Contextual and Critical Analysis of the Ḥadith of Khalid bin al-Walid's Troop to Bani Jadhimah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/ijik.v13i1.21471Keywords:
Khᾱlid bin al-Walīd, Banū Jadhīma, Ḥadīth, Shiites, History, CompanionAbstract
Khᾱlid bin al-Walīd -may Allah be pleased with him- is one of the noble companions of the Prophet (pbuh) whose image and dignity are being tarnished, especially by the Shiites and orientalists. He is being accused of savagery towards the Muslims during the battles. Thus, he is alleged to have been a war criminal. So, this paper intends to primarily explore one of the major narratives that have been exploited against this noble companion by presenting a contextual and critical analysis of the Incident of Khᾱlid bin al-Walīd's troop to Banī Jadhīmah. Considering the nature of the research, the qualitative method is adopted by visiting the related ḥadīths and historical sources, together with the Islamic historian's remark. Therefore, analytical and critical approaches are applied to analyze and examine the narrations. The outcome of the investigation reveals that the details of the Incident were not reported in any reliable sources of ḥadīth. However, they were only reported in historical sources with unsatisfactory isnᾱd, upon which we can not rely to rebuke such a great companion. Besides, none of the historians among the narrators of the event tried to justify Khᾱlid's action and defend him or report the event without any remark. In addition, the Incident neither affects Khᾱlid's companionship nor tarnishes his reputation. Hence the Prophet (pbuh) appointed him to lead several military activities afterwards. Likewise, the great Caliph of the Prophet (pbuh) Abūbakr assigned the leadership position to him during his caliphate.
References
Al-Qur’an.
Abu ‘Abd Allah, al-Dhabī, Mohammad bin Ahmad. (2006). Siyar a‘lᾱm al-Nubalᾱ. Cairo: Dᾱr al-Ḥadīth.
Abu ‘Abd Allah, Ahmad bin Ambalī. (2001). Musnad Aḥmad bin Ambalī. Muassasah al-risᾱlah.
Abu ‘Abd al-Raḥmᾱn Al-Nasᾱī. (2001). Al-Sunan al-Kubrah. Muassasah al-risalah.
Abu al-Qᾱsim Al-Ṭabarᾱnī, Sulayman bin Aḥmad. (1994). Al-Mu‘jam al-kabīr. 2nd edn. Cairo: Maktabah ibn Taymiyyah.
Al-Bukhari, Muḥammad bin Ismᾱ‘īl. (1422 A.H.). Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhᾱrī (1st edn.). Dᾱr Ṭawq al-Najᾱt.
Al-Bukhᾱrī, Muḥammad bin Ismᾱ‘īl. (n.d). al-Tᾱrikh al-Kabīr. Dᾱirah al-Ma‘ᾱrif al- ‘Uthmᾱniyyah.
Al-Bayhaqī, Abūbakr. (1405 A.H.). Dalᾱil al-nubuwwah. Bayrūt: Dᾱr al-kutub al- ‘ilmiyyah.
Al-Bayhᾱqī, Abūbakr Ahmad bin Ḥusayn. (2003) Al-Sunan al-kuburᾱh. Bayrūt: Dᾱr al-kutub al-‘ilmiyyah.
Al-Ḥalabī, ‘Alī bin Ibrahīm. (1427 A.H.). Insᾱn al-‘uyūn/ al-sīrah al-ḥalabiyyah. Bayrūt: Dᾱr al-kutub al-‘ilmiyyah.
Al-Ḥᾱkim, Abu ‘Abd Allah. (1990). Al-mustadrak ‘alᾱ ṣaḥīḥayn. Bayrūt: Dᾱr al-kutub al-‘ilmiyyah.
Al-Nasᾱī, Abu ‘Abd Al-Raḥmᾱm. (2001). Al-Sunan al-kubrᾱ. Bayrūt: Muassasah al-risᾱlah.
Al-Ṣᾱliḥī, Muḥammad bin Yusuf. (1993). Subul al-hudᾱ wa al-Rashᾱd. Bayrūt: Dᾱr al-kutub al-‘ilmiyyah.
Al-Ṭabarī, Mohammad bin Jarīr. (1387 A.H.). Tᾱrīkh al-rusul wa al-mulūk. 2nd edn. Bayrūt: Dᾱr al-turᾱth.
Al-Ṭaḥᾱwī, Aḥnad bin Moḥammad. (1415 A.H.). Sharḥ mushkil al-ᾱthᾱr. Muassasah al-risalah.
Al-Wᾱqidī, Abū ‘Abd ‘Allah. (1989). Al-Maghᾱzī. Bayrūt: Dᾱr al-a‘lᾱmī.
Danto, E. A. (2008). Historical research. Oxford University Press.
Ibn al-Athīr, ‘Iz al-Din. (1997). Al-Kᾱmil fi al-Tᾱrikh. Bayrūt: Dᾱr al-kitᾱb al-‘Arabī.
Ibn al-Athīr, Abu al-Ḥasan ‘Alī bin Abū karam. (1994). Asad al-ghᾱbah fi ma‘rifah al-Ṣaḥᾱbah. 1st edn. Bayrūt: Dᾱr al-kutub al-‘ilmiyyah.
Ibn Ḥajar al-‘Asqalᾱnī, Aḥmad bin ‘Alī. (1379 A.H.). Fatḥ al-bᾱrī, Bayrūt: Dᾱr al- Ma‘rifah.
Ibn Ḥajar al-‘Asqalᾱnī, Aḥmad bin ‘Alī. (1415 A.H.). Fatḥ al-bᾱrī , Bayrūt: Dᾱr al-kutub al-‘ilmiyyah.
Ibn Ḥibbᾱn, Abū Ḥᾱtim Moḥammad bin Ḥibbᾱn. (1993) Ṣaḥiḥ Ibn Ḥibᾱn. Bayrūt: Muassasah al-risᾱlah.
Ibn Hishá¾±m, ‘Abd Al-Malik. (1955). Al-SÄ«rah al-Nabawittah/ SÄ«rah ibn Hishá¾±m. Misr: Maá¹ba‘ah Musá¹afah al-bá¾±bÄ« al-ḥalabÄ«.
Ibn Hishá¾±m, ‘Abd al-Malik. (1995). Al-sÄ«rá¾±h al-Nabawiyyah. Sharkah Muá¹£á¹afá¾± al-bá¾±bÄ« al-ḥalabÄ«.
Ibn Khathīr, Abu al-Fidᾱ. (1993). Al-Bidᾱyah wa al-Nihᾱyah. Bayrūt: Dᾱr al-qalam.
Ibn Sa‘d, Moḥammad bin Sa‘d. (1990). Al-Ṭabaqᾱt al-kubrᾱh. Bayrūt: Dᾱr al-kutub al-‘ilmiyyah.
Ibn Sayyid al-Nᾱs, Muḥammad bin Muḥammad. (1993). ‘Uyūn al-athar fi funūn al-maghᾱzī. Bayrūt: Dᾱr al-qalam.
á¿™sá¾±, Ibrahim. (2019). Khá¾±lid bin al-WalÄ«d á¹abakha ‘ala ra’s Má¾±lik bin Nuwayrah… Retrieved 09/05/2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOYU0Uu1jV4
Muslim bin Ḥajjᾱj. (n.d). Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim. Bayrūt: Dᾱr iḥyᾱi al-turᾱth al-‘Arabī.
Rushdī, ‘Abdullah. (2020). Khᾱlid bin al-Walīd bayna aḥaqᾱd al-RawᾱfiḠwa Ḍaghᾱin al ‘Almᾱniyīn. Retrieved 09/05/2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8hjDqU5Xso
Scharbrodt, O. (2020). Creating a diasporic public sphere in Britain: Twelver Shia networks in London. Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, 31(1), 23-40.
Yusrī, Moḥammad. (14/03/2022). Sayf Allah al-maslūl am mujrim? ṣūrah Khᾱlīd bin al-Walīd bayna al-Sunnah wa al-Shī‘ah. Retrieved 09/05/2022. https://raseef22.net/article/1086578
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Â