Perbandingan karakter fisiologi, pertumbuhan dan hasil varietas padi hitam lokal asal malang pada dua agroekosistem


Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono(1*), Putri Utami Suherman(2), Muhamad Kadapi(3)

(1) Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
(2) Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
(3) Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Black rice (Oryza sativaL.) is a health-beneficial food crop. No studies have investigated the ideal agroecosystem for achieving black rice's highest growth and yield. This study aimed to contrast the physiological characteristics, growth, and yield of black rice plants within two distinct agroecosystems: wetland and dryland. The study was conducted in a controlled screen house situated at an elevation of 750 meters above sea level, with a C3 agroclimatological zone according to the Oldeman classification. The research was conducted in April – November 2020. The research used quantitative methods without an experimental design. Two populations of black rice were planted in two agroecosystem treatments, conditioned as wetland and dryland. Observations were made on physiological characters (chlorophyll content index and stomatal conductance), growth components (plant height, number of tillers, shoot root ratio, dry weight, and leaf area index), and yield components (number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, percentage of filled grain, and weight of 1000 grains). The results revealed that black rice plants in dry land had better growth, but had worse in physiological characteristics, yield components, and yields than in wet land.

ABSTRAK

Padi hitam (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan satu dari banyak tanaman pangan yang memiliki manfaat untuk kesehatan. Penelitian mengenai agroekosistem yang optimal bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi hitam belum dilakukan hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan fisiologi, pertumbuhan, dan hasil tanaman padi hitam pada dua agroekosistem, yaitu lahan basah dan lahan kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam screen house pada ketinggian 750 m di atas permukaan laut dan merupakan zona agroklimatologi C3 berdasarkan klasifikasi Oldeman. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April – November 2020. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif tanpa rancangan percobaan. Dua populasi padi hitam ditanam pada dua perlakuan agroekosistem, dikondisikan sebagai lahan basah dan lahan kering. Pengamatan dilakukan pada karakter fisiologi (indeks kandungan klorofil dan konduktansi stomata), komponen pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, nisbah pupus akar, bobot kering tanaman, dan indeks luas daun), dan komponen hasil (jumlah anakan produktif, panjang malai, jumlah gabah per malai, persentase gabah isi, dan bobot 1000 butir gabah). Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa tanaman padi hitam di lahan kering menghasilkan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik, namun memiliki karakter fisiologi, komponen hasil, dan hasil yang lebih buruk daripada di lahan basah.


Keywords


Antosianin, Beras, Diabetes, Fisiologi, Irigasi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/30045

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