Integrating E-Collaboration and Equity Crowdfunding in Smart Village Governance for Sustainable Tourism Development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/jpan.v18i1.55151Keywords:
Smart village governance, e-collaboration, equity crowdfunding, tourism village, hybrid governance, collaborative governance, Majalengka RegencyAbstract
This study examines the fragmentation of tourism village governance across three critical dimensions digital governance, collaborative governance, and financial accountability and proposes an integrated e-collaboration smart village model grounded in equity crowdfunding principles. Set in Gunung kuning Village, Majalengka Regency, West Java, Indonesia, the study employs an exploratory qualitative approach, combining semi-structured in-depth interviews with key governance informants, field observations, document review, and a Small Group Discussion. Thematic analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti to ensure analytical rigor and transparency. The findings reveal that digital governance in the village remains confined to administrative and promotional functions, with no integrated digital coordination system among governance actors. Collaborative governance is largely informal, relying on interpersonal networks rather than institutionalized mechanisms, while financial governance lacks transparency instruments and innovative financing alternatives. Equity crowdfunding emerges as a theoretically promising but practically underutilized financing mechanism and is examined in this study as a prospective governance-financing pathway rather than an empirically implemented intervention. On this empirical basis, the study develops a four-layer hybrid governance model comprising Input, Governance Process, Readiness, and Output layers that integrates digital systems, structured multi-stakeholder collaboration, and accountable financial mechanisms. The proposed model is primarily conceptual in nature, as equity crowdfunding has not yet been implemented in the study site. It constitutes a theoretical contribution to public administration and rural governance scholarship by bridging the previously fragmented literatures on smart villages, e-collaboration, and participatory financing within a single analytical framework applicable to Indonesian tourism villages.
References
Abdurohim, D., Ramdan, A. M., & Novendra, A. M. (2024). Babari.Id Contract Manufacturer (Maklon) Platform To Create New Entrepreneur In West Java Indonesia: An Adoption Of Technopreneurship. Tec Empresarial, 6(1), Article 1. https://revistastecac.cr/index.php/TEC/article/view/208
Acilar, A., & Sæbø, Ø. (2021). Towards understanding the gender digital divide: A systematic literature review. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 72(3), 233–249. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-09-2021-0147
Afandi, M. N., Abdullah, S., Gedeona, H. T., & Iyogea, R. R. (2025). Improving Digital Public Service (Mall Pelayanan Publik) Delivery Through Policy Networks in Local Governments in Indonesia: Evidence from Sumedang and Karawang Sub District. 174–185. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-350-4_18
Ahwan, Z., Marzuki, Moh. E., & Muyasaroh, S. (2026). Going beyond formal governance: Indigenous social structure as a mediator of Pentahelix collaboration in the development of community-based cultural tourism, typical of the Indonesian Tengger Tribe. Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, 0(0), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/17459435.2026.2634655
Annahar, N., Widianingsih, I., Paskarina, C., & Muhtar, E. A. (2023). A bibliometric review of inclusive governance concept. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 2168839. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2168839
Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008). Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543–571. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum032
Ariesmansyah, A. (2022). Pendampingan Aparat Desa dalam Pengelolaan Kopi Liberika Desa Cipasung Kecamatan Darma Kabupaten Kuningan. FLEKSIBEL: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.31849/f7w0x245
Ariesmansyah, A., Ariffin, R. H. B., & Respati, L. A. (2023). Collaborative Governance Dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata. Jurnal EL-RIYASAH, 14(1), 58–72. https://doi.org/10.24014/jel.v14i1.25060
Ariesmansyah, A., & Rosana, M. (2024). Collaborative Governance in Creative Economy: A Case Study of the Tourism and Culture Department in Majalengka Regency. Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities, 14(1). https://ejournal.brin.go.id/jissh/article/view/9183
Aritenang, A. (2021). The Role of Social Capital on Rural Enterprises Economic Performance: A Case Study in Indonesia Villages. Sage Open, 11(3), 21582440211044178. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211044178
Basyar, M. R., Mardiyanta, A., & Setijaningrum, E. (2025). Multi-Stakeholder Analysis in Building Tourism Resilience: Collaborative Governance Implementation in the Majapahit House Heritage Area, Indonesia. Tourism and Hospitality, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6010005
Begum, M. M., & Momen, M. N. (2022). Coordination and Effective Governance. In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (pp. 2541–2546). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66252-3_2000
Castañer, X., & Oliveira, N. (2020). Collaboration, Coordination, and Cooperation Among Organizations: Establishing the Distinctive Meanings of These Terms Through a Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Management, 46(6), 965–1001. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320901565
Cumming, D. J., Vanacker, T., & Zahra, S. A. (2021). Equity Crowdfunding and Governance: Toward an Integrative Model and Research Agenda. Academy of Management Perspectives, 35(1), 69–95. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2017.0208
Davis, M., & Cartwright, L. (2019). Financing for Society: Assessing the Suitability of Crowdfunding for the Public Sector [Monograph]. University of Leeds. https://baumaninstitute.leeds.ac.uk/research/financing-for-society/
Diana, B. A., Harta, R., Susanti, E., & Budi, S. (2025). Implementation of Village Management Policy based on Digital Transformation Tamansari Village, Licin Sub-District, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java. Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara, 17(2), 594–612. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpan.v17i2.51496
Ella, S., & Andari, R. N. (2018). Developing a Smart Village Model for Village Development in Indonesia. 2018 International Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTSS.2018.8549973
Emerllahu, V., & Bogataj, D. (2024). Smart Villages as infrastructure of rural areas: Literature review and research agenda. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 22nd IFAC Conference on Technology, Culture and International Stability TECIS 2024, 58(3), 268–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.07.162
Faiza, N. A. R. (2021). Social-Economic Empowerment through Integration of Social Finance and Business of Pesantren In East Java. Annual International Conference on Islamic Economics and Business (AICIEB), 1, 375–384. https://doi.org/10.18326/aicieb.v1i0.35
Firdaus, H. S., Puthut Indroyono,Tauchid Komara Yuda,Rindu Sanubari Mashita. (2024). How Community-based Tourism Improves Community Welfare? A Practical Case Study of ‘Governing the Commons’ in Rural Nglanggeran, Indonesia - Hempri Suyatna, Puthut Indroyono, Tauchid Komara Yuda, Rindu Sanubari Mashita Firdaus, 2024. The International Journal of Community and Social Development. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/25166026241228717
Halim, D. K., Pramesti, D. S., & Permatasari, D. N. C. (2023). E-administration for collaborative governance body of green tourism villages in realizing smart villages in Bali. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1263(1), 012017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1263/1/012017
Howlett, M. (2015). Policy analytical capacity: The supply and demand for policy analysis in government. Policy and Society, Special Issue on The Dynamics of Policy Capacity, 34(3), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2015.09.002
Howlett, M. (2023). Designing Public Policies: Principles and Instruments (3rd edn). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003343431
Huberman, M., & Miles, M. B. (2002). The Qualitative Researcher’s Companion. SAGE.
Kigozi, J., Kalyango, M., Baidhe, E., Oluk, I., Jamison, A., Silberg, T., & Nalumaga, S. (2025). Human-centered design in the development of innovative technology for the food processing medium, small and micro enterprises (MSMEs) in Uganda. Journal of Engineering Research, 13(3), 1861–1869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jer.2024.05.034
Kleinert, S., Volkmann, C., & Grünhagen, M. (2020). Third-party signals in equity crowdfunding: The role of prior financing. Small Business Economics, 54(1), 341–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0125-2
Kock, N. (2008). E-Collaboration and E-Commerce In Virtual Worlds: The Potential of Second Life and World of Warcraft. International Journal of E-Collaboration (IJeC), 4(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.4018/jec.2008070101
Kristanti, D., Purnaweni, H., Dwimawanti, I. H., & Yuwono, T. (2024). Harmonizing tourism and nature conservation: A governance model for sustainable tourism villages in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1414(1), 012078. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1414/1/012078
Mariane, I., Palls, A., & Ariesmansyah, A. (2022). MODEL POLICY NETWORK DALAM MENUNJANG IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PARIWISATA DI KABUPATEN KUNINGAN. Kebijakan : Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi, 13(2), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.23969/kebijakan.v13i2.5581
Maula, N. (2025). Risk Identification In Tourism Destination: A Case Study of Terasering Panyaweuyan and Situ Cipanten In Post-Pandemic Economic Recovery. International Journal of Islamic Economic Studies, 1(1), 37–52.
Mochkabadi, K., & Volkmann, C. K. (2020). Equity crowdfunding: A systematic review of the literature. Small Business Economics, 54(1), 75–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0081-x
Monda, A., Feola, R., Parente, R., Vesci, M., & Botti, A. (2023). Rural development and digital technologies: A collaborative framework for policy-making. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 17(3), 328–343. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-12-2022-0162
Mulyana, Y. (2023). STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA BERBASIS BUDAYA DI DESA RANCAKALONG, KECAMATAN RANCAKALONG, KABUPATEN SUMEDANG. PAPATUNG: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, Pemerintahan Dan Politik, 6(1), 68–80. https://doi.org/10.54783/japp.v6i1.713
Nuraini, H., Gunarto, G., Satyawan, D. S., & . T. (2025). Leveraging Local Potential through Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration for Sustainable Tourism Village Development. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS), 23(1). https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2025-23.1.0016
Permana, D. F., Oktarina, N., Wijaya, A., Anggraeni, L. D., & Maulida, S. H. N. (2024). E-Government Program to Enhance Digital Administration in Borobudur Tourism Village. Journal of Community Empowerment, 4(2), 109–115.
Purnomo, S., & Purwandari, S. (2025). A Comprehensive Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise Empowerment Model for Developing Sustainable Tourism Villages in Rural Communities: A Perspective. Sustainability, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041368
Renukappa, S., Suresh, S., Abdalla, W., Shetty, N., Yabbati, N., & Hiremath, R. (2022). Evaluation of smart village strategies and challenges. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 13(6), 1386–1407. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-03-2022-0060
Riyanti, A., & Afriza, L. (2019). PENGEMBANGAN SITU CIPANTEN BERBASIS EKOWISATA DI KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA. Jurnal Ilmiah Pariwisata, 24(3), 184–193. https://doi.org/10.30647/jip.v24i3.1315
Sabarna, M. A. N., Purnomo, E. P., & Khairunnisa, T. (2024). Principles of Agile Governance in Digitalization Tourism Villages: Studies on E-lok in the Sambirejo Tourism Village. E3S Web of Conferences, 594, 01003. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202459401003
Sessu, A. (2025). Digitization of Village Information and Its Impact on Community Participation in Village Funds in Gowa Regency. Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Economy and Management Study, 6(4), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.47616/jamrems.v6i4.681
Sihotang, D. M., Guntur, R. D., Seta, H. B., Diana, E., & Putra, R. R. (2025). Village information systems as e-collaboration media that support sustainable tourism based on local wisdom: An ecosystem perspective. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 28(1), 145–170. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSIT-03-2025-0104
Sukaris, S., & Kirono, I. (2025). Digital Transformation For Sustainable Village Tourism. Jurnal Manajerial, 12(01), 108–124. https://doi.org/10.30587/jurnalmanajerial.v12i01.9447
Susanti, E., Alia, S., & Harta, R. (2025). Digital Empowerment in Rural Villages: Unraveling MSEs’ Path to Technological Readiness and Sustainability. Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara, 17(1), 261–282. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpan.v17i1.46514
Tomo, A., Mangia, G., Hinna, A., & Pellegrini, M. M. (2020). Making collaborative governance effective: A case study on the pathway to successful public-private interactions. International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management, 6(1), 36–55. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.105087
Wicaksono, F., Aziz, Y. M. A., Ariesmansyah, A., & Arifin, R. K. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Public Administration: Practice and Ethics for Talent Management in Public Sector. KnE Social Sciences, 216–225. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v10i4.18037
Wu, X., Ramesh, M., & Howlett, M. (2020). Chapter 12: Policy resources, capacities and capabilities. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/edcoll/9781789904970/9781789904970.00020.xml
Xu, J., She, S., & Liu, W. (2022). Role of digitalization in environment, social and governance, and sustainability: Review-based study for implications. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961057
Yang, L., Xiao, L., Xiong, L., Wang, J., & Bai, M. (2024). Is “Collaborative Governance” or “Competitive Collusion” the effect of cross-ownership on corporate innovation. China Accounting and Finance Review, 27(2), 153–180. https://doi.org/10.1108/CAFR-08-2023-0090
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Andre Ariesmansyah, Ferdyansyah Wicaksono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
-
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license that allows others to share the work with acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
-
Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., posting it to an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), with acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
-
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their personal websites) prior to and during the submission process, as this can lead to productive exchanges and earlier, greater citation of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access).