steps in qualitative descriptive data analysis recommended by Miles and Huberman (1992) are reduction, data presentation, inference and verification, and data presentation.

Impact Evaluation of Household Waste Management Policy: a Case Study of Marine Pollution at Panipahan Rokan Hilir Port
Every policy issued or determined by the central and regional governments must have a purpose. For example, public policy aims to create order, protect people's rights, create peace and order in society, and create community welfare. Likewise, policies for managing household waste and similar household waste in Rokan Hilir, especially around the Panipahan Rokan Port. Downstream, so to find out the evaluation of the impact of the policy, the researcher uses the theory according to (Wibawa, 1994), which will be explained as follows:

Psychological Impact
The environment will have an impact on the soul of a person or individual, a beautiful and comfortable environment will certainly provide comfort for every individual Environmental pollution is indeed a problem that should receive attention, not only from the government but participation from all communities and all institutions around the environment, including The Panipahan Port Organizing Office, related to this, the researchers also tried to obtain information from the Panipahan Class III Port Management Office, who felt and saw firsthand how household waste and similar household waste were dumped into the sea around the Panipahan port.

Environmental Impact
Regarding Environmental Impacts around Panipahan Rokan Hilir Port, researchers will obtain information by asking community leaders about the physical, biological and social environmental impacts of this matter. Managing household waste and similar household waste in the port environment is still not visible in terms of its reduction and handling. For example, there is no recycling of waste and so on. The clam ponds complained that the shells were dead, presumably due to the large number of shells caught in the plastic waste.

Economic Impact
The policy for the management of household waste and similar household waste in Panipahan has not had an impact on the community's economy, even though if the policy is appropriately implemented, waste management can be carried out in the sense that the community can be empowered in sorting and reducing waste in Panipahan. Waste that has been sorted and recycled will have economic value, or the trash can be sold to increase residents' income in Panipahan. On the other hand, there is a reduction in household waste and similar types of household waste in Panipahan.

Social and Personal Impact
Fardani (2012) states that a social impact is a form of effect or influence that occurs because of something. The power in question is the result that occurs in the community because an incident affects the community or other things in society. The policy for the management of household waste and similar types of household waste does not have an individual impact on the community around Panipahan Harbor, both in terms of the Psychological Impact of each individual around the Panipahan Port, the impact on the economy of each community, which is around the Panipahan port, as well as Environmental and Social Impacts and individual community personnel around Panipahan Port.

Organizational Impact
The impact of a policy can be felt by an organization or group, either directly or indirectly. The direct impact can be in the form of disruption or assistance in achieving organizational or group goals. Meanwhile, a policy can also indirectly impact an organization or group, for example, by increasing the morale and discipline of the members of the organization or group itself. Regarding what was conveyed by the Penghulu Panipahan City Mr Edi Syahrial that there has never been any Socialization on Waste Management household and a kind of household waste. The policy for managing household waste and similar household waste in Rokan Hilir has not impacted the organization around Paniphan Port because the policy has not yet reached the Panipahan area, especially around Panipahan Port.

Impacts on Society
The impact on society by a policy shows how the policy affects the capacity of the community to serve its members because society is a unit that fits its members. Achievements in the field are far from the targets mentioned above, let alone the percentage of marks that have been determined from the number of sub-districts that implement this policy, which is still tiny, only reaching 29.4% or five sub-districts out of seventeen sub-districts in Rokan Hilir. This is because marine pollution in Panipahan can no longer be hidden. It can be seen that there is a lot of garbage in the sea. For the people of Rokan Hilir in general, Panipahan, especially the view of garbage in the sea, is not an extraordinary thing because the average community does throw household waste into the sea, even become a habit of the existing community who live around the port.
The garbage problem in Panipahan is very worrying because it has affected fishermen's catches around the coast, which was the distance to find fish not too far from residential areas. Still, now fishermen have to go to sea for several miles from settlements. Until now, the government has not paid attention to the waste problem in Panipahan because land for the TPA has not been provided, including the staff. There was once a garbage cleaning activity around the Panipahan Sea organized by the directorate general of sea transportation, namely the clean beach movement, carried out simultaneously in all Indonesian ports. In Panipahan, the organizer of the activity was carried out by the Panipahan Class III UPP Office. The waste that has been collected is burned by borrowing community land in mainland areas. This is the first and last activity to campaign for marine cleanliness in Panipahan.
Regarding the allotment of the emperor's motorbike, it is used to transport sick people because instead of not being used, there is no cleaning staff, even though it should not be necessary to sit down with interested parties and even involve the community so that the use of household waste transportation can be allocated accordingly. And at least the Garbage problem in Panipahan can be handled according to existing capabilities. Based on the explanation above, some of the informants above show that the impact on the community from the Policy on Management of Household Waste and similar household waste in Rokan Hilir Regency can be concluded researchers are still very low. Even for the Panipahan area, there is no. It is only in the planning stage that marine pollution has occurred.

Impacts on Social Institution
Several indicators can be used as basic guidelines to see whether a Social System is weak or not, namely:

Overloaded
In Rokan Hilir Regency in general, especially in Panipahan, the social burden related to environmental cleanliness is very high, or it can be said that it is overloaded because the awareness of the community is still deficient in participating in protecting the environment in Rokan Hilir in general and in Panipahan in particular. this is that the Rokan Hilir Environmental Service also has limited capabilities in dealing with the problem of household waste and similar types of household waste in Rokan Hilir in general and Panipahan in particular, resulting in Marine Pollution at the Panipahan Port.

Uneven distribution
The Rokan Hilir Environmental Service has the task of assisting the Regent of Rokan Hilir in realizing the objectives of the Policy on Management of Household Waste and Types of Household Waste. Still, from 2019 the policy was made until now 3 (three) years are left, and 2 (two) years are left. Again, the achievement of the policy's objectives is still not significant. It is related from the side of the distribution of labour.

Inventory of resources that are considered insufficient
The resource is a potential possessed by material or other elements in life where it can improve human welfare. Human Resources are resources that exist in humans themselves. In humans, there are energy, expertise and personality that become resources, where the better the power, knowledge and character in an area, the better the area will be. Natural resources are resources that come from nature. They can be processed into something valuable goods or services.
Based on the description above shows how vital Human Resources and Natural Resources are for an Institution and Social System in Rokan Hilir, especially in Panipahan. There is a reciprocal relationship between Human Resources and other Natural Resources (water, land, air, etc.). Environmental pollution caused by human activities will result in poor quality natural resources. Natural resources are environmental elements consisting of biological, non-biological and artificial resources so that environmental conditions change the availability of natural resources and vice versa. The impact of the policy on managing household waste or similar types of household waste by the government of Rokan Hilir Regency in Panipahan, seen from the effects of institutions and social systems in terms of resource supply, is still considered lacking and has not had any impact.
Garbage disposal sites in Panipahan are not available to the general public, only near the Panipahan Class III Port Organizing Office. Coordination is a process of a series of activities in the context of integrating and aligning goals and work plans that have been set in all elements, functional areas and departments to produce a uniform and harmonious action effectively and efficiently. In an organization, coordination must be given by superiors in completing tasks so that the delivery of information becomes clear and the division of work to subordinates is in accordance with the authority received. From the explanation about Coordination above, the Rokan Hilir Regency Government Policies and Strategies regarding the Management of Household Waste and Types of Household Waste in Rokan Hilir Regency have not been appropriately realised because one of them is the problem of poor coordination. How is the coordination between the related parties, in this case, the Port Operator, the Head Office, the District and the Rokan Hilir Environmental Services?
Similar to the decline in legitimacy, the decline in trust is also a public problem. To government administrators, faith involves taking the risk of two parties, knowing that the actions of one party can materially affect the other party. The decline in trust could be due to problems with integrity, performance and leadership policies. In connection with issues in work the Environmental Service of Rokan Hilir Regency regarding the Management of Household Waste and Similar Types of Household Waste in Rokan Hilir, that there were indeed mistakes that occurred, this is in line with what was delivered by the Head of the Roka Hilir Environmental Service.
Based on the information that the researcher got above, the researcher can say that the Rokan Hilir Environmental Service has carried out a Correction Mechanism in accordance with the existing problems and SOPs in carrying out Waste Management in Rikan Hilir. The rules apply according to what is said by the Head of Service and Head of the Division. Control, Pollution and Environmental Damage of Rokan Hilir, but corrections to the performance of the Environmental Service of Rokan Hilir Regency, which is only 5 (Five) Districts out of 17 (Seventeen), have not been carried out. Therefore, the researcher can say that the Correction Mechanism is closed because if it exists, the Correction Mechanism for the Performance of the Environmental Service in Quantity should reach all the existing Districts, namely 17 (Seventeen) Districts, regardless of the factors that lead to the optimal performance of the Environmental Service or not. The life of Rokan Hilir Regency, but regarding the Impact of the Policy on Management of Household Waste or Household Similar Waste in Panipahan, there is no correction mechanism because the Management of Household Waste and Similar Waste has not been carried out. It is only an effort to plan.
Overall, the researcher can say that the Policy for Management of Waste and Similar Household Waste in Panipahan is good in terms of Overloading; unequal distribution, insufficient supply of resources, weak adaptation, poor coordination, decreased legitimacy, decreased trust, and closed correction mechanisms, have no impact on existing Institutions and Social Systems.

The Role of the Environmental Service of Rokan Hilir Regency in Handling Waste in Rokan Hilir Regency
The Rokan Hilir Regency Environmental Service has also made efforts to handle environmental pollution. The Achievement of Service Performance of the Environmental Service of Rokan Hilir Regency for the period 2018 -2020 related to Environmental Pollution can be seen in the following table:  Table 2 demonstrates an increase in the Performance Achievement of the Environmental Service of Rokan Hilir Regency from 2018 to 2019 by 2% and from 2019 to 2020 by 8% for Environmental Pollution and Destruction Control Programs/ Activities. However, the increase is still tiny but shows promising progress in that, in general, there has been an increase in control over pollution or environmental damage in Rokan Hilir Regency.
Achievements for Programs/Activities and Follow-Ups on Public Complaints due to allegations of Environmental Pollution in Rokan Hilir Regency have not increased yearly, nor have any reductions. It should be further improved to monitor more pollution, including in the Panipahan Sea. Following up on public complaints regarding Alleged Pollution is necessary because Pollution can be overcome and solutions are found. With the Program/Activity to Increase the Role of the Community in Environmental Control, which will be carried out in 2020, it is hoped that the Program/Activity and Follow-up on Public Complaints due to allegations of Environmental pollution in the future will increase. Unfortunately, there are no programs/activities to increase the role of the community in environmental control from 2018 to 2019. Still, in 2020 the Rokan Hilir Regency Environmental Service carried out 2 (two) activities to increase the role of the community in environmental control in Rokan Hilir Regency with the Program. This activity is expected to increase the part of the community in Rokan Hilir Regency in Controlling Environmental Pollution, including that which occurred in the Panipahan Sea.
Efforts to bring order to the community in disposing of waste in Rokan Hilir Regency have regulated sanctions, according to Regent Regulation 59 of 2019, for business actors or people caught littering. And it will be implemented starting in January 2021. The implementation of the sanctions is in collaboration with the Satpol PP. With the enactment of this sanction rule, it is hoped that indiscriminate waste disposal can be reduced in the future so that it can avoid environmental pollution, both on land and at sea. Performance Achievement Achievement of the Service Performance of the Environmental Service of Rokan Hilir Regency regarding Solid Waste in Rokan Hilir Regency in 2018-2020 can be seen in the following table: The performance achievement of the Rokan Hilir Regency Environmental Service in the solid waste sector is still low. However, the Waste Management Performance Development Program has increased yearly, from 2018 to 2019 by 5% and from 2019 to 2020 by 8%. Then when viewed from the Maintenance Program and Management of Final Disposal Sites (TPA) in Rokan Hilir Regency in terms of quantity is very little for 3 (Three) Years, there are only 3 (three) only, while when compared to the area of 8.881.59 km2 or 888.159 ha, the comparison is 1: 2,960.53 ha especially the condition of the location of Rokan Hilir Regency consisting of several rivers and islands.
The Rokan Hilir Motorcycle Procurement Program for the Rokan Hilir Environment Service does not increase every year, only 3 (three) pieces, even though the volume of waste is increasing every year in Rokan Hilir Regency, but it is understandable if the information submitted is related to the budget, especially Currently there has been a Covid-19 Pandemic. However, this has shown that the Rokan Hilir Regency Environmental Service has made efforts to complete the facilities and infrastructure, namely waste transportation equipment for handling waste in Rokan Hilir Regency. Waste management in Rokan Hilir Regency. Rokan Hilir Environmental Service to improve the quality of the environment in Rokan Hilir Regency, one of the programs/activities carried out is Capacity Building for Community / Apparatus for Waste Management through Socialization of Waste Management. It is hoped that through socialization, both the apparatus and the public will understand waste management. Therefore, it will be easy to do or help the management of household waste and similar types of household waste in the Rokan Hilir Regency. Still, the most important thing is the willingness to do it because if you know and understand, you don't want to do the same as lying.
To handle waste in Rokan Hilir Regency, the Rokan Hilir Environmental Service has also made a program/activity for procuring materials and equipment for composting fertilizer processing. This is done so that it can be given to residents or community groups who want to make compost in Rokan Hilir Regency. Still, not all people are enthusiastic about this, even though this is also one of the efforts in dealing with waste. Instead of garbage being wasted, waste can be made into compost for plant fertilizers, it can be used alone, or it can also be sold. This benefits all parties.
Another essential role of the Environmental Service of Rokan Hilir Regency is to conduct Waste Bank Management Training in Rokan Hilir Regency. The Waste Bank Program is a program to maintain environmental cleanliness. A garbage bank is a bank that is used to collect sorted waste. Garbage storage bins are managed by a system such as banking. There is a customer savings book that sells waste. Volunteers carry out the management. The waste bank is one strategy to increase public awareness to be "friendly" with garbage to obtain direct economic benefits from waste.
The existence of the Garbage Bank in Rokan Hilir Regency has been around for a long time. Since 2012, Garbage Bank has been established, namely the Barokah Garbage Bank, located in Mukti Jaya Village, Rimba Melintang District, one of the sub-districts in Rokan Hilir Regency. To manage household waste and similar types of household waste, the Environment Agency of Rokan Hilir Regency has made partnerships or Waste Management Cooperation with other parties. The Performance Achievement of the Rokan Hilir Regency Environmental Service that from 2019 to 2020, there was an increase of 100%, although, in 2018, there was none.

Conclusion
Based on the explanation above, the researcher can say that the Rokan Hilir Environmental Service has played a reasonably good role in handling household waste and similar types of household waste in the Rokan Hilir Regency. However, it still cannot be said to be optimal. This is because it cannot be separated from the problems faced by the Environmental Service of Rokan Hilir Regency in carrying out its main tasks and functions, among others, is the quality of personnel resources, both planners and technical personnel who have limited competence.
Lack of awareness, understanding, commitment, and participation of stakeholders in environmental management and sustainable use of natural resources. Coordination of integration, synchronization, and synergy between regions, spaces, time, government functions, and the centre and areas are still low. There is not yet a comprehensive environmental management plan as material for formulating environmental protection and management policies. Environmental law enforcement is not yet optimal. There is still a lack of ecological management facilities, including facilities for controlling pollution and environmental damage, and Inadequate availability of environmental data and information.