Analisis Diversitas Morfologi dan Potensi Persebaran Maja (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. dan Crescentia cujete L.) di Mojokerto


Fakhri Hafidh(1*), Budi Waluyo(2)

(1) Brawijaya University, Indonesia
(2) ,  
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Tanaman maja memiliki sejarah vital bagi masyarakat Mojokerto. Selain sebagai simbol budaya, maja dimanfaatkan untuk pangan, keperluan medis, dan pertanian. Sekarang, keanekaragaman hayati tanaman lokal ini terancam karena minimnya upaya pelestarian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi, memetakan sebaran dan potensi sebaran maja serta menganalisis keanekaragaman dan kekerabatannya berdasarkan morfologi. Metode eksplorasi didasari pada survey ekogeografi dan pemetaannya menggunakan model maxent di aplikasi DivaGIS. Indeks Shannon digunakan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman. Analisis kekerabatan menggunakan aplikasi DARwin dengan metode Neighbor-Joining dan Hierarchical clustering. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan adanya penurunan populasi maja secara masif di mayoritas wilayah Mojokerto. Kecamatan Trowulan, Jetis, Kota Mojokerto, dan Ngoro menjadi pusat distribusi aktual maja. Indeks Shannon menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman morfologi maja pada parameter kualitatif (0,15) jauh lebih rendah dibanding kuantitatif (4,95). Secara umum, keanekaragaman morfologi maja di Mojokerto tergolong dalam kategori sedang (1,95). Ada 4 kategori maja di Mojokerto berdasarkan pengelompokan menggunakan Neighbor-Joining dan 3 kategori menggunakan Hierarchical Clustering.

Maja has a vital role in Mojokerto civilization. Aside as a cultural symbol, maja also used as religious festivals, medical purpose, and agricultural practice. Today, the diversity of maja is endangered because of the minimum conservation. The research was conducted to map the actual and potential distribution of Maja. The research also analyzes the diversity and kinship of maja. The Maxent model in DivaGIS was used as the bases of the ecogeographical survey and mapping.. The morphological diversity of maja was assessed by Shannon index and the cluster analysis was carried out based on Neighbor-joining dan Hierarchical clustering method using DARwin software. The result shows that the diversity index of maja in Mojokerto is classified as medium with the value of 1.95. Maja's kinship is divided into 4 groups based on qualitative and 3 groups based on quantitative traits. Maja was spread in Mojokerto and concentrated in 4 sub districts of Trowulan, Jetis, Mojokerto, and Ngoro. Based on the comparison with maxent predictions, there is a massive maja population loss in Mojokerto. Land conversion and plant substitution is a major cause of decrease of maja population.


Keywords


Aegle marmelos, Crescentia cujete, Keanekaragaman, Kekerabatan, Mojokerto

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15575/8808

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