Substitusi sebagian pupuk anorganik dengan bahan organik terhadap ketersediaan N, P, K dan hasil tanaman jagung pada tanah inceptisol


Jauhari Syamsiyah(1*), Slamet Minardi(2), Jihad Khadaffi(3), Sri Hartati(4), Ganjar Herdiansyah(5)

(1) Program Studi Ilmu Tanah Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
(2) Program Studi Ilmu Tanah Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
(3) Program Studi Ilmu Tanah Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
(4) Program Studi Ilmu Tanah Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
(5) Program Studi Ilmu Tanah Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The reduced usage of inorganic fertilizers is needed to avoid various undesirable impacts. This study aimed to assess whether partial reduction of inorganic fertilizers with the use of organic fertilizers can maintain nutrient adequacy and yield of maize. The research was conducted in Juwiring, Klaten, Central Java from August 2021 - March 2022 designed in a Completely Randomized Group Design with seven fertilizer combination treatments, namely ¼ NPK + 1 organic fertilizer, ½ NPK + 1 organic fertilizer, ¾ NPK + 1 organic fertilizer,  ¾ NPK + ¾ organic fertilizer, and two comparison treatments namely no fertilizer and standard NPK (350 kg ha-1, SP36 150 kg ha-1, KCl 75 kg ha-1) repeated three times. The parameters observed were N-total soil and tissue, P-available soil, K-available available P and soil CEC, P and K levels of plant tissue. Organic fertilizer of 10 t ha-1 was applied a week before planting. The application of ½ NPK of the standard dose + 1 organic fertilizer showed higher N-total soil, P-available, and K-available as well as higher corn yield than the standard NPK treatment with the results of cob weight (22.52 g), cob weight without cob (13.92 g), cob length (21.47 g), and cob diameter (4.55 g) against the standard NPK treatment. The use of organic fertilizers needs to be done to maintain the sustainability of natural resources.

ABSTRAK 

Pengurangan penggunaan pupuk anorganik perlu dilakukan untuk menghindari berbagai dampak yang tidak diharapkan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji apakah pengurangan sebagian pupuk anorganik dengan pupuk organik mampu menjaga kecukupan hara dan hasil jagung. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Juwiring, Klaten, Jawa Tengah sejak Agustus 2021 – Maret 2022 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan tujuh perlakuan kombinasi pupuk yaitu: ¼ NPK + 1 pupuk organik, ½ NPK + 1 pupuk organik, ¾ NPK + 1 pupuk organik(E), 1 NPK + 1 pupuk organik, ¾ NPK + ¼ pupuk organik, ¾ NPK + ½ pupuk organik, ¾ NPK + ¾ pupuk organik, dua perlakuan pembanding yaitu tanpa pupuk serta NPK standar (350 kg ha-1, SP36 150 kg ha-1, KCl 75 kg ha-1) yang diulang 3 kali. Parameter pengamatan yaitu N-total tanah dan jaringan, P-tersedia tanah, K-Tersedia tanah dan KTK tanah, serta kadar P dan K jaringan tanaman. Pupuk organik 10 t ha-1 diberikan seminggu sebelum tanam. Aplikasi ½ NPK dari dosis standar + 1 pupuk organik menunjukkan N-total, P-tersedia, dan K-tersedia tanah serta hasil jagung yang lebih tinggi dari perlakuan NPK standar dengan hasil berat tongkol berkelobot (22,52 g), berat tongkol tanpa kelobot (13,92 g), panjang tongkol (21,47 g), dan diameter tongkol (4,55 g) terhadap perlakuan NPK standar. Penggunaan pupuk organik perlu dilakukan untuk menjaga keberlanjutan sumberdaya alam.


Keywords


Total N, P vailability, K availability, Corn yield

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/27875

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