Isolasi dan karakterisasi cendawan endofit asal rizosfer bawang merah “Lembah Palu” dan potensinya menghambat penyakit bercak ungu Alternaria porri (ELL) CIF

Authors

  • Sri Sudewi Program Studi Magister Ilmu Pertanian, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Alkhairaat Palu, Indonesia
  • Ratnawati Ratnawati Program Studi Magister Ilmu Pertanian, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Alkhairaat Palu, Indonesia
  • Kasman Jaya Program Studi Magister Ilmu Pertanian, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Alkhairaat Palu, Indonesia
  • Sitti Hardiyanti Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Alkhairaat Palu, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/28242

Keywords:

Alternaria porri, Antagonisme, Bawang merah, Cendawan endofit, Pengendalian hayati

Abstract

The decrease in shallot production due to Alternaria porri infection can reach 50%-70% or can even cause crop failure. One of the biological control methods to overcome this is by utilizing antagonistic microbes. The purpose of this study was to identify endophytic fungi from the rhizosphere of shallots "Lembah Palu " that have the potential to inhibit the A. porri fungus that causes purple spot disease. Research January-September 2022, the activity began with isolating endophytic fungi using the surface sterilization method, followed by characterization and identification of morphology macroscopically and microscopically, compatibility testing between isolates, and antagonism power test. The results obtained 5 isolates of endophytic fungi identified in the genus Fusarium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, and Trichoderma sp. A total of seven compatible interactions between endophytic fungi resulted from compatibility tests, while 3 other interactions were not compatible. The antagonism test of 5 fungal isolates against the A. porri produced an average inhibition of ≥ 75%. The HKP5 isolate (Penicillium sp) had the best inhibition of 78.96%. This indicates that endophytic fungal isolates have some potencies the potential to be developed as biological control agents in an effort to support sustainable agriculture.

ABSTRAK

Penurunan produksi tanaman bawang merah akibat serangan Alternaria porri dapat mencapai 50%-70% bahkan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya gagal panen. Salah satu metode pengendalian hayati untuk mengatasi hal tersebut yaitu dengan memanfaatkan mikroba yang bersifat antagonis . Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi cendawan endofit asal rizosfer bawang merah “Lembah Palu†yang berpotensi dalam menghambat cendawan A. porri penyebab penyakit bercak ungu. Penelitian Januari-September 2022, kegiatan diawali dengan mengisolasi cendawan endofit menggunakan metode sterilisasi permukaan, dengan perendaman sampel akar berurutan dalam 2% Natrium hipoklorit, etanol 70% dan air steril, kemudian dikulturkan dalam media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Selanjutnya setelah isolat tumbuh, disubkultur kembali untuk dilakukan karakterisasi dan identifikasi morfologi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis, pengujian kompatibilitas antarisolat serta uji daya antagonisme. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 5 isolat cendawan endofit yang teridentifikasi dalam genus Fusarium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, dan Trichoderma sp. Sebanyak tujuh interaksi kompatibel antarcendawan endofit dihasilkan dari uji kompatibilitas, sedangkan 3 interaksi lainnya tidak kompatibel. Uji daya antagonisme 5 isolat cendawan terhadap patogen A. porri menghasilkan rata-rata daya hambat ≥ 75%. Isolat HKP5 (Penicillium sp) memiliki daya hambat terbaik sebesar 78,96%. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa isolat cendawan endofit berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agens pengendali hayati dalam upaya mendukung pertanian berkelanjutan.

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Published

2023-12-29

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Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023)

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