Policy Implementation of Vehicle Emission Testing under Fragmented Multilevel Governance in Bandung City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/jpan.v18i2.55393Keywords:
Vehicle emission testing, Policy implementation, Multilevel governance, Environmental governance, Inter-organisational coordination, Bandung CityAbstract
This study aims to examine how motor vehicle emission testing is implemented in Bandung City and why it has not yet functioned as an integrated environmental policy instrument. The study uses a qualitative case study design based on interviews, field observations, and document analysis conducted from October 2025 to February 2026. The analysis draws on Kearns and Lawson’s policy implementation framework, particularly the dimensions of policy content, implementation agency, inter-organisational relations, and social-political factors. A multilevel governance perspective and Gephi-based network mapping are also used to examine the distribution of authority and actor relations. The findings show that emission testing in Bandung City is distributed across the transportation sector, environmental sector, taxation-related administration, private workshops, and intermediary associations. However, these actors operate through different mandates, service mechanisms, reporting systems, and policy interests. Regulatory inconsistency, unclear outcome indicators, uneven logistical readiness, limited certified personnel, weak data integration, and uncertain enforcement reduce the ability of emission testing to operate as a coherent policy process. ASBEKINDO and private workshops occupy important operational positions in the implementation network, but their role cannot replace government responsibility for rule-setting, monitoring, reporting integration, and enforcement. This study contributes to policy implementation research by showing that weak enforcement, low public compliance, limited facilities, and compliance costs are not isolated barriers, but symptoms of a broader governance problem. Strengthening emission testing requires an implementation chain that links testing, reporting, repair follow-up, compliance tracking, and cross-regional coordination.
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