Uji keberhasilan persilangan, heterosis dan penampilan F1 padi lokal Pare Bau x Impari 4

Authors

  • Trisday Parari
  • Muh Riadi
  • Rinaldi Sjahril
  • Limbongan Limbongan
  • Yosua Putra

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/14987

Keywords:

Single Cross, Heterosis, Heterobeltiosis, Karakterisasi

Abstract

Padi lokal memiliki keunggulan pada rasa dan aroma, namun memiliki produksi yang rendah dan umur panen yang lama sehingga kurang unggul. Upaya untuk memperbaiki genetik padi lokal adalah melalui persilangan buatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari tingkat keberhasilan persilangan, heterosis, karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif F1, dan kekerabatan F1 dengan tetuanya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Tallunglipu, Kabupaten Toraja Utara dari Januari 2019 hingga Juli 2020. Metode persilangan yang digunakan yaitu single cross dan resiprocal cross menggunakan padi lokal aromatik Pare Bau dengan Inpari 4 sehingga diperoleh dua kombinasi persilangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase keberhasilan persilangan single cross sebesar 14,4% dan persilangan resiprok sebesar 25,5%. Karakter hasil F1 persilangan resiprok, jumlah gabah bernas per malai (164,2 gabah) dan bobot gabah bernas per rumpun (96,4 g), lebih tinggi dibandingkan F1 single cross. Karakter keharuman pada waktu berbunga terbaik dihasilkan oleh tanaman F1 single cross B1 senilai 92,2% dan B2 senilai 95%. Nilai heterosis dan heterobeltiosis tertinggi adalah F1 resiprok pada semua karakter yang diamati. Generasi F1 hasil single cross (B1 dan B2) memiliki kekerabatan dekat dengan Pare Bau, sedangkan generasi F1 hasil persilangan resiprok (RB1, RB2, RB3, RB4, dan RB5) membentuk kelompok genetik tersendiri tetapi memiliki kekerabatan dekat dengan Inpari 4. 

ABSTRACT

The rice landrace has a great taste and aroma, but has low yield and late maturity. The artificial crossing is one of ways to improve the genetics performance of the rice landrace. This study purposed to observe the success rate of crosses, heterosis, heterobeltiosis, qualitative and quantitative characters of F1, and genetic relationship of the F1with its parents. This research was conducted in Tallunglipu District, North Toraja Regency from January 2019 to July 2020. The crosses method used were single cross and reciprocal cross using local aromatic Pare Bau and Inpari 4 varieties in order to obtain two cross combinations. The results showed the success rate of the single cross was 14,4% and the reciprocal cross was 25,5%. The characteristics of the F1 reciprocal crosses, the number of fully developed grain per panicle (164,2 grain) and the weight of pithy grain per clump (96,4 g), was higher than the F1 single cross. The best level of aroma character at the time flowering was produced by F1 single cross i.e B1 92,2% and B2 95%. Resiprocal F1 had the highest value of heterosis and heterobeltiosis in all observed characters. Single cross lines (B1 and B2) were closely related to Pare Bau, while reciprocal cross lines (RB1, RB2, RB3, RB4, and RB5) formed separate genetic groups. However, reciprocal cross lines were closely related to Inpari 4.

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Published

2022-07-31

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 1 (2022)

Section

Original Research Articles

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