Biomass Contents Of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa Cultivated In Cobalt-Less Fertilizer-Enriched Saline Water
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/ak.v12i1.39468Keywords:
Algal Bioprocess, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Green Microalga, Growth Medium, Microalgal Biomass, UPLC-QToF-MSAbstract
This research aims to provide some information regarding the metabolite contents of the green microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultivated in designed saline water enriched with affordable commercial fertilizer products in Indonesia. Chlorella pyrenoidosa growth conditions and bioactive compounds were obtained through cultivation and extraction processes. The microalga growth in two different conditions was analyzed based on growth curves between microalgae cultivated in a Guillard f/2 medium and the Cobalt-less fertilizer-enriched saline water. The biomass was profiled using UPLC-QToF-MS and DPPH assay. As a result, Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultures were normally grown on fertilizer-enriched saline water, but with a lower yield performance than those cultivated in the Guillard f/2 medium. The UPLC-QToF-MS result implies that several peptide and lipid derivatives were detected in the harvested microalgal biomass, with the peptide derivatives as the dominant compounds. The limited antioxidant performance was displayed by the untreated biomass extract. This finding implies that several optimizations are still required in the upstream and downstream stages in culturing Chlorella pyrenoidosa by using an uncommon growth medium.
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[24] P. Meshram, Abhilash, B. D. Pandey, T. R. Mankhand, and H. Deveci, “Comparision of Different Reductants in Leaching of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries”, Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials (JOM), 68(10), 2613–2623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-2032-9
[25] L. Gontrani, N. V. Plechkova, and M. Bonomo, “In-Depth Physico-Chemical and Structural Investigation of a Dicarboxylic Acid/Choline Chloride Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES): A Spotlight on the Importance of a Rigorous Preparation Procedure”, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02402
[26] U. Saeed, A. Laeeq Khan, M. Amjad Gilani, M. Roil Bilad, and A. Ullah Khan, “Supported liquid membranes comprising of choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents for CO2 capture: Influence of organic acids as hydrogen bond donor”, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 335, 116155, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116155
[27] J. Coates, “Interpretation of Infrared Spectra, A Practical Approach”, Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, Wiley, 2000, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470027318.a5606
[28] S. K. Saha, S. Dey, and R. Chakraborty, “Effect of choline chloride-oxalic acid based deep eutectic solvent on the ultrasonic assisted extraction of polyphenols from Aegle marmelos”, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 287, 110956, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110956
[29] M. Gilmore, M. Swadzba-Kwasny, and J. D. Holbrey, “Thermal Properties of Choline Chloride/Urea System Studied under Moisture-Free Atmosphere”, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 64(12), 5248–5255, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.9b00474
[30] N. Azizi, S. Dezfooli, M. Khajeh, and M. M. Hashemi, “Efficient deep eutectic solvents catalyzed synthesis of pyran and benzopyran derivatives”, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 186, 76–80, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2013.05.011
[31] I. B. Qader and K. Prasad, “Recent Developments on Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents for Drug Delivery Applications”, Pharmaceutical Research, 39(10), 2367–2377, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-022-03315-w
[32] S. A. Slabi, C. Mathe, M.. Basselin, X. Framboisier, M. Ndiaye, O. Galet, & R. Kapel, (2020). “Multi-objective optimization of solid/liquid extraction of total sunflower proteins from cold press meal”, Food Chemistry, 317, 126423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126423
[33] I. M. Pateli, D. Thompson, S. S. M. Alabdullah, A. P. Abbott, G. R. T. Jenkin, and J. M. Hartley, “The effect of pH and hydrogen bond donor on the dissolution of metal oxides in deep eutectic solvents”, Green Chemistry, 22(16), 5476–5486, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0GC02023K
[34] J. Richter and M. Ruck, “Synthesis and Dissolution of Metal Oxides in Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents”, Molecules, 25(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010078
[35] U. U. Jadhav, B. K. Biswal, Z. Chen, E.-H. Yang, and H. Hocheng, “Leaching of Metals from Incineration Bottom Ash Using Organic Acid”, Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 4(1), 115–125, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-018-0161-9
[36] J. Li, T. Xu, J. Liu, J. Wen, and S. Gong, “Bioleaching metals from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) by Aspergillus niger: a review”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(33), 44622–44637, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15074-z
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2025-06-30
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Widyatama, A., Widyatama, S. A., Fajry, Z. A., Atmadi, A., Mulyawati, A. H., & Stiawan, E. (2025). Biomass Contents Of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa Cultivated In Cobalt-Less Fertilizer-Enriched Saline Water. Al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia Dan Terapan, 12(1), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.15575/ak.v12i1.39468
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Copyright (c) 2025 Awang Widyatama, Satria Aqilla Widyatama, Zaidan Al Fajry, Atmadi Atmadi, Ade Heri Mulyawati, Elva Stiawan
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