Analisis pertumbuhan dan hasil varietas bawang merah dengan pupuk hayati di luar musim tanam

Authors

  • Hasna Marhama Program Studi Magister Agronomi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5617-7167
  • Eddy Triharyanto Jurusan Agronomi, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
  • Maria Theresia Sri Budiastuti Jurusan Agronomi, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/30313

Keywords:

Bawang merah, Perubahan iklim, Pupuk hayati

Abstract

The phenomenon of climate change has an impact on agricultural sector, including the cultivation of shallots. To meet the needs of the community, an approach is taken through the application of biofertilizers and the use of shallot varieties that are resistant to off-season cultivation. The research aimed to determine the optimal concentration of biofertilizer and the resilient shallot varieties for the off-season cultivation. This research was conducted in February–May 2023 in Ngringo Village, Jaten District, Karanganyar, Central Java, with an altitude of 189 masl. This study used a Split Plot Design method. Shallot Variety was the main plot, namely: Bima Brebes, Maja Cipanas, and Bali Karet. Biofertilizer concentration was the subplots, i.e : 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 ml l-1 per plot, resulting in 15 treatment combinations with three replications. Observation parameters included leaf area index, net assimilation rate, plant growth rate, bulb diameter, and bulb fresh weight. The results indicated that biofertilizers did not affect the growth of shallots. Regarding yield quality, a concentration of 12 ml l-1 per plot could increase bulb diameter and bulb fresh weight. The Bali Karet variety generated better bulb diameter and bulb fresh weight, and it is capable of adapting when planted off-season.

ABSTRAK

Fenomena perubahan iklim berpengaruh pada sektor pertanian, termasuk budidaya bawang merah. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat, dilakukan pendekatan dengan pemberian pupuk hayati dan penggunaan varietas bawang merah yang tahan ditanam di luar musim. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui konsentrasi optimal dari pupuk hayati dan varietas bawang merah yang tahan ditanam di luar musim. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Februari-Mei 2023 di Desa Ngringo, Kecamatan Jaten, Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah dengan ketinggian wilayah 189 mdpl. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok Petak Terbagi (Split Plot Design). Varietas bawang merah menjadi petak utama yaitu: Bima Brebes, Maja Cipanas, dan Bali Karet. Konsentrasi pupuk hayati sebagai anak petak, yaitu: 0, 3, 6, 9, dan 12 ml l-1 per petak, sehingga terdapat 15 petak kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang tiga kali. Parameter pengamatan meliputi indeks luas daun, laju asimilasi bersih, laju pertumbuhan tanaman, diameter umbi, dan bobot segar umbi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pupuk hayati tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bawang merah. Pada kualitas hasil, konsentrasi 12 ml l-1 per petak dapat meningkatkan diameter umbi dan bobot segar umbi. Varietas Bali Karet memiliki diameter umbi dan bobot segar umbi terbesar, serta mampu beradaptasi ketika ditanam di luar musim tanam.

Author Biography

Hasna Marhama, Program Studi Magister Agronomi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret

Program of Magister Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

References

Aasfar, A., Bargaz, A., Yaakoubi, K., Hilali, A., Bennis, I., Zeroual, Y., & Meftah Kadmiri, I. (2021). Nitrogen fixing Azotobacter species as potential soil biological enhancers for crop nutrition and yield stability. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12(February), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.628379

Allouzi, M. M. A., Allouzi, S. M. A., Keng, Z. X., Supramaniam, C. V., Singh, A., & Chong, S. (2022). Liquid biofertilizers as a sustainable solution for agriculture. Heliyon, 8(12), e12609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12609

Amelia, K., & Migusnawati. (2020). Pengaruh reinokulasi jamur dan bakteri pada tithonia sebagai pagar lorong dalam memperbaiki sifat fisika tanah. Jurnal Teknik, Komputer, Agroteknologi Dan Sains, 1(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.56248/marostek.v1i1.14

Amina, I. O., Bake, I. D., & Omar, A. W. H. (2023). Effects of Different Rates of NPK 15: 15: 15 Fertilizer on growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench) in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Research, 9(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/ISSN:2730-7603X

Ananda, R. D., Zulfita, D., & Hariyanti, A. (2023). Respon Fisiologis dan komponen hasil beberapa varietas jagung manis dengan pemberian pupuk hayati pada lahan gambut. Jurnal Sains Pertanian Equator, (1), 70–84. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jspe.v12i1.60350

Ardila, D. Della, Widyaningrum, & Elwin. (2021). Pengaruh pemberian berbagai jenis pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bayam cabut (Amaranthus tricolor L .) di Kampung Adibaboi , Kelurahan Pasir Putih, Distrik Manokwari Timur, Kabupaten Manokwari, Provinsi Papua Barat. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan Dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian, 343–354. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian. https://doi.org/10.47687/snppvp.v2i1.200

Darini, M. T. (2019). Karakter agronomi tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) di luar musim pada pemberian pupuk zwavelzure amoniak dan rhizobacteria. Jurnal Pertanian Agros, 21(2), 136–144. Retraction note https://e-journal.janabadra.ac.id/index.php/JA/article/view/962

Fernandes, L. B., D’Souza, J. S., Prasad, T. S. K., & Ghag, S. B. (2023). Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, a banana wilt pathogen. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects, 1867(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130382

Firmansyah, M. A. (2018). Pertumbuhan, Produksi, dan kualitas bawang merah di tanah pasir kuarsa pedalaman luar musim. Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi, 6(2), 271–278. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32734/joa.v6i2.2604

Herdiyana, A. (2014). PT. Pupuk Kujang Produksi Pupuk Hayati Bion-UP Karya Unpad. February 1, 2022, Retraction note www.unpad.ac.id website: https://www.unpad.ac.id/2014/12/pt-pupuk-kujang-produksi-pupuk-hayati-bion-karya-unpad/

Hidayah, B. N., Sugianti, T., Mardiana, M., & Pramudia, A. (2023). The impact of weather anomalies on shallot seed production in West Lombok, Indonesia. ISEPPROLOCAL, 373, 03003. Lombok. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337303003

Hidayat, C., Setiati, Y., & Gustini, P. (2018). Growth and yield of chili on post-mine sandpits treated by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi and organic matter. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 434, 012110. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/434/1/012110

Ilham, Darmayasa, I. B. G., Nurjaya, I. G. M. O., & Kawuri, R. (2014). Isolasi dan Identifikasi bakteri pelarut fosfat potensial pada tanah konvensional dan tanah organik. Jurnal Simbiosis II, (1), 173–183. Retraction note https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/simbiosis/article/download/9499/7002

Kalay, A. M., Hindersah, R., Talahaturuson, A., & Langoi, Ferra, A. (2016). Efek pemberian pupuk hayati konsorsium terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.). Jur.Agroekotek, 8(2), 131–138. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33512/j.agrtek.v8i2.1486

Kristina, N., Resigia, E., & Herawati, N. (2023). Ammonium sulphate (ZA) and organic fertilizer to improve yield and quality of shallot bulb (Allium ascalonicum L.) On recovered Ultisols. Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology, 7(3), 259–271. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v7i3.150

Kumar, S., Diksha, Sindhu, S. S., & Kumar, R. (2022). Biofertilizers: An eco-friendly technology for nutrient recycling and environmental sustainability. Current Research in Microbial Sciences, 3, 100094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100094

Kurniasari, R., Suwarto, & Sulistyono, E. (2023). Pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Varietas Numbu dengan pemupukan organik yang berbeda. Agrohorti, 11(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v11i1.46616

Kurniawan, B. A., Ariffin, S., & Fajriani. (2014). Pengaruh jumlah pemberian air terhadap respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tembakau (Nicotiana tabaccum L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 2, 59–64. Retraction note http://protan.studentjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/protan/article/view/79

Kurniawati, F. H., & Nugraha, D. R. (2019). Aplikasi pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah ( Allium ascalonicum L .) Kultivar Bali Karet. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Dan Peternakan, 7, 65–70. Retraction note https://jurnal.unma.ac.id/index.php/AG/article/view/1846/1635

Lewar, Y., & Hasan, A. (2022). Total luas daun, laju asimilasi bersih dan klorofil daun kacang merah varietas inerie akibat aplikasi pupuk hayati. Seminar Nasional Politani Kupang, 274–280. Indonesia. Retraction note https://ejurnal.politanikoe.ac.id/index.php/psnp/article/view/180/96

Piliang, L., & Rahmadina. (2023). Pengaruh pertumbuhan tanaman terong ungu (Solanum melongena L.) terhadap media dan jarak tanam yang berbeda. BIOEDUSAINS:Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Dan Sains, 6(1), 99–109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31539/bioedusains.v6i1.5773

Rismunandar. (2016). Budidaya Lima Jenis Bawang. Bandung: Sinar Baru.

Santoso, K., Rahmawati, & Rafdinal. (2019). Eksplorasi bakteri penambat nitrogen dari tanah hutan mangrove. Jurnal Protobiont, 8, 52–58. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.26418/protobiont.v8i1.30855

Sitompul, S. & G. B. (1995). Analisis Pertumbuhan Tanaman. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.

Soleha, S., Muslim, A., Suwandi, S., Kadir, S., & Pratama, R. (2022). Host range studies of Fusarium oxysporum, causal agent of seedling wilt disease of Acacia mangium. Biodiversitas, 23(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230104

Solichah, T. U., & Rangga, K. K. (2018). Shallot Farmers’ adaptation towards climate change in Larangan Village, Brebes. Proceeding of the ICTA 2017, 1, 45–54. Yogyakarta: Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference on Tropical Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.21335

Son, S., Kim, H., Lee, K. S., Kim, S., & Park, S. R. (2020). Rice glutaredoxin GRXS15 confers broad-spectrum resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Fusarium fujikuroi. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 533(4), 1385–1392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.027

Suhartono, Sholehah, D. N., & Murdianto, R. S. (2023). Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi andrographolida tanaman sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees .) akibat perbedaan dosis pupuk guano. Journal of Science and Technology, 13(23), 164–171. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21107/rekayasa.v13i2.6905

Sumarni, N., Rosliani, R., & Basuki, R. S. (2016). Respons pertumbuhan, hasil umbi, dan serapan hara NPK tanaman bawang merah terhadap berbagai dosis pemupukan NPK pada tanah alluvial. Jurnal Hortikultura, 22(4), 366. https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v22n4.2012.p366-375

Sutrisno, Dedi, Kusuma, Zaenal & Cahyono, P. (2018). Pengaruh pupuk hayati berbasis mikoriza arbuskula terhadap peningkatan P tersedia dan pertumbuhan tanaman nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr ) pada tanah masam. Jurnal Tanah Dan Sumber Daya Lahan, 5(2), 901–909. https://doi.org/e-ISSN:2549-9793

Triharyanto, E., Nyoto, S., & Yusrifani, I. (2018). Application of gibberellins on flowering and yield of two varieties of shallot in lowland. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 142(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/142/1/012066

Yuniati, S., & Safruddin. (2019). Pengaruh intensitas penyiraman terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). Jurnal Agriyan, 5(2), 45–52. Retraction note https://ejournal.lppmunidayan.ac.id/index.php/agriyan/article/download/123/13

Zamaniah, Luluun N., Handayani, T., & Saraswati, R. (2018). Pengaruh hujan ekstrem terhadap produktivitas bawang merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo Jawa Timur. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Geografi FKIP UMP, 173–183. Depok. https://doi.org/9786026697257

Downloads

Published

2023-12-28

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023)

Section

Original Research Articles

Citation Check

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exlusive right and licence of first publication for the full legal term of copyright with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
  • Authors also grant any third party the right to use the articles freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
  • Jurnal Agro is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author’s responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author
  • The corresponding author must sign the License to Publish Agreement Form at the time of submission of his/her manuscript.

Creative Commons Licence

Jurnal Agro (J. Agro: ISSN 2407-7993) by http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/ja/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.